Movement Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Enhanced Long‐Latency Reflex II in Parkinson's Disease Through Rapid Subthalamic–Cortical Modulation","authors":"Kai‐Hsiang Stanley Chen, Yih‐Chih Jacinta Kuo, Chang‐Yu Jeng, Yan‐Siou Dong, Chun‐Hwei Tai, Robert Chen","doi":"10.1002/mds.70508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.70508","url":null,"abstract":"Background The long‐latency reflex (LLR), particularly LLR II elicited by peripheral stimulation, is considered a transcortical reflex and may reflect cortical–subcortical excitability. Its relevance as a biomarker for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) optimization in Parkinson's disease remains unclear. Objective To examine whether LLR II responses are modulated by STN‐DBS stimulation parameters and dopaminergic medication, and to explore the potential mechanisms underlying STN‐DBS–related motor improvement. Methods Thirteen Parkinson's disease patients with STN‐DBS underwent median nerve stimulation to assess LLR II, quantified as the peak abductor pollicis brevis electromyography (EMG) response at 50–70 ms, normalized to prestimulus baseline EMG, across different stimulation intensities, contacts, and frequency conditions, including 60 Hz, 130 Hz, and an energy‐matched condition. A single DBS pulse was also paired with the cortical N20 response at N20 – 2 ms (T1) or N20 + 10 ms (T2) to assess timing‐dependent effects. Sixteen Parkinson's disease patients without DBS were tested in medication‐ <jats:italic>on</jats:italic> and ‐ <jats:italic>off</jats:italic> states. Motor severity was assessed using tested‐side Unified Parkinson's Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS III) subscores. Results LLR II ratio was higher at 70% and 100% of clinical stimulation intensity than during DBS‐ <jats:italic>off</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.0029 and <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.042, respectively). LLR II was higher at the most effective than at the least‐effective contact ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.042). The clinically most‐effective frequency showed higher LLR II than DBS‐ <jats:italic>off</jats:italic> and the least‐effective frequency (both <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.048). In the single‐pulse DBS experiment, LLR II increased only at T2 compared to DBS‐ <jats:italic>off</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.047). No medication‐state difference was observed. Conclusions LLR II was modulated by clinically effective STN‐DBS parameters but was insensitive to dopaminergic medication, supporting its utility as a biomarker of DBS‐related sensorimotor circuit modulation, potentially involving the hyperdirect pathway. © 2026 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.","PeriodicalId":213,"journal":{"name":"Movement Disorders","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanded ATXN3 CAG Repeat is Stable in Human Purkinje Cells","authors":"Hasnahana Chetia, Laura Kus, Erika Sipos, Nathaniel Heintz, Kert Mätlik","doi":"10.1002/mds.70465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.70465","url":null,"abstract":"Background Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an abnormally long polyglutamine‐encoding CAG repeat in the <jats:italic>ATXN3</jats:italic> gene. Objectives We aimed to determine whether somatic expansion of the mutant <jats:italic>ATXN3</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>mATXN3</jats:italic> ) CAG repeat is present in the output cell of the cerebellar cortex, the Purkinje cell (PC), in individuals affected with SCA3. Methods We combined sorting of cell nuclei from post‐mortem brain tissue, transcriptome analysis‐based confirmation of sample purity, and high‐depth sequencing of <jats:italic>ATXN3</jats:italic> exon 10 amplicons to analyze the stability of <jats:italic>mATXN3</jats:italic> CAG repeat in PCs in individuals with SCA3. Results We demonstrated that the expansion of <jats:italic>mATXN3</jats:italic> CAG repeat in PCs is minimal, comparable with cerebellar granule neurons, and the repeat is more stable in PCs compared with striatal medium spiny neurons. Conclusion The modest somatic expansion of the <jats:italic>mATXN3</jats:italic> CAG repeat observed in PCs is likely not responsible for their loss in individuals with SCA3. © 2026 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Movement Disorders</jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.","PeriodicalId":213,"journal":{"name":"Movement Disorders","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148688034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":" SPG4 Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: From Etiology to Therapy","authors":"Emanuela Piermarini, Peter W. Baas","doi":"10.1002/mds.70453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.70453","url":null,"abstract":"Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a heterogeneous group of heritable neurodegenerative disorders resulting from mutations in a wide variety of genes. HSP locomotor symptoms include lower limb weakness and spasticity that arise from progressive degeneration of corticospinal axons projecting from the motor cortex to the distal spinal cord. Ensuing gait defects typically lead to wheelchair dependence. Degeneration of other tracts can also occur, expanding the constellation of symptoms to potentially include urinary, fecal, and speech problems, as well as intellectual disability. <jats:italic>SPG4</jats:italic> ‐HSP, the most common variant, is caused by mutations in the <jats:italic>SPAST</jats:italic> gene, which encodes spastin, a microtubule‐severing protein with membrane‐related properties. Significant progress has been made in developing preclinical models for <jats:italic>SPG4</jats:italic> ‐HSP and in elucidating its mechanistic etiology. On this basis, progress is being made on developing a flexible therapeutic regimen for patients at all stages of disease progression. © 2026 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Movement Disorders</jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.","PeriodicalId":213,"journal":{"name":"Movement Disorders","volume":"263 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare‐Variant Burden Analysis of Dystonia Genes in Parkinson's Disease","authors":"Sajanth Kanagasingam, Sitki Cem Parlar, Lang Liu, Ziv Gan‐Or, Konstantin Senkevich","doi":"10.1002/mds.70463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.70463","url":null,"abstract":"Background Dystonia frequently coexists with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the extent of genetic overlap remains insufficiently explored. Objective The aim was to examine whether rare variants in dystonia‐related genes are associated with PD or early‐onset PD (EOPD). Methods We curated 44 dystonia‐related genes using the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and the Movement Disorder Society report on hereditary dystonia. Whole‐genome sequencing data from 5315 PD patients, including 300 EOPD patients, and 36,902 controls across the Accelerating Medicines Partnership–Parkinson's Disease (AMP‐PD) and UK Biobank European cohorts were analyzed. Rare‐variant burden analysis was performed using the optimized sequence kernel association test (SKAT‐O) and MetaSKAT. Results In the analyses of all PD patients, no association survived multiple‐testing correction. Conversely, exploratory EOPD analyses identified five significant genes ( <jats:italic>ATP5MC3, DNAJC12, KMT2B, TBC1D24, TMEM151A</jats:italic> ); however, these signals were driven by small numbers of variants and were not robust to leave‐one‐variant‐out analyses. Conclusions Rare variants in dystonia‐related genes are not major contributors to overall PD risk. Signals observed in the EOPD subset require replication in larger cohorts. © 2026 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Movement Disorders</jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.","PeriodicalId":213,"journal":{"name":"Movement Disorders","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to: Patient‐Reported Feedback in Essential Tremor Deep Brain Stimulation: Distinguishing Perceived Comfort from Tremor Suppression","authors":"Sophia Peschke, Jing Dong, Angelina Kirschner, Johannes Off, Juhi Shaik, Carla Palleis, Jan Hinnerk Mehrkens, Elisabeth Kaufmann, Maximilian Scherer, Thomas Koeglsperger","doi":"10.1002/mds.70440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.70440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":213,"journal":{"name":"Movement Disorders","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":" KIF1A ‐Associated Neurological Disorder ( KAND ): Spectrum of Movement and Motor Disorders in a Cohort of 51 Patients","authors":"Katerina Bernardi, Giovana Ribeiro, Nicole Battaglia, Jessica Waxler, Amy Tam, Joshua Rong, Enrique Gonzalez Saez‐Diez, Candace Cameron, Monica Ferrer‐Socorro, Zainab Zaman, Habibah A.P. Agianda, Vicente Quiroz, Kathryn Yang, Wendy K. Chung, Darius Ebrahimi‐Fakhari","doi":"10.1002/mds.70420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.70420","url":null,"abstract":"Background <jats:italic>KIF1A</jats:italic> ‐associated neurological disorder (KAND) encompasses a broad neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative spectrum in which motor and movement disorders are common but incompletely defined. Objectives To systematically characterize motor and movement disorder phenotypes in KAND. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, 51 individuals with likely‐pathogenic or pathogenic <jats:italic>KIF1A</jats:italic> variants underwent standardized neurological assessment using the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS), SPATAX disability scale, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and Modified Ashworth Scale. Results A history of global developmental delay was present in 96.1% and neonatal or infantile hypotonia in 62.7%. Progressive spasticity occurred in 72.5%, predominantly affecting the lower extremities and correlated with age ( <jats:italic>β</jats:italic> = 0.45, odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] 1.09–2.25, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.016). Lower extremity weakness was nearly universal (88.2%) and inversely related with age ( <jats:italic>β</jats:italic> = −0.08, OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.86–0.99, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.032). Independent walking was achieved by 62.7% at a median age of 24 months, but only 31.4% retained independent ambulation at last evaluation. Movement disorders included motor stereotypies (43.1%), ataxia (19.6%), action tremor (15.6%), and dystonia (3.9%). Cerebellar signs were present in 37.2%. The p.Glu253Lys variant was associated with the most severe phenotype. Conclusions KAND encompasses a continuous spectrum of motor and movement disorders that integrates developmental and neurodegenerative features. These findings inform clinical management, genetic counseling, and the design of future clinical trials. © 2026 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.","PeriodicalId":213,"journal":{"name":"Movement Disorders","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient‐Reported Feedback in Essential Tremor Deep Brain Stimulation: Distinguishing Perceived Comfort from Tremor Suppression","authors":"Chul Bum Cho","doi":"10.1002/mds.70441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.70441","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":213,"journal":{"name":"Movement Disorders","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148564503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amantadine Modulates Action-Specific Neural Ensembles in Hypokinetic and Hyperkinetic Conditions.","authors":"Gaurav Chattree,Radosław Chrapkiewicz,Yanping Zhang,Jane Li,Fatih Dinc,Mark J Schnitzer","doi":"10.1002/mds.70415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.70415","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDIn the classical model of basal ganglia circuitry, striatal spiny projection neurons of the direct and indirect pathways (dSPNs, iSPNs) promote and suppress movement, respectively, and exhibit unbalanced activity levels during hypokinetic or hyperkinetic conditions. Most therapies for these conditions are thought to work by rebalancing the relative activity of dSPNs and iSPNs toward normal levels. However, the mechanism of amantadine, which uniquely improves both hypokinetic and hyperkinetic conditions, is poorly understood.OBJECTIVEOur aim was to determine whether amantadine restores motor function by normalizing the balance of dSPN and iSPN activity or through a distinct mechanism.METHODSWe used dual-color two-photon Ca2+ imaging in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) mouse model of Parkinson's disease to concurrently monitor dSPN and iSPN dynamics across healthy, hypokinetic (parkinsonian), and hyperkinetic (dyskinetic) conditions.RESULTSWe evaluated both dSPN/iSPN activity balance and action-specific neural ensemble activity in the dorsolateral striatum. In hypokinetic conditions, levodopa rescued the dSPN/iSPN imbalance but failed to restore the disrupted activity of the locomotion-specific ensemble. Conversely, amantadine improved locomotion-specific ensemble activity without normalizing the dSPN/iSPN imbalance. In hyperkinetic conditions, forelimb dyskinesias were characterized by neural activity patterns distinct from those encoding locomotion. Amantadine selectively suppressed the resting activity of forelimb dyskinesia ensembles without affecting locomotion-coding ensembles or restoring pathway balance.CONCLUSIONSLevodopa and amantadine may act through distinct mechanisms, with levodopa normalizing pathway balance and amantadine modulating action-specific neural ensembles. These findings support the importance of action-coding disruptions during hypokinetic and hyperkinetic conditions and suggest that correcting them can restore motor function. © 2026 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.","PeriodicalId":213,"journal":{"name":"Movement Disorders","volume":"263 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty and Tremor Recurrence after Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor: An Age-Driven Association.","authors":"Mercy H Mazurek,Daniela Limbania,Niels Pacheco-Barrios,Melissa M J Chua,Adam C Glaser,Nathan J McDannold,G Rees Cosgrove,John D Rolston","doi":"10.1002/mds.70435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.70435","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDFrailty has been associated with adverse outcomes after neurosurgical procedures, but its impact on magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy for essential tremor (ET) is unknown.METHODSThis single-center cohort included 481 consecutive ET patients undergoing unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy (March 2016-March 2025). Frailty was quantified using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10)-derived Risk Analysis Index (RAI). Outcomes included 3-month Fahn-Tolosa-Marin (FTM) tremor score, side effects, satisfaction, and tremor recurrence over 3 years.RESULTSFrailty and age did not predict 3-month FTM score (RAI: β = 0.011, P = 0.134; age: β = 0.016, P = 0.065) or side effects (RAI: odds ratio [OR] = 1.003, P = 0.792; age: OR = 1.021, P = 0.116). RAI and age predicted recurrence with similar effect sizes (RAI hazard ratio [HR] = 1.040, P = 0.008; age HR = 1.063, P = 0.005); RAI subcomponent analysis indicated age was the primary driver. Lesion volumes did not differ by RAI or age.CONCLUSIONSShort-term tremor control after MRgFUS is excellent regardless of RAI-measured frailty or age though recurrence rose with age, which accounted for the frailty association. © 2026 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.","PeriodicalId":213,"journal":{"name":"Movement Disorders","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcome Assessments for Functional Performance in Spastic Paresis: Systematic Review, Critique, and Recommendations","authors":"Martina Hoskovcova MD, PhD,&nbsp;Marjolaine Baude MD, PhD,&nbsp;Bo Biering-Sørensen MD, NDAPM, MPG,&nbsp;Ota Gal PhD,&nbsp;Mary P Galea PhD, FAHMS,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Gracies MD, PhD,&nbsp;Carmen Rodriguez-Blazquez PhD,&nbsp;Theodore Wein MD,&nbsp;Michelle Hyczy de Siqueira Tosin PhD, MSN,&nbsp;Álvaro Sánchez-Ferro MD, PhD,&nbsp;Tiago A Mestre MD, PhD,&nbsp;Matej Skorvanek MD, PhD,&nbsp;Robert Jech MD, PhD,&nbsp;The members of the MDS Clinical Outcome Assessments Scientific Evaluation Committee and MDS Spasticity Study Group","doi":"10.1002/mds.70288","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mds.70288","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spastic paresis, resulting from central nervous system lesions, significantly impairs functional performance. In the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, functional performance was defined as functioning at the activity level in relation to the impairment of body functions and structures, that is, symptoms of spastic paresis syndrome. Reliable clinical outcome assessments (COAs) for functional performance evaluation are needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review evaluates the clinimetric properties of functional performance COAs in spastic paresis and provides recommendations for their use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A literature search identified relevant COAs, which were systematically assessed by an international expert panel and classified as “recommended,” “recommended with caveats,” “suggested,” or “listed” following the Movement Disorder Society-COA methodology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-one COAs were identified, and 14 COAs used in over 2% of studies were reviewed. Five COAs assessing lower limb functional performance met the “recommended” criteria, whereas none of the upper limb COAs met the criteria for “recommended.” Two upper-limb COAs were evaluated as “recommended with caveats.”</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two variants of the 10-Meter Walk Test, along with the 2-Minute or 6-Minute Walk Test (to account for fatigability), are recommended for assessing lower limb functional performance in patients with spastic paresis. The Wisconsin Gait Scale is recommended, although its clinical feasibility is limited. For the upper limb, the 13-item Arm Motor Ability Test and the Modified Frenchay Scale are classified as “recommended with caveats” because of identified limitations. Establishing consistent scoring guidelines and standardized protocols will be essential to enhance their clinical applicability and diffusion. © 2026 The Author(s). <i>Movement Disorders</i> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":213,"journal":{"name":"Movement Disorders","volume":"41 7","pages":"1623-1647"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mds.70288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147536330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}