Safety Science最新文献_第7页

Assessing the impact of rider-only escalator etiquette using agent-based modelling 使用基于代理的模型评估仅限乘客的自动扶梯礼仪的影响

IF 5.4 1区工程技术

Safety Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107064

Lazaros FILIPPIDIS (Λάζαρος Φιλιππίδης), Steve M.V. Gwynne, Peter J. Lawrence, Edwin R. Galea

{"title":"Assessing the impact of rider-only escalator etiquette using agent-based modelling","authors":"Lazaros FILIPPIDIS (Λάζαρος Φιλιππίδης), Steve M.V. Gwynne, Peter J. Lawrence, Edwin R. Galea","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Escalator etiquette, especially during peak demand periods, influences congestion, flow, throughput, and safety across a variety of public infrastructures. Often, escalator etiquette dictates standing on one side and walking on the other (e.g., <em>Stand on the Right and Walk on the Left</em>, in the UK). Several studies suggest that when passengers stand on both sides, on an ascending escalator, increases both throughput and safety. This work examines when a rider-only etiquette is beneficial, using the buildingEXODUS agent-based model to simulate escalator use and egress from an underground station. The study evaluates the impact of escalator etiquette on a tall escalator (24 m) under varying demand conditions in terms of throughput, crowding, individual and station performance. Simulation results are compared against the Holborn Pilot study conducted within the London Underground metro system to support the credibility of the insights provided. The findings indicate that at demand levels producing congestion at or beyond 1.0 p/m<sup>2</sup> at the base of the escalator, a rider-only strategy offers clear benefits: increased escalator throughput (by 38.9 % at 4p/m<sup>2</sup>), decreased station and per-person egress times (by 66.77 % at 4p/m<sup>2</sup>, and 26.5 % at 4 p/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively), and reduced exposure to congestion for the entire population (by 15.8–74.2 % across all conditions) and per person (by 15.7–74.4 % across all conditions). These results demonstrate that simulation tools can provide insights that are difficult to obtain from live trials and can support operators in improving a station’s throughput and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 107064"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A maturity model for accident investigation: beyond technical and functional analysis 事故调查的成熟度模型：超越技术和功能分析

IF 5.4 1区工程技术

Safety Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107108

Riana Steen , Stig O. Johnsen

{"title":"A maturity model for accident investigation: beyond technical and functional analysis","authors":"Riana Steen , Stig O. Johnsen","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Causality is central to accident investigation, shaping how events are reconstructed, accountability is assigned, and systemic improvements are identified. However, conventional investigations often emphasise procedural and technical sequences, overlooking relational and interpretive dynamics crucial for understanding how systems drift towards failure through the gradual erosion of shared understanding. To examine what this framing may overlook, we revisit the 2018 collision between the Norwegian frigate Helge Ingstad and the tanker Sola TS. We first used FRAM to reconstruct Work-as-Imagined (WAI) and then conducted a sensemaking-informed content analysis to examine Work-as-Done (WAD) based on official reports. While FRAM effectively clarified system function coupling and where variability arose, it offered limited insight into how interpretations diverged or why shared understanding was difficult to sustain. This two-stage analysis revealed critical discrepancies between formal expectations and actual meaning-making. These insights, together with theoretical considerations, informed the development of a four-layer maturity model. The four-layer maturity model, consisting of (i) technical causality, (ii) human performance, (iii) socio-technical interdependencies, and (iv) relational sensemaking grounded in Human Readiness Levels (HRL). This model, with its distinctive fourth analytical layer (iv), shifts attention from functional interactions to how coherence forms—or fails—under pressure. The case was then revisited solely to illustrate how the model reveals relational and interpretive dynamics not captured by functional analysis, thereby avoiding methodological circularity. It highlights silence, saturation, and fragmentation as indicators of a system losing its capacity to adapt its understanding, even when information is available and routines continue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 107108"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The functional resonance analysis method in healthcare: How knowledge is produced within and across scientific communities 医疗保健中的功能共振分析方法：如何在科学界内部和跨科学界产生知识

IF 5.4 1区工程技术

Safety Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107106

O. Lounsbury , L. Pickup , Riccardo Patriarca , Marit S. de Vos , Kate Preston , Mark Sujan

{"title":"The functional resonance analysis method in healthcare: How knowledge is produced within and across scientific communities","authors":"O. Lounsbury , L. Pickup , Riccardo Patriarca , Marit S. de Vos , Kate Preston , Mark Sujan","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) is a valuable tool for understanding and improving complex socio-technical healthcare systems. This Focused Mapping Review and Synthesis (FMRS) explores how the FRAM is used to produce knowledge and create insight about healthcare systems across three scientific communities: safety/engineering, human factors/cognitive science, and healthcare/health services research. We examined 33 included studies and identified key themes in how FRAM is applied within and across communities. The review highlights the critical role of knowledge brokers and boundary spanners in fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge transfer. There is limited epistemological clarity in most studies, which complicates cross-study comparisons and practical application. In addition, most studies are descriptive and do not develop actionable and robust interventions. We argue for greater transparency in epistemological positioning, methodological reflexivity, and the development of reporting guidelines to enhance the consistency and utility of FRAM studies. This review is a conceptual synthesis rather than a proof of concept. Future empirical studies should test whether explicit articulation of epistemological assumptions improves FRAM analyses, using the probes identified in this review as a starting point.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 107106"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The three chairs: How the leaders of risk standards committees influence decision-making and accountability 三个主席：风险标准委员会的领导人如何影响决策和问责制

IF 5.4 1区工程技术

Safety Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107109

Jan Hayes , Martin Inge Standal , Kristine Vedal Størkersen , Sarah Maslen

{"title":"The three chairs: How the leaders of risk standards committees influence decision-making and accountability","authors":"Jan Hayes , Martin Inge Standal , Kristine Vedal Størkersen , Sarah Maslen","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Standardization committees and their chairs sit at the center of standard development, and have influence over the standards’ scope, level of ambition, and framing. However, little is known about how the standard chairs themselves conceptualize and develop the standards. Situated in the literature on standardization and riskwork, we address what standard chairs see as the primary purpose of the standard for which they are responsible, how they conceptualize the usage of the standard, and the implications of their practice for risk management in general. We adopted a collated fieldwork approach, drawing together semi-structured interviews from two studies to look at the accounts of three standard chairs in Australia (AS 2885.6) and Norway (NORSOK Z-013 and NS 5814). We show how all chairs seek to influence the riskwork of direct users of the standards and senior managers. The chairs also emphasize the importance of expert judgement and reflecting on the inherent uncertainty in risk analyses. Chairs view the standards as frameworks rather than prescriptive methods. A good standard thus enables expert judgement, management decision making, and local adaptations while also establishing a rigorous process in risk management. This has implications for selection of standard chairs and for theoretical considerations of what it means to standardize.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 107109"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing PPE delivery and registration through augmented reality technology 通过增强现实技术加强个人防护装备的交付和登记

IF 5.4 1区工程技术

Safety Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107102

José V. Riera , Carlos Reaño , Verónica Romero , Pedro Morillo , Sergio Casas-Yrurzum

{"title":"Enhancing PPE delivery and registration through augmented reality technology","authors":"José V. Riera , Carlos Reaño , Verónica Romero , Pedro Morillo , Sergio Casas-Yrurzum","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In most developed countries, legislation on personal protective equipment (PPE) requires employers not only to provide PPE to their workers but also to record the process in order to ensure adequate traceability. While employers are obligated to register the delivery of PPE, this process is often conducted manually, leading to mistakes and potential inaccuracies. This paper proposes an Augmented Reality (AR)-based system designed to streamline PPE delivery and registration by integrating marker-based recognition, mobile AR visualization, and interactive training modules. The system allows workers to scan PPE items using QR codes, ensuring automated tracking and digital record-keeping, while also providing on-demand safety training videos linked to each piece of equipment. A user study with 45 participants was conducted to evaluate the system’s usability, cognitive workload, and user satisfaction. The results indicate a high usability rating, with a System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 83.5, placing the system in the “excellent” category. The NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) assessment revealed low mental and physical demand, confirming its accessibility for users with varying experience levels. Despite these positive outcomes, challenges such as technological adoption barriers, hardware ergonomics, and scalability concerns were identified. The findings suggest that AR-based PPE management ensures compliance and provides an efficient digital alternative to conventional PPE tracking in construction environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 107102"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitative risk evaluation for construction methods using accident rate analysis based on working days by occupation 基于工种工作日事故率分析的施工方法定量风险评价

IF 5.4 1区工程技术

Safety Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107094

Minwoo Song , Jaewook Jeong , Louis Kumi

{"title":"Quantitative risk evaluation for construction methods using accident rate analysis based on working days by occupation","authors":"Minwoo Song , Jaewook Jeong , Louis Kumi","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Construction projects are among the most dangerous workplaces in modern industries, and the choice of construction methods is highly relevant to worker safety. Therefore, construction project managers must consider safety when selecting a construction method. This paper proposes a procedure for quantitatively calculating the risk of construction methods to provide a reliable indicator for construction project managers. This study was conducted in four steps: (i) Data collection and classification, (ii) calculation of accident rates for each work breakdown structure (WBS) level, (iii) calculation of man-day-based accident rates by occupation type, and (iv) calculation of accident rates for construction methods. When the accident rate per worker was calculated based on man-days, the occupation type related to scaffolding had the highest rate. Finally, the calculation results of the accident rate by construction method using the proposed method confirmed through quantitative metrics that the traditional steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) method has an accident rate approximately 2.6 times higher than the prefabricated steel-reinforced concrete (PSRC) method. The results of this study propose a procedure for calculating the accident rate by occupation type per man-day for each construction method, which is difficult to compute using quantitative methods. This paper provides reliable metrics for decision-making in the selection of construction methods for construction project managers with decision-making authority and proposes a quantitative risk assessment and comparable procedure based on the actual resources required for the various alternative methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 107094"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating interconnections between social considerations and architectural design parameters in post-disaster shelters 调查灾后避难所的社会考虑因素和建筑设计参数之间的相互联系

IF 5.4 1区工程技术

Safety Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107101

Ilias Gkoumas , Theodora Mavridou , Nikolaos Nanos

{"title":"Investigating interconnections between social considerations and architectural design parameters in post-disaster shelters","authors":"Ilias Gkoumas , Theodora Mavridou , Nikolaos Nanos","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural disasters increasingly displace communities worldwide, yet post-disaster shelters often prioritize rapid deployment and cost-efficiency over social well-being. Although existing studies have examined design and social factors separately, few have systematically explored how these domains intersect in shaping user experience and community recovery. This research addresses that gap by investigating the interconnections between key design parameters, shelter size, materials, spatial layout, comfort, and social outcomes including safety, privacy, health, cultural appropriateness, and community participation. Using a structured literature review and qualitative thematic analysis of 84 publications in NVivo, the study identifies consistent patterns that demonstrate how physical design decisions directly influence social well-being. Shelter size was pivotal, as overcrowding undermined privacy, dignity, and health; material choices affected safety and cultural acceptance; layout determined psychological comfort and participation; and environmental comfort supported resilience and emotional stability. By integrating dispersed evidence across disciplines, this research advances current understanding of post-disaster shelter design as both a technical and social process. The findings emphasize that participatory, context-sensitive, and culturally informed design strategies are essential to achieving shelters that support not only immediate protection but also long-term social recovery and dignity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 107101"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collective culture and safety reporting intention: The serial mediation of safety reporting barriers 集体文化与安全报告意愿：安全报告障碍的序列中介作用

IF 5.4 1区工程技术

Safety Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107077

Hoang Thi Kim Quy , Vo Hoang Bao , Tran Dinh Lam Anh

{"title":"Collective culture and safety reporting intention: The serial mediation of safety reporting barriers","authors":"Hoang Thi Kim Quy , Vo Hoang Bao , Tran Dinh Lam Anh","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The vital role of the safety reporting system led this study to explore the influence of collective culture on safety reporting intention. This study adopts a holistic perspective on the barriers hindering aviation workers from reporting safety concerns to examine the role of collective culture on these barriers and their causal effects on safety reporting intention. This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design, using a structured questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 626 employees working in air service providers located in Vietnam, which was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that collective culture significantly increases organizational, workplace, and individual barriers that make employees hesitant to engage in the safety reporting system. Contrary to our expectation, the results highlight that collective culture did not directly reduce employees’ safety reporting intention; instead, collective culture, not merely through direct cultural norms but through a serial mediation of barriers at organizational, workplace, and individual levels, enhanced safety reporting intention. These findings underscore the complex and contextually influenced role of cultural norms in determining safety reporting intention within aviation organizations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 107077"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an evacuation transport model for residents in need of assistance in evacuation during nuclear disasters 为核灾难中需要援助的居民开发疏散运输模型

IF 5.4 1区工程技术

Safety Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2026.107110

Haruka Ohba , Shinya Mizuno

{"title":"Development of an evacuation transport model for residents in need of assistance in evacuation during nuclear disasters","authors":"Haruka Ohba , Shinya Mizuno","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2026.107110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2026.107110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a mathematical optimization model based on the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem to support the efficient transport of ”Residents in Need of Assistance in Evacuation” — such as the elderly and persons with disabilities — during nuclear disasters. The target area is Omaezaki City, Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan, where geographic open data — including census data, elevation data from the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, and OpenStreetMap — were integrated to construct realistic road networks reflecting road accessibility during disasters. In particular, assuming tsunami-induced road flooding, we evaluated the impact of elevation-based road access restrictions on evacuation plans and identifying Residents in Need of Assistance in Evacuation in areas difficult to access. The model was optimized using both a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming approach and a genetic algorithm, and the results showed that Gurobi outperformed Genetic Algorithm in terms of both solution quality and computation time. The proposed model enables the quantitative identification of regions with limited accessibility based on the spatial distribution of home-based Residents in Need of Assistance in Evacuation and terrain characteristics, providing a practical decision support framework for local governments in disaster response planning and resource allocation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 107110"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the functional and acoustical comfort of earplugs experienced by a group of workers in Canadian companies and identification of the influencing variables 分析加拿大公司一组工人使用耳塞的功能和声学舒适性，并确定影响变量

IF 5.4 1区工程技术

Safety Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107098

Bastien Poissenot-Arrigoni , Olivier Doutres , Alessia Negrini , Djamal Berbiche , Franck Sgard

{"title":"Analysis of the functional and acoustical comfort of earplugs experienced by a group of workers in Canadian companies and identification of the influencing variables","authors":"Bastien Poissenot-Arrigoni , Olivier Doutres , Alessia Negrini , Djamal Berbiche , Franck Sgard","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.107098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earplugs are essential for hearing protection in noisy workplaces, but their effectiveness depends heavily on user comfort, which influences proper and consistent use. This study explores functional and acoustical comfort experienced by 173 workers across Canadian companies, each testing different ’disposable or reusable’ earplug models over seven weeks. Comfort is assessed using detailed questionnaires covering six subdimensions: ease of insertion and removal, noise protection, impact on work, and discomfort related to internal and external noise perception. Linear mixed-effects models are applied within a triad framework encompassing person-, earplug-, and environment-related characteristics in order to identify those with a significant influence on functional and acoustical comfort. Results show that person-related variables are the most influential. Handedness, hearing loss, and prior HPD experience significantly impact comfort, with left-handed participants reporting greater insertion and removal discomfort—possibly due to earcanal asymmetry and dexterity differences. Several earcanal morphological features also play a role, including isoperimetric ratios, circumference at multiple cross-sections, conicity, and length. Only a few earplug-specific characteristics influence comfort outcomes. Foam expansion time is linked to reduced acoustical discomfort associated with the perception of internal sounds, while stem presence improves insertion ease. Environmental factors do not have significant effects. In the longer term, these findings call for a rethinking of the design and selection of ’disposable or reusable’ earplugs, primarily based on earcanal morphology and users’ past experience. The study also underscores the need for improved objective metrics to assess comfort and supports the development of more personalized hearing protection solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 107098"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0