RhinologyPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.4193/Rhin24.568
S Santarsiero, E Sitzia, F Majo, G Marini, L Sinibaldi, G Cristalli, R Cutrera, A G Fiocchi, F Ciciriello, M C Artesani
{"title":"The CFTR gene variants in paediatric nasal polyposis: a study in the Italian population.","authors":"S Santarsiero, E Sitzia, F Majo, G Marini, L Sinibaldi, G Cristalli, R Cutrera, A G Fiocchi, F Ciciriello, M C Artesani","doi":"10.4193/Rhin24.568","DOIUrl":"10.4193/Rhin24.568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a relatively uncommon condition in the paediatric population, with a prevalence estimated at 0.1-0.8%, compared to approximately 4% in adults (1, 2). The early onset of CRSwNP emphasises the significant role of genetic factors in its pathophysiology (3). Approximately 20% of paediatric patients with CRSwNP are associated with systemic genetic disorders, with cystic fibrosis (CF) being the most prevalent (2). CF is characterised by a dysfunction of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Over 2,000 distinct CFTR variants have been identified, resulting in varying organ involvement and disease severity. In 2000, the World Health Organization introduced the term \"CFTR-related disorders\" (CFTR-RDs) to include clinical entities associated with CFTR dysfunction that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for CF (4). CFTR-RDs include congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD), recurrent pancreatitis (RP), and disseminated bronchiectasis (DB). However, recent studies emphasised a significant prevalence of heterozygous CFTR pathogenic variants in paediatric and adult CRSwNP populations without CF (4-8). We assessed the prevalence of CFTR variants in a paediatric population with CRSwNP.</p>","PeriodicalId":21361,"journal":{"name":"Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"507-509"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RhinologyPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.4193/Rhin23.499
M Kawabata, E Mori, N Yanagi, M Tei, N Otori
{"title":"Olfactory disorder after COVID-19 vaccination.","authors":"M Kawabata, E Mori, N Yanagi, M Tei, N Otori","doi":"10.4193/Rhin23.499","DOIUrl":"10.4193/Rhin23.499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review examines 16 reported cases of olfactory disorders occurring after COVID-19 vaccination. Symptoms such as anosmia, parosmia, hyposmia, ageusia, and dysgeusia appeared within one week of vaccination. Among the 16 patients (12 women, 4 men; mean age 38 years), 9 received the Pfizer mRNA vaccine, 6 received the AstraZeneca viral vector vaccine, and 1 received the Moderna mRNA vaccine. Symptoms persisted from 4 days to 18 months, with varying degrees of severity. Diagnoses were made using Sniffin’ Sticks tests and T&T olfactometry, mosty revealing mild hyposmia. Treatment included vitamin B12, multivitamins, olfactory training, Kampo formula, and, in some cases, corticosteroids. The hypothesized mechanism involves inflammatory responses triggered by spike protein interaction with the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on macrophages. Given the lack of definitive diagnostic methods, careful clinical evaluation is essential to rule out other causes such as subclinical COVID-19 infection. While olfactory disorders have been reported after vaccination, no direct causal relationship has been established.Further research is needed to clarify underlying mechanisms and contributing factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21361,"journal":{"name":"Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"441-447"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RhinologyPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.4193/Rhin24.355
C-H Chen, C-F Shih, T Hummel, Y-T Chao
{"title":"Multidimensional benefits of olfactory training for chronic COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"C-H Chen, C-F Shih, T Hummel, Y-T Chao","doi":"10.4193/Rhin24.355","DOIUrl":"10.4193/Rhin24.355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Olfactory dysfunction is commonly observed in patients with COVID-19 infection. Chronic olfactory dysfunction can have a profound effect on one’s quality of life. Olfactory training (OT) is a rehabilitation therapy, which has emerged as a viable treatment for COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction. Our primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of OT for individuals with chronic COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search was performed on the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from their inception through Feb 24, 2024. Eligible studies included those with sufficient information for meta-analysis pertaining to the effectiveness of OT performed for more than 8 weeks in treating chronic (duration > 16 weeks) COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a systematic review of all relevant articles, 9 studies qualified for inclusion. A total of 179 patients within 7 studies had eligible Sniffin' Sticks test data. The pooled results showed significant post-OT increases in TDI score, threshold, discrimination, and identification. Two studies documented qualified UPSIT scores in 63 patients. Pooled results of all identification tests revealed significant improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OT demonstrates benefits in treating chronic COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction, as evidenced by multidimensional evaluations. These findings suggest the involvement of both top-down and bottom-up mechanisms in the recovery process.</p>","PeriodicalId":21361,"journal":{"name":"Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"431-440"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RhinologyPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.4193/Rhin25.132
S D Le Bon, J Plojoux, Y Coattrenec, B N Landis
{"title":"Concomitant cystic fibrosis and NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease.","authors":"S D Le Bon, J Plojoux, Y Coattrenec, B N Landis","doi":"10.4193/Rhin25.132","DOIUrl":"10.4193/Rhin25.132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps occurs in 6-57% of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). According to the EPOS 2020 guidelines, CF-related CRS is classified as secondary diffuse, non-type-2 CRS. In contrast, most nasal polyposis in the general population is associated with primary, type-2 CRS. This educationally-oriented classification system facilitates the categorization of CRS in distinct groups. However, it may suggest that each type of CRS is caused by a single underlying mechanism, potentially leading clinicians to overlook that, in reality, multiple factors can drive CRS development. The incidence of CRS stemming from multiple etiologies remains currently underexplored. We report an illustrative case of a CF patient with concomitant NSAID-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (NERD), necessitating two distinct targeted therapies to achieve effective symptomatic relief.</p>","PeriodicalId":21361,"journal":{"name":"Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"505-506"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RhinologyPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.4193/Rhin24.522
Y Wu, Y Xue, M Zheng, H Wu, Y Zhang, Q Cai, T Zhao
{"title":"The use of fascia lata can minimize olfactory damage in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.","authors":"Y Wu, Y Xue, M Zheng, H Wu, Y Zhang, Q Cai, T Zhao","doi":"10.4193/Rhin24.522","DOIUrl":"10.4193/Rhin24.522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of using fascia lata versus a nasoseptal flap for skull base repair on olfactory function following endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETA) or the extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EEETA) were included in this study. The study included 80 patients who underwent skull base defect repair using fascia lata, while the control group consisted of 160 patients who underwent skull base defect repair using a nasoseptal flap. Preoperative demographic data, skull base repair techniques, postoperative sinonasal symptoms and the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Olfactory dysfunction was significantly worse at 3, 6 and12 months after surgery than before surgery in the nasoseptal flap repair group, although olfactory function partially recovered at 12 months after surgery. Additionally, we found that non-validated visual analogue scale (VAS, 0â€\"100 mm) and validated cross-cultural smell identification test (CC-SIT) and the butanol threshold test (BTT) olfactory impairment at 12 months after surgery were significantly worse in the nasoseptal flap repair group than in the fascia lata repair group. Furthermore, no significant difference in the incidence of CSF leakage was noted between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For endoscopic endonasal surgery, the use of a nasoseptal flap for skull base repair can cause severe olfactory impairment. The use of fascia lata for skull base repair can be considered an alternative method to minimize damage to olfactory function.</p>","PeriodicalId":21361,"journal":{"name":"Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"463-469"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RhinologyPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.4193/Rhin24.541
R J Schlosser, M J Gregoski, M A Eckert, A Benitez, Z M Soler
{"title":"The 4 item Concise Aging adults Smell Test (4CAST) to screen for olfactory-related comorbidities.","authors":"R J Schlosser, M J Gregoski, M A Eckert, A Benitez, Z M Soler","doi":"10.4193/Rhin24.541","DOIUrl":"10.4193/Rhin24.541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is associated with numerous comorbidities, including cognitive decline and depression. Age-related OD is one of the most common causes of smell loss, but it is often underrecognized. In previous research the 4 item Concise Aging adults Smell Test (4CAST) accurately predicted psychophysical olfactory function in over 80% of older adults. This study examined the relationship of 4CAST to olfactory-related comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cohort of adults over 50 years of age completed the 4CAST. Its association with olfactory-related comorbidities was assessed using: 1) National Institutes of Health Toolbox -Cognition Battery; 2) Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (QOD-NS); 3) Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ9); 4) DeJong Giervald (DJG) social isolation scale; and 5) Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants who failed the 4CAST had worse median scores for all measures of fluid cognition, QOD-NS, and PHQ9. Of participants who failed the 4CAST, 24-39% had cognition scores suggestive of possible cognitive impairment. Participant’s 4CAST results did not differ in crystallized cognition (Picture Vocabulary Test), total DJG and MNA scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 4CAST is a quick screening instrument that may indicate psychophysical OD in older adults and identify olfactory-related comorbidities (i.e. cognitive decline, depression) that may merit further in-depth assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":21361,"journal":{"name":"Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"470-476"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RhinologyPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.4193/Rhin10.4193/Rhin24.369
A L Winter, S Henecke, E Thunell, M Swartz, J Martinsen, P Sahlstrand Johnson, J N Lundstrom
{"title":"Olfactory training using nasal inserts is more effective due to increased adherence.","authors":"A L Winter, S Henecke, E Thunell, M Swartz, J Martinsen, P Sahlstrand Johnson, J N Lundstrom","doi":"10.4193/Rhin10.4193/Rhin24.369","DOIUrl":"10.4193/Rhin10.4193/Rhin24.369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The recommended treatment for hyposmia (a clinically reduced sense of smell) is olfactory training using odor containers that the patients smell twice a day for several weeks. Adherence to the olfactory training regimen is, however, generally low. We aimed to investigate if a new form of odor delivery, using scented nasal inserts, could enhance adherence to olfactory training by allowing participants to be mobile during the training and thereby lower the perceived intrusion on everyday life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a randomized controlled parallel-group design, individuals (N = 116) with hyposmia underwent 8 weeks of olfactory training. One group was assigned olfactory training using scented nasal inserts (nasal devices that retain nasal patency) while the other group was assigned the standard care regimen currently recommended by the Swedish healthcare system. We assessed objective and subjective olfactory ability before and after olfactory training as well as adherence to training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups significantly improved both their objective and subjective olfactory abilities, and training with nasal inserts produced similar improvement as standard care in overall treatment outcome. However, there was a significantly greater increase in discrimination performance and lower dropout rate (6.7%) in the nasal insert compared to the standard care group (23.2%). Critically, after exclusion of the drop-out participants, the nasal insert group still showed significantly higher adherence to the training regimen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Olfactory training with nasal inserts could serve as a more effective form of treatment for hyposmia due to patients' improved adherence to protocol and increased tendency to finish their treatment regimen.</p>","PeriodicalId":21361,"journal":{"name":"Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"477-485"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RhinologyPub Date : 2025-07-29DOI: 10.4193/Rhin24.204
P W Hellings, D Bertossi, C Cingi, S Claeys, J Constantinidis, D M Conti, A D'Souza, F Declau, H Foda, W Fokkens, P Gevaert, W Gubisch, S Halewyck, P Lekakis, G Liva, A Mesbahi, C Mcintosh, G Nolst Trenité, V Picavet, E Prokopakis, E Robotti, S Vandenbroeck, A Van Hoolst, T Vansweevelt, W Wagner
{"title":"Rhino(septo)plasty Informed Consent. Consensus by the European Rhinoplasty Course Faculty-EUFOREA.","authors":"P W Hellings, D Bertossi, C Cingi, S Claeys, J Constantinidis, D M Conti, A D'Souza, F Declau, H Foda, W Fokkens, P Gevaert, W Gubisch, S Halewyck, P Lekakis, G Liva, A Mesbahi, C Mcintosh, G Nolst Trenité, V Picavet, E Prokopakis, E Robotti, S Vandenbroeck, A Van Hoolst, T Vansweevelt, W Wagner","doi":"10.4193/Rhin24.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin24.204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients seeking rhino(septo)plasty need to be adequately informed by their surgeon or surgical team members about the procedure, the expected outcomes, complication risks and post-operative care, and the available alternatives. A consensus on the content of an informed consent in rhino(septo)plasty is currently lacking despite the high unmet need.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The extended international faculty of the European Rhinoplasty Course in Brussels organized by EUFOREA has generated an overview of the current literature on rhinoplasty outcomes and complication rates, and available informed consents. A proposal for informed consent was elaborated, consensus reached and checked for legal validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An overview of reported outcomes and complication rates of rhino(septo)plasty are provided. Additionally, contents of existing consent forms for rhino(septo)plasty surgery are compared with requirements found in literature on informed consent, leading to a proposal of informed consent including relevant information according to expert consensus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An informed consent form for rhino(septo)plasty is proposed by the international faculty of the European Rhinoplasty Course, that might serve rhinoplasty surgeons in the development of their informd consent documents.</p>","PeriodicalId":21361,"journal":{"name":"Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RhinologyPub Date : 2025-07-29DOI: 10.4193/Rhin25.048
T Kumai, M Kono, R Sato, T Terazawa, R Hayashi, T Inoue, R Wakisaka, H Komatsuda, H Yamaki, K Ohara, T Nagato, K Kishibe, Y Takewa, M Takahara
{"title":"Combined European and Japanese criteria to diagnose eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.","authors":"T Kumai, M Kono, R Sato, T Terazawa, R Hayashi, T Inoue, R Wakisaka, H Komatsuda, H Yamaki, K Ohara, T Nagato, K Kishibe, Y Takewa, M Takahara","doi":"10.4193/Rhin25.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin25.048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recurrence of nasal polyps has frequently been observed with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), especially with asthma and N-ERD (NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease). Patients with eosinophilic tissue infiltration are diagnosed as having eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), a unique CRSwNP subtype. Since the terminology of CRSwNP might include the patients with inflammatory polyps in addition to ECRS, the classification of CRSwNP by endotype is necessary to select the patients who require T2I-targeted biologic treatments. The concept of ECRS was established in 2001. However, a global consensus has not been reached regarding its definition due to the lack of standard histopathologic criteria and methodology for its classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":21361,"journal":{"name":"Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RhinologyPub Date : 2025-07-29DOI: 10.4193/Rhin25.112
Y Tu, T Jiang, G Zhao, L Xiao, L Shi, F Zhong, A Chen
{"title":"Negative pressure drainage vs. nasal packing after septoplasty: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Y Tu, T Jiang, G Zhao, L Xiao, L Shi, F Zhong, A Chen","doi":"10.4193/Rhin25.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin25.112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Negative pressure drainage is a commonly used method in surgery, but studies applying negative pressure drainage in septoplasty are relatively few.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare negative pressure drainage and nasal packing after septoplasty. Patients with nasal septal deviation underwent septoplasty from November 2023 to March 2024 were enrolled. Symptom scores and quality of life scores were assessed on postoperative day 1, day 5, and at 1 month to evaluate postoperative comfort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 95 patients completed the study, the median (IQR) age was 29 (21, 43) years, and 73 (77%) identified as male. 48 (51%) patients were randomized to nasal packing group and 47 (49%) to negative pressure group. On postoperative day 1, the negative pressure group showed significantly lower symptom scores for nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, olfactory dysfunction, headache, eye discomfort, ear fullness, and better quality of life compared to the packing group. On postoperative day 5, the negative pressure group showed significantly lower scores for olfactory dysfunction and ear fullness compared to the packing group. There was no significant difference in effective rate and postoperative complications rate between negative pressure group and packing group. The cost-effectiveness ratio for the negative pressure group was significantly lower than the packing group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Negative pressure drainage after septoplasty significantly improves postoperative comfort in the first days after surgery, without affecting surgical efficacy or safety, and helps reduce medical costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21361,"journal":{"name":"Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}