Rubber Chemistry and Technology最新文献_第2页

STRESS CONCENTRATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH RUBBER TO METAL BONDS 与橡胶和金属键有关的应力集中

4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.5254/rct-23.611182

Julia Gough, A H Muhr

引用次数: 0

Characterisation of Sticky Debris Generated During Smear Wear 涂抹磨损过程中产生的粘性碎屑的特征

4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.5254/rct-23.236012

Guangchang Wu, Paul Sotta, Menglong Huang, Lewis B Tunnicliffe, James JC Busfield

引用次数: 0

Data-Driven Identification of hyperelastic models by measuring the strain energy density field 基于应变能密度场的超弹性模型数据驱动识别

4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.5254/rct-23.386903

Léna Costecalde, Adrien Leygue, Michel Coret, Erwan Verron

{"title":"Data-Driven Identification of hyperelastic models by measuring the strain energy density field","authors":"Léna Costecalde, Adrien Leygue, Michel Coret, Erwan Verron","doi":"10.5254/rct-23.386903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct-23.386903","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel method for accurately identifying the large strain elastic response of elastomeric materials. The method combines the Data-Driven Identification (DDI) algorithm with a unique heterogeneous experiment, deviating from the conventional approach of conducting multiple simple experiments. The primary objective of the method is to decouple the experimental process from the fitting technique, relying instead on a single comprehensive experiment to generate an extensive collection of stress and strain energy fields. This collection is then utilized in conjunction with a standard fitting technique to determine the parameters of hyperelastic models. Notably, the approach places significant emphasis on the strain energy density field as a critical factor in model identification, as it encompasses the full material response within a single scalar quantity. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a proofof-concept is provided using synthetic data. The results highlight the efficiency of the method and emphasize the importance of incorporating the strain energy density field for precise model identification, surpassing the reliance on stress data alone. Additionally, the paper introduces several graphical tools to evaluate and analyze the quality of both the generated mechanical fields and the identification results. The proposed approach offers a more comprehensive representation of the material behavior, and enhances the reliability and prediction capabilities of hyperelastic material models. It holds significant potential for advancing the field of solid mechanics, particularly in accurately characterizing the mechanical responses of elastomeric materials.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":"41 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating dependence of elastomeric fracture on temperature and rate 研究弹性断裂与温度和速率的关系

4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.5254/rct-23.033084

Shi-Qing Wang, Zehao Fan

{"title":"Investigating dependence of elastomeric fracture on temperature and rate","authors":"Shi-Qing Wang, Zehao Fan","doi":"10.5254/rct-23.033084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct-23.033084","url":null,"abstract":"Decades of elastomeric fracture phenomenology due to Thomas and Smith demonstrated a remarkable fact that rubbers are stronger and tougher at lower temperatures. The prevailing explanation relates the fracture behavior to polymer viscoelasticity. Given the recent insight and evidence that toughness is determined by strength, we examine elastomeric fracture with a different perspective and conclude that chain scission dictates fracture characteristics including its temperature dependence. Working within a selected temperature range, stretching is shown to be entirely elastic at stretching rate below 0.17 s-1, we demonstrate that the same temperature and rate dependencies of strength and toughness, observed by Thomas and Smith, still occur in our crosslinked polybutadiene (BR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). The temperature effects on rate dependence of strength and toughness are found to be much stronger than that prescribed by the WLF shift factor aT. Moreover, crack propagates, upon either stepwise stretching or during creep, at a much lower speed at lower temperature that cannot be rationalized with polymer relaxation dynamics. Our new interpretation is that a carbon-carbon bond is stronger at a lower temperature, equivalently, it takes a longer time for a covalent bond to undergo dissociation in tension because available thermal energy is proportional to temperature T.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A MICROSCOPY INVESTIGATION OF RUBBER COMPOUND CRACK PRECURSORS AND TENSILE FRACTURE SURFACES 橡胶复合裂纹前兆及拉伸断口的显微研究

4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.5254/rct-23.201163

Lewis B. Tunnicliffe, Christopher G. Robertson, William V. Mars

{"title":"A MICROSCOPY INVESTIGATION OF RUBBER COMPOUND CRACK PRECURSORS AND TENSILE FRACTURE SURFACES","authors":"Lewis B. Tunnicliffe, Christopher G. Robertson, William V. Mars","doi":"10.5254/rct-23.201163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct-23.201163","url":null,"abstract":"Tensile stress-strain testing is used to investigate fracture behavior of carbon black-reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber, using 50 replicate specimens. Four vulcanized rubber compounds are studied: a CB-filled SBR with standard mixing conditions (Control); the same formulation with intentional poor mixing of the CB; and materials identical to the control material but formed by adding minor amounts of 0.5 mm diameter glass microspheres (beads) – serving as large model defects/inclusions - using a two-roll mill at two levels corresponding to average values of 0.78 and 6.24 beads per gauge section region of the tensile test specimen. This paper focuses on microscopy analysis of the resulting fracture surfaces to complement our recent publication on Weibull failure statistics for distributions of tensile strength and crack precursor size (Polymers 12, 203 (2020)). All 200 fractured specimens from tensile testing at 23°C are imaged with light microscopy and exhibit fracture surfaces that are characterized by relatively smooth planes that are perpendicular to the uniaxial loading direction. The majority of tensile failures originate from the edges of the dumbbell specimens, in line with expectations from fracture mechanics. Light microscopy reveals concentric fracture ring features of high specular reflectance emanating from crack precursors, which are a universal feature of the failure process for these compounds and independent of precursor type, size, or location. Non-contact interferometric microscopy confirms that the rings are the result of variations in surface micro-roughness; proceeding outwards from the precursor as rough-smooth-rough to the edge of the fracture surface. Fracture rings are also observed for tensile tests performed at 80°C. The variation in surface roughness of the fracture surface has parallels to the stick-slip tearing behavior seen for rubbers torn at medium to high rates. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that such striking features have been reported.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of the Mixture Viscosity on Mechanical Anisotropy and Processability of an NBR-Based Rubber Mixture for Additive Manufacturing 混合料粘度对增材制造用nbr基橡胶混合料力学各向异性和加工性的影响

4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.5254/rct-23.228315

Lion Sundermann, Benjamin Klie, Heike Wittek, Thomas Ebel, Kathrin Ottink, Ulrich Giese

{"title":"Influence of the Mixture Viscosity on Mechanical Anisotropy and Processability of an NBR-Based Rubber Mixture for Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Lion Sundermann, Benjamin Klie, Heike Wittek, Thomas Ebel, Kathrin Ottink, Ulrich Giese","doi":"10.5254/rct-23.228315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct-23.228315","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rubber-based polymers with high carbon black content can be three-dimensionally (3D) printed using the additive manufacturing of elastomers process. However, high-viscosity materials limit printing resolution, making it difficult to produce fine structures and high-precision parts, especially two-component (2K) parts. The viscosity of a rubber compound used for rod seal applications was reduced and adjusted using Nipol® 1312 liquid rubber and the alkyl sulfonic phenyl ester Mesamoll® II as plasticizers to lower the torque level during extrusion when a reduced nozzle diameter of 0.4 mm is used in 3D printing. In addition, the flowability of the compound was enhanced prior to vulcanization of the part, which could increase the layer–layer bond and thus reduce the mechanical anisotropy typically induced by fused filament fabrication. Using a viscosity-optimized rubber compound, a 2K rod seal consisting of a thermoplastic polyurethane with elastomeric properties and an acrylonitrile rubber-based O-ring was produced and dynamically tested for leakage.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136057958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comparison of phenomenlogical and micromechanical friction formulations including temperature effects 包括温度效应的现象和微机械摩擦公式的比较

4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.5254/rct-23.461877

Thomas Berger, Sangro Park, Wonhyuck Lee, Michael Kaliske

{"title":"A comparison of phenomenlogical and micromechanical friction formulations including temperature effects","authors":"Thomas Berger, Sangro Park, Wonhyuck Lee, Michael Kaliske","doi":"10.5254/rct-23.461877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct-23.461877","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tires are the only contact points between vehicle and road and are mainly responsible for the driving safety. In the recent past, two different classes of friction formulations are predominant. Phenomenological approaches formulate a mathematical expression to describe the experimental results. By knowledge and experience, the formulations interpolate and extrapolate the behaviour captured by experiments. However, the formulations are highly dependent on the quality of the experiments and its influence factors. Therefore, a second class of friction models have been introduced, micromechanical approaches. The friction kinematics is described based on the deformation of the rubber in the contact zone, while sliding over a generalized surface. The basic idea is to obtain the friction coefficient solely by the surface properties and the material behaviour. As both approaches have advantages and disadvantages, it is hard to distinguish, which is more suitable to use in a certain application. In this contribution, different friction formulations are discussed and compared to each other. The mechanical behaviour of rubber is strongly influenced by temperature and so are its friction characteristics. Therefore, the friction formulations are expanded with respect to temperature. The discussed temperature dependent friction formulations are compared to each other for tire cornering simulations. The decrease of the cornering stiffness at large slip angles can be explained by friction induced temperature increase in the contact zone.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF NR/NBR BLEND BY INTRODUCING INTERFACIAL CROSSLINKS USING BISMALEIMIDE DURING THE INITIAL PHASE OF ACCELERATED SULFUR CURING 通过在硫磺加速固化的初始阶段使用双马来酰亚胺引入界面交联来改善 nr/nbr 混合物的性能

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5254/rct23.948326

M. Pöschl, S. G. Sathi, R. Stoček

引用次数: 0

IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF A POLY (ACRYLONITRILE-CO-BUTADIENE)/NATURAL RUBBER BLEND BY INTRODUCING INTERFACIAL CROSSLINKS USING BISMALEIMIDE DURING THE INITIAL PHASE OF ACCELERATED SULFUR CURING 通过在硫加速硫化初期引入双马来酰亚胺的界面交联，改善了聚丙烯腈-共丁二烯/天然橡胶共混物的性能

4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.5254/rct-23.948326

Marek Pöschl, Shibulal G. Sathi, Radek Stoček

{"title":"IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF A POLY (ACRYLONITRILE-CO-BUTADIENE)/NATURAL RUBBER BLEND BY INTRODUCING INTERFACIAL CROSSLINKS USING BISMALEIMIDE DURING THE INITIAL PHASE OF ACCELERATED SULFUR CURING","authors":"Marek Pöschl, Shibulal G. Sathi, Radek Stoček","doi":"10.5254/rct-23.948326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct-23.948326","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To develop a technologically compatible blend of natural rubber (NR) and acrylonitrile-co-butadiene rubber (NBR) is always a challenge due to their polarity mismatch. As a result, the physico-mechanical properties of their blends will be generally poor. To address this issue, an attempt was made to increase the uniform distribution of crosslinks across the blend phases at the time of molding at 170 °C. A cure composition consisting of sulfur (S) and a delayed-action accelerator (N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide: CBS) has been designed to co-crosslink both phases of the blend simultaneously. The tensile properties, particularly the tensile strength (TS) of the blend cured by this method were superior (approximately 371% greater) than the TS of the blend cured using a combination of S/CBS and an ultrafast accelerator (Tetramethylthiuram disulfide, TMTD). A bifunctional maleimide (Maleide F) was also employed in conjunction with S/CBS in the curing recipe to further improve the distribution of sulfidic crosslinks by reducing the interfacial tension between the NR and NBR phases via Alder-ene reaction.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Cord-Rubber Composite Response Using the Nonlinear Continuum Damage Mechanics Approach 基于非线性连续损伤力学方法的索-橡胶复合材料响应分析

4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.5254/rct-23.361055

Mahmoud C Assaad, Ming Du, Tom Ebbott

{"title":"Analysis of Cord-Rubber Composite Response Using the Nonlinear Continuum Damage Mechanics Approach","authors":"Mahmoud C Assaad, Ming Du, Tom Ebbott","doi":"10.5254/rct-23.361055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct-23.361055","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The phenomenon of damage observed in cord-rubber composite laminates is the result of deformation, heat, chemical damage and fracture. The micro cracks and the initial voids, present before any load is applied, grow through the mechanism of coalescence and generate permanent macroscopic cracks. A damage approach is proposed to describe the cumulative effects and damage evolution under cyclic loading, thermal and chemical impact. The approach parallels the Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) approach advocated by Kachanov and Rabotnov (ref.1, 2) It is a phenomenological model which depends on laboratory testing to describe the evolution of damage and contains one scalar parameter to describe the collective effect of material damage. The following analysis is based on the premise that the cyclic interlaminar shear strain, coupled with the running temperature at the free edge is the primary cause of damage. The model constants were derived from an S-N curve at room temperature. The temperature effect on the material damage was accounted for by an Arrhenius shift function of the S-N curve. Numerical simulation of a composite laminate was conducted using the user subroutine UMAT in ABAQUS. The results presented reflect the accuracy of the proposed methodology to predict the location of the ensuing damage, and the path of the damage propagation.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135245927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0