Rubber Chemistry and Technology最新文献

FUNDAMENTAL APPROACH TO PREDICT TIRE AIR PRESSURE LOSS OVER TIME 预测轮胎气压随时间变化的基本方法

IF 1.2 4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.5254/rct.24.00015

Mahmoud C. Assaad

引用次数: 0

The Predictions And Verifications Of Universal Cooperative Relaxation And Diffusion In Materials 材料中普遍合作松弛和扩散的预测与验证

IF 1.2 4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.5254/rct.24.00023

K. L. Ngai

{"title":"The Predictions And Verifications Of Universal Cooperative Relaxation And Diffusion In Materials","authors":"K. L. Ngai","doi":"10.5254/rct.24.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct.24.00023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Since its inception in 1979 the Coupling Model has predictions on the dynamic properties of relaxation and diffusion that should be universal in materials with many-body interactions. The verifications of this bold prediction require the studies of many different relaxation and diffusion processes in diverse kinds of material. These tasks performed over the past four decades have culminated in the overwhelming confirmation of the predictions as reported in the extensive review by the author published in Prog. Mater. Sci., 139, 101130 (2023). A large variety of relaxation and diffusion processes in widely different classes of materials are shown to have the predicted universal properties. In particular for polymers, the local segmental relaxation responsible for glass transition conforms to the universal properties. However, not known is whether diffusion of the entangled chains in high molecular weight polymers also follows the same or not. In this paper, published data of diffusion of entangled polymer chains from experiments and simulations are reexamined and reevaluated to show indeed that they are in conformity with the universal properties. The same conclusion holds also for diffusion and rheology of entangled cyclic polymers. This paper is written as a tribute to C. Michael Roland for his scientific collaborations and camaraderie with the author over many years.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Modification of the Extended Tube Model (METM) for the Characterization of Filled Vulcanizates 用于表征填充硫化胶的扩展管模型 (METM) 的修改

IF 1.2 4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.5254/rct.24.00021

Claus Wrana, Robert Eberlein

{"title":"A Modification of the Extended Tube Model (METM) for the Characterization of Filled Vulcanizates","authors":"Claus Wrana, Robert Eberlein","doi":"10.5254/rct.24.00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct.24.00021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of this study is to develop a material model for filled vulcanizates that is physically justifiable. This model builds upon the established extended tube model and is incorporated into a finite element program. The research demonstrates that the intrinsic deformation concept is inadequate for describing nonlinear deformation behavior under the assumption of incompressible, isotropic materials. Consequently, an alternative approach is proposed, employing a strain function rather than direct use of principal strains, to characterize reinforcement behavior. This strain function aligns with the first invariant of the right Cauchy-Green strain tensor over a wide deformation range. At minor deformations, the entanglements’ contribution is considered through an additional reinforcement term. The reinforcement function is depicted as a sum of three elements, each representing reinforcement at different strain levels: low, medium, and high. Experimental comparisons show that the Modified Extended Tube Model (METM) effectively captures the stress-strain response of filled systems across all deformation levels. Furthermore, the reinforcement function parameters, derived from fitting the METM to experimental data, offer a quantitative assessment of the fillers’ reinforcing effects, while the extended tube model parameters reflect the network characteristics.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development Of Hydrogenated Styrene Butadiene Rubber Based Vulcanizates With Superior Tyre Tread Performance 开发具有优异轮胎胎面性能的氢化丁苯橡胶硫化弹性体

IF 1.2 4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.5254/rct.24.00014

Tuhin Dolui, J. Chanda, P. Ghosh, R. Mukhopadhyay, S. Banerjee

{"title":"Development Of Hydrogenated Styrene Butadiene Rubber Based Vulcanizates With Superior Tyre Tread Performance","authors":"Tuhin Dolui, J. Chanda, P. Ghosh, R. Mukhopadhyay, S. Banerjee","doi":"10.5254/rct.24.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct.24.00014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Currently, the tyre industry is inclining towards the eco-friendly tyres with improved rolling resistance, traction, abrasion resistance and fatigue properties. The present study investigates the potentiality of the hydrogenated styrene butadiene rubber (HSBR), a special and modified grade of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) as a tyre tread material. The rheological, mechanical, dynamic mechanical, abrasion resistance, fatigue resistance, ageing resistance and ozone resistance of the developed HSBR based composites were critically evaluated and compared with the conventional rubber based compounds, such as natural rubber (NR), emulsion styrene butadiene rubber (ESBR) and solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR).Interestingly, it was observed that HSBR based vulcanizates exhibited superior modulus, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, fatigue crack growth resistance, resistance to thermo-oxidative ageing and ozone resistance as compared to the conventional SBRs based vulcanizates. The modulus at 300% elongation of the HSBR based vulcanizate was ∼74% and ∼11% higher than that of the ESBR and SSBR based composites, respectively. Whereas, the improvements in tensile strength were ∼ 88% and ∼64% and the improvements in abrasion resistance were ∼250% and ∼200% than that of the ESBR and SSBR, respectively. The tensile strength and fatigue resistance characteristics of the HSBR vulcanizate were also nearly similar to those of the NR vulcanizate. Thus, this work demonstrates that HSBR can be a potential tyre tread material with robust physico-mechanical properties and durability.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Graphene as an Antioxidant and Antiozonant in Tire Sidewall Compounds 石墨烯作为轮胎侧壁化合物的抗氧化剂和抗臭氧剂

IF 1.2 4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.5254/rct.23.00042

Doug Paschall, A. Halasa, Brendan Rodgers

{"title":"Graphene as an Antioxidant and Antiozonant in Tire Sidewall Compounds","authors":"Doug Paschall, A. Halasa, Brendan Rodgers","doi":"10.5254/rct.23.00042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct.23.00042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Tire sidewalls have an important function in achieving optimized tire performance. The sidewall compound must show good abrasion resistance, aging resistance, tear strength, low hysteresis and minimal contribution to whole tire rolling resistance, and good adhesion to adjacent components in the tire. In addition, in both the original equipment, or OE market and the premium performance markets, appearance is also of considerable importance.\u0000 The current system of waxes, antioxidants, and phenyl diamine antiozonants are very effective in meeting the need of the tire end-user. However recent concerns centered on environmental impact of N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine and specifically 6PPD, and staining and discoloration of the tire sidewall surface raise issues that should be addressed. Specialized grades of graphene can offer a mechanism by which tire appearance and environmental questions can be overcome. Pristine graphene can improve compound resistance of ozonolysis and oxidation by both replacing the current antiozonants and antioxidants used in tire compounds, improve tire sidewall appearance, and also improve tire sidewall resistance to scuffing, abrasion, and tearing.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A NOVEL SBS COMPOUND VIA BLENDING WITH PS-B-PMBL DIBLOCK COPOLYMER FOR ENHANCED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 一种通过与 PS-B-PMBL 二嵌段共聚物共混来提高机械性能的新型 SBS 化合物

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.5254/rct.23.00037

Friso G. Versteeg, Ariq Raharjanto, Daniele Parisi, Francesco Picchioni

{"title":"A NOVEL SBS COMPOUND VIA BLENDING WITH PS-B-PMBL DIBLOCK COPOLYMER FOR ENHANCED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES","authors":"Friso G. Versteeg, Ariq Raharjanto, Daniele Parisi, Francesco Picchioni","doi":"10.5254/rct.23.00037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct.23.00037","url":null,"abstract":"Styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) rubbers are one of the most frequently used thermoplastic elastomers globally. The upper operating temperature of SBS is limited by the glass transition temperature (Tg) of poly(styrene) (PS), circa 100 °C. This study demonstrates a noteworthy enhancement in the properties of SBSs by introducing a diblock copolymer consisting of styrene and α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (α-MBL). Polymers derived from α-MBL exhibit exceptional thermal stability, attributable to a Tg of 195 °C. Notably, α-MBL, also recognized as Tulipalin A, is a biorenewable compound naturally found in tulips. This investigation encompasses both crosslinked and noncrosslinked blends of poly(styrene)-block-poly(α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) diblock copolymer (PS-b-PMBL) and poly(styrene)-block-poly(butadiene)-block-poly(styrene) triblock copolymer, within the 0–20 wt% PS-b-PMBL range. Thorough examination using thermal analysis and linear shear rheology reveals that all blends surpass the properties of their pure SBS counterparts. Specifically, blending at 200 °C induces crosslinking between the polymers, yielding heightened Young’s modulus and complex viscosity, thereby resulting in a robust and rigid material compared with noncrosslinked blends. For noncrosslinked blends, an increase in strength is observed while maintaining commendable rubbery properties. Notably, the noncrosslinked blends permit the recycling of components (SBS and PS-b-PMBL) through the redissolving of rubber in tetrahydrofuran. These findings present a promising avenue for the enhancement of rubbers through the incorporation of biorenewable compounds.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EFFECT OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT PRETREATMENT ON DEVULCANIZATION OF WASTE RUBBER POWDER 深共晶溶剂预处理对废胶粉脱硫的影响

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.5254/rct.23.00049

Lining Gao, Li Li, Rui He, Xinqiu Zheng, Ruihao Qin

{"title":"EFFECT OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT PRETREATMENT ON DEVULCANIZATION OF WASTE RUBBER POWDER","authors":"Lining Gao, Li Li, Rui He, Xinqiu Zheng, Ruihao Qin","doi":"10.5254/rct.23.00049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct.23.00049","url":null,"abstract":"The recycling of waste rubber is very important for environmental protection, but the compatibility problem restricts the recycling and application of waste rubber powder (WRP). Devulcanization of WRP has been proven to be an effective method to improve the solubilization effect. The use of environmentally friendly nontoxic solvents can not only improve the devulcanization effect but also avoid secondary pollution. Thus, in this article, an environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvent (DES) is first prepared and then applied to the devulcanization treatment of WRP. The results show that the prepared DES has a positive devulcanization effect, and the devulcanization rate can reach 50%. The devulcanization mechanism can be divided into two aspects: (1) adsorption and removal of sulfur-containing low-molecular compounds and (2) destruction of the crosslinking structure and improvement of fluidity. Observation of the microstructure showed that the rougher the surface of the desulfurized rubber powder, the more conducive to the crosslinking reaction with the matrix material to form a uniform whole. The devulcanization mechanism of DES is divided into destroying the sulfur-containing cross-linked structure and adsorbing the sulfur-containing low-molecular compounds. The surface of WRP after DES treatment is rougher and more porous, which is beneficial to the crosslinking reaction with the matrix material. Finally, the optimum process conditions for the de-crosslinking effect are determined by orthogonal test as follows: liquid-solid ratio 15∶1, temperature 120°C, time 0.5 h.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPANDING HORIZONS: DIVERSE APPLICATIONS OF RUBBERS AND ELASTOMERS IN EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 拓展视野：橡胶和弹性体在新兴技术中的多样化应用

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.5254/rct-d-23-00034

Josh N. Bodin, Kuangyu Shen, Songshan Zeng, Luyi Sun

{"title":"EXPANDING HORIZONS: DIVERSE APPLICATIONS OF RUBBERS AND ELASTOMERS IN EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"Josh N. Bodin, Kuangyu Shen, Songshan Zeng, Luyi Sun","doi":"10.5254/rct-d-23-00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct-d-23-00034","url":null,"abstract":"Rubbers and elastomers have a rich history that spans many eras of human civilization dating back to 1600 AD. Upon their introduction into Europe, they became common materials in shoes and fabrics. With the invention of vulcanization by Charles Goodyear in 1839, rubbers became widely used in many new applications, ranging from tires to industrial machine parts. Today, rubbers and elastomers are essential in the development of innovative, emerging technologies. This review exemplifies how rubbers and elastomers have been used to advance the emerging fields of soft robotics through soft grippers and dielectric elastomer actuators, stretchable and wearable devices through conductive elastomers and smart elastomers used in thermal camouflage and sensors, biomedical applications through tissue scaffolding and stretch-triggered drug delivery, and energy harvesting through piezoelectric elastomers and wave harvesting triboelectric nanogenerators. This review also briefly summarizes other developments in these fields as well as glimpses into other emerging fields that are advancing through the incorporation of rubbers and elastomers.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

THE CROSSLINK DENSITY AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN HEAT AND OIL RESISTANT ELASTOMERS BY DOUBLE QUANTUM NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 通过双量子核磁共振分析耐热耐油弹性体中的交联密度及其分布

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.5254/rct.23.00050

R. Pazur, Badruz Zaman, C. Porter

{"title":"THE CROSSLINK DENSITY AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN HEAT AND OIL RESISTANT ELASTOMERS BY DOUBLE QUANTUM NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE","authors":"R. Pazur, Badruz Zaman, C. Porter","doi":"10.5254/rct.23.00050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct.23.00050","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Double Quantum Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (DQ NMR) was used to characterize the crosslink density, crosslink density distribution and defect level in a series of heat and oil resistance elastomers. A wide range of defect levels, crosslink densities as well as crosslink density distributions was measured, and results depended on elastomer type and compound formulations including the vulcanization system. The sol fraction defect level generally correlated with the concentration of added plasticizer in the formulation. The presence of polar side chains appeared to cause additional dynamic contributions to the dangling chain end fraction. The large differences in elastomer composition and rubber formulations prevented any meaningful correlation of the measured crosslink densities with the low strain modulus. Fast Tikhonov regularization and log normalization fitting of the corrected DQ build up curve was extremely useful to provide insight into the modality and widths of the crosslink density distributions. A high degree of heterogeneity of the crosslink network of heat and oil resistance elastomers was found. Crosslink density distributions were explained in terms of the polymer chain structure comprising of monomer sequencing coupled with the position of the crosslinking sites. The type of vulcanization system had a lesser effect of the nature of the crosslink density distribution. The primary polymer chain crosslinking sites may become segregated from the continuous phase due to polarity differences seen in the microstructure of oil and heat resistance elastomers. The development of such micro-morphologies can favor curative partitioning. The sole use of DQ NMR can provide valuable insights into the nature of the polymer chain structure and crosslink network in rubber.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

TREATMENT FOR REMOVING Zn COMPOUNDS FROM SILICA-FILLED VULCANIZED RUBBER AND ANALYSIS OF SILICA AGGREGATE DISPERSION 从二氧化硅填充的气泡化橡胶中去除锌化合物的处理方法及二氧化硅聚合体的分散分析

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Rubber Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.5254/rct.23.00046

Atsushi Kato, Takanori Itoh, Hirobumi Minoura, Norio Saito, N. Amino, Ken Nakajima, Makiko Ito, Kazuhiko Fujimori, Yoshimasa Urushihara

{"title":"TREATMENT FOR REMOVING Zn COMPOUNDS FROM SILICA-FILLED VULCANIZED RUBBER AND ANALYSIS OF SILICA AGGREGATE DISPERSION","authors":"Atsushi Kato, Takanori Itoh, Hirobumi Minoura, Norio Saito, N. Amino, Ken Nakajima, Makiko Ito, Kazuhiko Fujimori, Yoshimasa Urushihara","doi":"10.5254/rct.23.00046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5254/rct.23.00046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Treatment of silica-filled rubber vulcanizates with a diethyl ether/conc. HCl solution for 96 h at room temperature can remove most Zn compounds smaller than approximately 90 nm, which account for most of the residual ZnO, rubber soluble Zn compounds and ZnS resulting from crosslinking reactions of by-products. However, a very small number of giant ZnO particles of a few μm in size remain after such treatment. In the silica-filled SBR matrix treated for 96 h, a significant increase in crosslink density and Young's modulus was observed due to crosslinking reactions after HCl was removed from HCl-added rubber molecules. This increase in crosslink density was accompanied by an increase in the surrounding layer of bound rubber closest to the silica of the two bound rubber layers around it and a decrease in the rubber matrix of the same volume. It is inferred that there was little change in the aggregate structure of the silica due to these volume changes. On the other hand, USAXS measurements of the treated samples showed shoulders derived from silica aggregates, and clear high-resolution X-ray CT images were obtained due to the removal of Zn compounds smaller than approximately 90 nm in size. The relationship between these shoulders and the size of silica aggregates obtained by X-ray CT imaging was qualitatively consistent, and it was not affected by the presence or absence of TESP and DPG, but was dependent on the rubber type. The distance between nearest neighbor particles of silica aggregates, determined by X-ray CT imaging, also depended on the types of rubber.","PeriodicalId":21349,"journal":{"name":"Rubber Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0