Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia最新文献

{"title":"Antifungal activity of free and alginate-encapsulated Punica granatum fruit peel extract against dermatophytes using a human nail model.","authors":"Maria Luiza Miguel Lopes, Eliana Harue Endo, Marli Miriam de Souza Lima, Celso Vataru Nakamura, Tânia Ueda-Nakamura, Benedito Prado Dias Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dermatophytosis and onychomycosis are among the most prevalent superficial fungal infections worldwide and remain difficult to treat because of prolonged therapy, recurrence, and emerging antifungal resistance. Punica granatum fruit, pomegranate, has a peel rich in phenolic compounds with documented antimicrobial properties; however, the therapeutic application of plant-derived extracts may be limited by physicochemical instability and low bioavailability.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate the antifungal activity of a hydroalcoholic extract of pomegranate peel and its alginate-encapsulated formulation against dermatophytes, using sterilized human nail fragments as a biologically relevant ex-vivo model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The peel extract was obtained by hydroalcoholic maceration followed by lyophilization. Alginate microparticles were produced by spray drying. Encapsulation efficiency, release profile, antifungal and antibacterial activities, minimum fungicidal concentration, inhibition of hyphal elongation, ultrastructural alterations in fungal hyphae grown on human nail fragments, and cytotoxicity in Vero cells were evaluated. All experiments were performed in triplicate and repeated in at least three independent experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extraction yield was 15.2%, and encapsulation efficiency reached 90.25%. The free extract exhibited rapid release, whereas alginate microparticles provided a controlled release profile. The extract showed antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum (MIC=125μg/mL), and Nannizzia gypsea (MIC=250μg/mL), as well as antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=125μg/mL). No activity was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both free and encapsulated formulations produced marked ultrastructural alterations in fungal hyphae grown on human nail fragments, including deformation, rupture, and cytoplasmic leakage. Microencapsulation reduced cytotoxicity (CC₅₀=224μg/mL) compared with the free extract (CC₅₀=80μg/mL) and improved the selectivity index.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alginate microencapsulation preserved the antifungal activity of pomegranate peel extract while reducing cytotoxicity and providing controlled release. The maintenance of antifungal activity in a human nail model supports the potential application of this formulation as a topical strategy for the management of dermatophyte-associated nail infections and warrants further preclinical investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptococcosis in immunocompromised patients without HIV infection: Experience of a hospital in Chile.","authors":"Camila Diez de Medina, Javier Caviedes, María Laura Otth, Erika Rubilar, María Elvira Simian, Luz María Fuenzalida, Andrés Soto","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cryptococcus neoformans infection has traditionally been associated with HIV infection. However, its incidence has increased among individuals immunocompromised due to other causes. In Chile, data on cryptococcosis in this population are limited.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine the clinical, diagnostic, and treatment options in a group of immunocompromised patients suffering from cryptococcosis and without HIV infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, observational study was conducted at Hospital del Salvador, Santiago de Chile. Patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis between 2016 and 2025 were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 31 patients with cryptococcosis were identified, of whom seven were HIV-negative. In this last subgroup, the median age was 58 years, and all patients had one or more comorbidities associated with immunosuppression. Additionally, three patients had oncohematological diseases, one patient was undergoing chemotherapy, and one patient had Rosai-Dorfman disease and was receiving high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Other three patients were recipients of solid organ transplants (SOT). Overall, six patients were corticosteroid users. All patients had fever. Cryptococcal meningitis was confirmed in five cases and extraneurological involvement in four. The 30-day mortality rate related to cryptococcosis was 28.6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the present study, cryptococcosis in individuals without HIV infection was an infrequent event, occurring primarily in patients with hematologic malignancies and SOT. The disease was associated with high morbidity, multisystem involvement, and elevated case fatality.</p>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isavuconazole utilization in a Spanish tertiary hospital.","authors":"Teresa López-Cuesta, Gina Mejía-Abril, Guillermo Fernández-Jimenez, Francisco Abad-Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Invasive fungal infections pose a clinical challenge due to their high morbidity and mortality. Since its introduction in 2016, isavuconazole has emerged as a new therapeutic option, highlighting the need to evaluate its use in real-world clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of isavuconazole prescription in accordance with its drug label and the pharmacotherapeutic guidelines of Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, as well as to characterize the patient population receiving this treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective observational study of prescription-indication. All patients who received isavuconazole during hospitalization between January 2019 and June 2023 were included. Data were obtained by reviewing electronic medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 129 patients were assessed, with 63.3% of these patients being male and a median age 63. Seventy seven percent suffered from malignant haematological diseases and 10.9% had been diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia with no other risk factor for invasive fungal infection. The percentage of inappropriate prescriptions was 22.5% (95% confidence interval: 15.2-29.8%). The main reasons for inappropriateness were prophylactic use (10.9%) and treatment of a non-indicated pathogen (4.7%). The frequency of prescription followed an upward trend, although goodness-of-fit to a linear regression model was low.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The level of inappropriateness observed (15-30%) is relatively low compared to other studies on antifungal use, and the frequency of prescription does not exhibit a significant increase over the years. Although adherence to local and international prescribing guidelines remains suboptimal, these data demonstrate a relatively effective integration of isavuconazole into the hospital's therapeutic repertoire.</p>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful use of daylight photodynamic therapy with BF-200 ALA combined with oral itraconazole for the treatment of inflammatory tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis.","authors":"Elisabeth Gómez Moyano, Leandro Martínez Pilar","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth kinetics of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species in response to essential oil constituents.","authors":"Yamina Ben Miri, Amine Belbahi, Amina Benabdallah, Djamel Djenane, Marta Herrera, Agustín Ariño","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species are primary contaminants in food and feed. Growing health concerns regarding synthetic chemical preservatives have driven interest in essential oil (EO) constituents as natural alternatives. However, the specific impact of these compounds on fungal growth dynamics remains insufficiently understood.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study quantitatively evaluated the growth-kinetic responses of four major mycotoxigenic species, namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus carbonarius, when exposed to selected essential oil constituents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fungal growth was monitored in vitro under treatment with D-limonene, thymol, 1,8-cineol, cuminaldehyde, and linalool (250-1000mg/kg). Growth kinetics were analyzed using a two-phase linear model to estimate lag phase duration (λ) and specific growth rate (μ). Additionally, mycelial growth inhibition and conidial germination assays were conducted to validate antifungal efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All tested constituents induced dose-dependent alterations in growth kinetics. Thymol and cuminaldehyde demonstrated the most potent inhibitory effects, significantly extending the lag phase and reducing growth rates across all species. Notably, thymol completely suppressed A. parasiticus growth at 750mg/kg and extended the A. flavus lag phase to 6.01 days. Cuminaldehyde reduced the A. carbonarius growth rate to 6.83mm/day. While D-limonene showed moderate inhibition, 1,8-cineol and linalool were the least effective. At 1000mg/kg, both thymol and cuminaldehyde achieved 100% inhibition of conidial germination in all species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Growth-kinetic modeling is a highly sensitive tool for differentiating the efficacy of natural antifungal agents. The significant disruption of growth patterns by phenolic (thymol) and aldehydic (cuminaldehyde) compounds underscores their potential for the targeted, predictive control of Aspergillus in food and feed systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraocular protothecosis: A case report and literature review.","authors":"Ramiro López-Medrano, Isabel Sendino Tenorio, Carmen Montoya Espín, Alfredo Esteban Martín","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Protothecosis is an extremely rare infectious disease in humans caused by achlorophyllous algae within the genus Prototheca, which is present in many natural environments. To date, very few cases of ocular involvement have been reported.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present the case of an immunocompetent patient with progressive loss of visual acuity in the right eye and with a history of cataract surgery in the same eye 5 years before. Ocular examination revealed numerous whitish retrolental deposits in the vitreous chamber. A vitrectomy was performed and samples of vitreous humour, vitreous snowbank, and anterior chamber fibrin were cultured. After 48h, yeast-like colonies were obtained and identified by proteomic techniques (MALDI-TOF) as Prototheca wickerhamii, an identification that was confirmed at a reference centre. In the in vitro susceptibility testing, low minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were obtained for amphotericin B, posaconazole, isavuconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole. The highest MIC values were obtained for fluconazole, 5-fluorocytosine, and echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin). Following vitrectomy and combined treatment with corticosteroids, posaconazole, and topical anti-inflammatories, the patient's condition improved, although with reduced visual acuity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To date, there have been very few reported cases of protothecosis affecting the eye. The most common sample is usually a corneal scraping, and the microbiological diagnosis is based on the macro- and microscopic morphological features of the alga, confirmed using proteomic or molecular techniques. Treatment combines surgical techniques, antifungals, and steroids, with good outcomes in most cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148423403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a more pragmatic approach to COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosis: The role of non-bronchoscopic respiratory samples.","authors":"Javier Martinez de Victoria-Carazo, Emilio Guirao-Arrabal, Federico García García, Miguel Ángel Montero Alonso, José Hernández Quero","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2026.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148423487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in Latin America: A systematic review of 575 cases.","authors":"Isabela Carvalho Leme Vieira da Cruz, Alessandra Luna-Muschi, Víctor Hugo Ahumada-Topete, Carla M Roman-Montes, María Fernanda González-Lara, Tiago Alexandre Cocio, Fernando Araya Rojas, Martín Lasso Barreto, María Luján Cuestas, Rita A Rojas-Fermin, Lisandra Serra Damasceno, Melissa Orzechowski Xavier, Maria Eduarda Farias, Mayla Borba, Mariane Taborda, Adriana Satie Gonçalves Kono Magri, Vítor Falcão de Oliveira, Marcello Mihailenko Chaves Magri","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2026.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has been well characterized in Europe and North America, data from Latin America remain scarce, despite the region's high COVID-19 burden.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This systematic review compiles all published CAPA cases from Latin America, providing a comprehensive analysis of clinical characteristics, diagnostic practices, treatment patterns, and mortality risk factors across the region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted on 32 studies, encompassing a total of 575 CAPA cases from Latin America. Data were extracted from PubMed, Embase, and LILACS (search date: March 7, 2024), following Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Individual and aggregate patient data were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most cases originated from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Patients were predominantly male (72.6%), with hypertension (39.8%), obesity (38.1%), and diabetes (35.3%) as leading comorbidities. Probable CAPA accounted for 81.9% of cases, with Aspergillus fumigatus identified in 58.5%. Antifungal treatment, mainly voriconazole (57.5%), was administered in 75.5% of cases. Overall mortality was 50.1%. In the multivariate analysis, higher galactomannan (GM) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were independently associated with mortality (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.04-2.03; p=0.045).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the most comprehensive analysis of CAPA in Latin America to date, revealing high mortality despite antifungal treatment and limited diagnostic access. The presence of GM in BAL was independently associated with death, reinforcing its prognostic value. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved diagnostic strategies and targeted interventions in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148397664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liposomes loaded with Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle essential oil: Characterization and potential in vitro and in vivo action against Candidozyma auris","authors":"Gabriel Davi Marena,&nbsp;Laura Caminitti de Lima,&nbsp;André Luiz Carneiro Soares do Nascimento,&nbsp;Gabriela Corrêa Carvalho,&nbsp;Luciani Gaspar de Toledo,&nbsp;Marlus Chorilli,&nbsp;Taís Maria Bauab","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The rapid dissemination of <em>Candidozyma auris</em> (previously known as <em>Candida auris</em>) and its multidrug resistance profile poses a significant challenge in therapy once it contributes to a mortality of 30–60% of infected patients.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of <em>Cymbopogon nardus</em> (L.) Rendle essential oil and citral oil, both free and incorporated into liposomes, against <em>C. auris</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The liposomes were composed of a lipid phase containing soy phosphatidylcholine, ergosterol, cholesterol and oleylamine, along with an aqueous phase consisting of PBS. The liposome was characterized by measuring the following features: hydrodynamic size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, infrared vibrational spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy. The antifungal activity of the <em>C. nardus</em> essential oil, the citral oil and liposome-loaded compounds was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biofilm assay and by a <em>Galleria mellonella</em> infection model. <em>G. mellonella</em> was also used to assess acute in vivo toxicity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The liposomes exhibited sizes ranging from 218.8 to 261.7<!--> <!-->nm, polydispersity index &lt;0.5, and a positive zeta potential. Furthermore, the liposomes showed good stability and a lipid layer in the outer region. Citral showed the best antifungal activity, with MIC 62.5<!--> <!-->μg/mL, being the compound selected for its incorporation into liposomes, which further improved its antifungal potential. Citral and citral-liposomes showed important metabolic inhibition in mature biofilms (20%). No acute toxicity was observed for either sample in <em>G. mellonella</em>, and citral-liposomes showed promising antifungal action in the <em>G. mellonella</em> infection model.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Liposomes represent a promising strategy for the safe and effective delivery of citral to control <em>C. auris</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"43 3","pages":"Pages 96-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148219507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal-resistant yeasts detected in recreational coastal waters of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","authors":"Lívia S. Ramos,&nbsp;Mariana F. Fernandes,&nbsp;Helena L.C. Santos,&nbsp;Renata C. Picão,&nbsp;Marta H. Branquinha,&nbsp;André L.S. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2026.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recreational coastal waters are widely used for leisure activities and require systematic microbiological monitoring to ensure the safety of bathers. However, such surveillance has traditionally focused on fecal indicator bacteria, whereas fungal communities remain largely neglected by regulatory and governmental agencies.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aimed to identify 18 yeasts isolated from three tourist beaches in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to evaluate their antifungal susceptibility, biofilm-forming capacity and growth in saline conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The molecular identification of the isolates was performed by sequencing the ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 rDNA region. Antifungal susceptibility was determined using the broth microdilution method. Biofilm formation was assessed in 96-well microtiter plates using crystal violet, safranin and XTT. Growth under different salt concentrations was also evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fungal isolates were identified as <em>Candida parapsilosis</em> species complex (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->5), <em>Candida tropicalis</em> (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->4), <em>Nakaseomyces glabratus</em> (formerly <em>Candida glabrata</em>; <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2), <em>Candidozyma haemuli</em> species complex (formerly <em>Candida haemulonii</em> species complex; <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2), <em>Wickerhamiella infanticola</em> (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2), and one isolate each of <em>Candida palmioleophila</em>, <em>Candida ecuadorensis</em> and <em>Pichia manshurica</em>. Resistance to azoles was observed in <em>C. tropicalis</em>, <em>N. glabratus</em>, <em>C. haemuli</em> and <em>C. palmioleophila</em>, with variable susceptibility to other antifungals. <em>C. parapsilosis</em> and <em>C. ecuadorensis</em> isolates were susceptible to all tested antifungals. <em>W. infanticola</em> isolates exhibited low MIC values against the antifungals tested, while <em>P. manshurica</em> exhibited elevated MICs to fluconazole and flucytosine. All yeasts formed biofilms on plastic and tolerated NaCl concentrations of up to 7.5%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings demonstrate the presence of clinically relevant opportunistic yeasts in recreational seawater. The isolates exhibited antifungal resistance, salt tolerance and the ability to form biofilms, all of which pose a potential public health concern.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"43 3","pages":"Pages 107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147974980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}