Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia最新文献

{"title":"Pneumocystis carinii infection drives upregulation of Fn1 expression that causes pulmonary fibrosis with an inflammatory response","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Pneumocystis carinii</em> is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that may cause pneumonia and lead to pulmonary fibrosis.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study attempted to investigate the role of <em>P. carinii</em> infection-related genes in regulating lung fibrosis in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A screening of <em>P. carinii</em> infection-related differential mRNAs was performed using the GEO database, followed by protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction using the STRING website in order to obtain <em>P. carinii</em> infection-related key genes. The development of a mouse model with gene aberrant expression was achieved by utilizing mice carrying the Cre-LoxP recombinase system. Dexamethasone was employed to induce tracheal infection in order to develop a model of pulmonary fibrosis, and the magnitude of lung injury was assessed by performing hematoxylin–eosin (H&amp;E) staining and Masson staining. Lung coefficient and hydroxyproline level were assessed on sections of lung tissue as well. Finally, the magnitude of lung fibrosis and inflammation in mice was determined based on immunofluorescence and on the expression of genes associated with lung fibrosis and inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fn1 was found by PPI with the highest connectivity in the PPI network associated with immunity and inflammation. Besides, Fn1 was significantly highly expressed in <em>P. carinii</em>-infected mice samples. The <em>P carinii</em> pneumonia (PCP)+Fn1^fl/fl group had significantly higher lung coefficients, hydroxyproline levels and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and NLRP3 expression levels, and significantly lower IL-10 expression levels. The results found in PCP+SPC-Cre:Fn1^fl/fl group were the opposite. The results of the pulmonary fibrosis level study showed that the PCP+Fn1^fl/fl group had the most intense H&amp;E and Masson staining, and significantly higher expression levels of Col1A2, Col3A1 and α-SMA, which were lower in the PCP+SPC-Cre:Fn1^fl/fl group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>P. carinii</em> infection may promote the upregulation of Fn1, which causes pulmonary fibrosis with an inflammatory response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical response to prednisone in a severe case of infant-juvenile paracoccidioidomycosis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Paracoccidioidomycosis is a neglected tropical disease caused by fungi of the genus <em>Paracoccidioides</em>. A wide range of symptoms is related to the disease; however, lungs and skin are the sites predominantly affected. The disease is mostly seen in people living in rural areas in Latin America.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>We present a pediatric case of severe disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis that slowly responded to the antifungal treatment. Within three months, symptoms evolved into hepatosplenomegaly, necrotic cervical and abdominal lymph nodes, and splenic abscess. Clinical response to amphotericin B deoxycholate and itraconazole was slow, resulting in pleural and peritoneal cavity effusions, heart failure and shock. Amphotericin B deoxycholate was replaced by the liposomal formulation, with no response. Subsequently, prednisone was added to the treatment, which led to improvement in the clinical response. Serological <em>Paracoccidioides</em> antibody titers were atypical, with very low titers in the critical phase and significant increase during the convalescence phase. The infection was finally cleared up with amphotericin B deoxycholate, liposomal amphotericin B and the use of corticosteroids. Paracoccidioidomycosis serology was non-reactive two years post-discharge.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Due to the intense inflammatory response triggered by <em>Paracoccidioides</em> cells, giving low-dose prednisone for a short period of time modulated the inflammatory response and supported antifungal treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungemia due to opportunistic fungi in patients with cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fungemia due to uncommon fungi and secondary to multiple risk factors has become an emergent health problem, particularly in oncology patients.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study shows the following data collected during an 11-year period in a tertiary care oncologic center from patients with fungemia: demographic data, clinical characteristics, and outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study was performed at Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, a 135-bed referral cancer center in Mexico City, from July 2012 to June 2023. All episodes of non-<em>Candida</em> fungemia were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixteen cases with uncommon fungemia were found in the database, representing 0.3% from all the blood cultures positive during the study period, and 8.5% from all the fungi isolated. The most common pathogens identified in our series were <span><span>Histoplasma capsulatum</span></span>, <span><span>Acremonium</span></span> spp., <span><span>Trichosporon asahii</span></span>, and <span><span>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</span></span><span>. Eight patients had hematologic malignancies, and five had severe neutropenia. In eight cases fungemia was considered catheter-related, in four cases was classified as primary, and in the last four it was diagnosed as disseminated fungal diseases. Mortality at 30 days was 43.8%.</span></div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The improved diagnostic tools have led to a better diagnosis of uncommon fungal infections. More aggressive therapeutic approaches, particularly in patients with malignancies, would increase survival rates in these potentially fatal diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azole resistance in a clinical isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus from Chile","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen. This fungus can acquire resistance to azole antifungals due to different mutations in the cyp51A gene. Azole resistance has been observed in several continents and appears to be a globally distributed phenomenon. Specific mutations in cyp51A that lead to azole resistance, such as the TR34/L98H modification, have been reported.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To evaluate the azole resistance in clinically isolated <em>A. fumigatus</em> strains.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>As a result of our passive surveillance strategy, a total of 23 <em>A. fumigatus</em> isolates from clinical origins were identified through a phylogenetic analysis using the ITS region and β-tubulin gene fragments, and typed with the CSP microsatellite. Azole susceptibility profiles were performed by disk diffusion and microdilution broth methodologies according to CLSI guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Here we describe, for the first time, the detection of azole-resistant <em>A. fumigatus</em> isolates from clinical origins in Chile with mutations in the cyp51A gene. In addition to the TR34/L98H mutation, one isolate exhibited an F46Y/M172V/E427K-type mutation. Furthermore, microsatellite typing based on cell surface protein (CSP) was performed, showing the t02 (TR34/L98H), t15 (F46Y/M172V/E427K) and t01 (susceptible clinical isolates) genotypes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study demonstrates the presence of mutations related to azole resistance in <em>A. fumigatus</em> strains isolated from clinical samples in Chile. In order to obtain information that may help to tackle the spread of antifungal resistance among <em>A. fumigatus</em> populations, and to ensure the efficacy of future treatments against aspergillosis, a further research is necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of specific and nonspecific blood culture bottles for the diagnosis of candidemia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early diagnosis of candidemia is critical for the correct management and treatment of patients.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To test the efficacy of different blood culture bottles in the growth of <em>Candida</em> strains.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We compared the performance of BD BACTEC™ Plus Aerobic/F (Aero) culture bottles with the specific BD BACTEC™ Mycosis IC/F Lytic (Myco) culture bottles using the BD BACTEC™ FX 40 automated blood culture system to determine the mean time-to-detection (TTD) in <em>Candida</em> species. One isolate each of six <em>Candida</em> species was inoculated into blood culture bottles (final concentration, 1–5<!--> <!-->CFU<!--> <!-->ml⁻¹) and incubated at 37<!--> <!-->°C until automated growth detection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>Candida albicans</em> and <em>Nakaseomyces glabratus</em> (<em>Candida glabrata</em>) were detected earlier in the specific culture bottle, whereas <em>Candida tropicalis</em> was detected earlier in the nonspecific bottle; <em>Candida parapsilosis</em>, <em>Pichia kudriavzevii</em> (<em>Candida krusei</em>), and <em>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</em> (<em>Candida guilliermondii</em>) presented similar TTD in both bottles.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study suggests the suitability of using both bottles in clinical laboratories for a faster diagnosis and prompt starting of any treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scedosporium boydii finding in an immunocompromised patient and review of the literature.","authors":"Silvana Ramadán, Hernán Dalmaso, Alicia Luque, Maximiliano Sortino, María Luján Cuestas, Katherine Hermida Alava, Diego Bertola, Lucía Bulacio","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scedosporiasis is an emerging mycosis that has gained importance in recent years due to its worldwide prevalence. It is caused by species of the Scedosporium apiospermum complex. These species can cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients and, occasionally, in immunocompetent patients as well. The high intrinsic antifungal resistance make these infections difficult to manage.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The objective of this study was to interpret the mycological findings in a transplant patient, together with the images obtained in the radiological studies, in order to provide an early and effective antifungal therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The mycological analysis of samples taken from a heart transplant patient with radiological images suggesting a fungal infection was performed. Computed tomography scan of the head and thorax showed space-occupying lesions in both the frontal lobe and cerebellum, and multiple pulmonary nodules. The nodules were punctured and the samples obtained were analyzed according to the procedures for mycological analysis. The identity of the isolates was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. Eventually, the antifungal susceptibility was studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fungal isolates obtained, whose identity was confirmed by sequencing, belonged to the species Scedosporium boydii. Injured tissues were surgically removed and a treatment with amphotericin B and voriconazole-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.5μg/mL and ≥0.5μg/mL respectively - was administered.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the patient died due to complications of a Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis refractory to treatment, the progression of the fungal disease, although slow, was favourable in the early phases of the treatment due to a correct diagnosis and the antifungal susceptibility test carried out. Clinical cases of this nature highlight the need to increase the epidemiological study of these microorganisms, as well as the proper treatment of the diseases caused, in order to achieve early diagnoses that reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of filamentous basidiomycetes from respiratory samples in a tertiary care Spanish hospital.","authors":"Iker Falces-Romero, Inmaculada Quiles-Melero, Julio García-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical significance of the filamentous basidiomycetes isolated from clinical samples is not always clear. Thus, these fungi have been considered environmental contaminants traditionally.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To review those clinical cases in which filamentous basidiomycetes from respiratory samples had been isolated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The retrospective study was carried out in a single tertiary care hospital. We recovered all culture-confirmed isolations of filamentous basidiomycetes from respiratory samples (bronchial aspirate [BAS], bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] and sputum) analyzed between the years 2020 and 2023. Isolates were identified by ITS region sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In six patients a filamentous basidiomycete had been isolated from a respiratory sample. The species identified were all different: Fomitopsis sp. (BAS), Trametes ljubarskyi (BAL), Stereum gausapatum (BAS), Porostereum spadiaceum (BAS), Phlebia subserialis (sputum) and Inonotus levis (BAL). All the patients were immunosuppressed or had an underlying disease with pulmonary involvement. None of them received any specific antifungal treatment (in relation with the fungus isolated) and all six improved clinically and were discharged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The isolation of filamentous basidiomycetes in these patients had uncertain clinical significance. However, the isolation of any filamentous basidiomycete in respiratory samples from immunosuppressed patients or patients with chronic pulmonary disease is an emerging situation that should be carefully assessed in the context of chronic allergic episodes or suspicion of invasive fungal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The number of species that cause blastomycosis is increasing","authors":"F. Javier Cabañes","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2022.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2022.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1130140622000316/pdfft?md5=f9dd7e2eb663f818949f544a68ce52b2&pid=1-s2.0-S1130140622000316-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40453222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problemas clínicos en Micología Médica: problema número 56","authors":"Fernando Messina ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Marin ,&nbsp;Alejandro Sansostera ,&nbsp;Mercedes Romero ,&nbsp;Roxana Depardo ,&nbsp;Ricardo Negroni ,&nbsp;Blanca Leonel ,&nbsp;Gabriela Santiso","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present the case of a twenty six year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis, treated with certolizumab. She sought medical attention due to cough, fever and night sweats. X-ray exam showed a miliary pneumonia. She was treated for tuberculosis and 50<!--> <!-->days later she presented with aphasia. Magnetic nuclear resonance revealed brain lesions. <em>Histoplasma capsulatum</em> PCR test and urinary antigen were positive, so an antifungal treatment with voriconazole was started. Visual adverse effects forced to change the antifungal schedule in both the length of treatment and the antifungal drug. With this measure the patient progressed favorably. The test of urinary <em>Histoplasma capsulatum</em> antigen and PCR amplification were key to make a diagnosis and also for a follow-up.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136398940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necrotizing pneumonia due to Aspergillus and Salmonella after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment: An unusual case and review of the literature","authors":"Muhammed Cihan Işık ,&nbsp;Oğuz Karcıoğlu ,&nbsp;Gülşen Hazırolan ,&nbsp;Dolunay Gülmez ,&nbsp;Mehmet Ruhi Onur ,&nbsp;Mehmet Mahir Kunt ,&nbsp;Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli ,&nbsp;Gökhan Metan","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a promising new treatment for different types of cancer. The infectious complications in patients taking ICIs are rare.</p></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><p><span>A 58-year-old male who received chemotherapy consisting of pembrolizumab (PD-1 inhibitor) for esophagus squamous cell carcinoma one month before was admitted to the emergency room with shortness of breath soon after fiberoptic bronchoscopy, which was done for the inspection of the lower airway. A computed tomography of the chest revealed a progressive consolidation on the right upper lobe. </span><em>Salmonella</em> group D was isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid culture. The fungal culture of the same clinical sample yielded <span><span>Aspergillus niger</span></span>; furthermore, a high titer (above the cut-off values) of <em>Aspergillus</em> antigen was found both in the BAL fluid and serum of the patient. Despite the effective spectrum and appropriate dose of antimicrobial treatment, the patient died due to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Awareness of unusual pathogens in the etiology of pneumonia after ICI treatment may help to avoid underdiagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10265611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}