Historical Search最新文献

{"title":"FORMATION OF NATIONAL AUTONOMIES IN THE RSFSR IN EARLY 1920s: PROBLEMS AND CONTRADICTIONS (on the example of creating the Mordovian Autonomous Region)","authors":"O. Sukhova, O. A. Filenkova","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-91-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-91-96","url":null,"abstract":"At the initial stage of the reforms in the administrative-territorial division in the conditions of the Civil War, the process of federalization hardly met any resistance from the center. By the beginning of 1921 the RSFSR included as its parts the Tatar, Kirghiz, Bashkir, Dagestan, Gorsk Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republics, autonomous regions of the Kalmyk, Mari and Chuvash peoples and Labour communes of the Germans in the Volga region and the Karelians. By 1922 21 associations were already established. It was not possible to form the Mordovian autonomous administrative-territorial unit. Strengthening greater concentration of power, lack of territory with compact residence of the Mordovian population, unformed national elite, corporate interests of provincial authorities representatives served as constraining factors in the struggle for autonomy.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131322734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NATIONAL ISSUE IN THE POLITICAL IDEOLOGY OF RIGHT-WING CONSERVATISM: IMPERIAL AND REGIONAL DISCOURSE","authors":"E. M. Mikhailova","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-69-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-69-76","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the views of right-wing-conservative parties and organizations of the beginning of the 20th century on the national issue. The positions of the right wingers in relation to the Russian people, non-Russian nationalities of inner Russia and the nationalities of national fringes are examined; factors of such differentiation are identified. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of the national policy carried on by the right-wing conservative parties and organizations of the Volga region dictated by the multinational and multi-confessional composition of the region. The author singles out positions similar to the All-Russian right-wing parties among the Volga conservatives, in particular in defending the principle of unity and indivisibility of the Russian Empire, preventing dismemberment of the country. The distinctive features of the national issues in the right monarchical parties of the Volga region were determined, they were expressed in the fact that their program platforms included provisions on granting foreigners civil rights which were equal to the ones given to the Russians, on admitting the right to believe in the faith of one’s choice to the non-Orthodox, on using national languages in parallel with the state Russian language. The factors of radicalization among right-wing conservatives of national themes in the conditions of the First World War were noted.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121240308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE TEACHING COMMUNITY OF CHUVASHIA (1917–1941): HISTORIOGRAPHIC ASPECT","authors":"L. N. Tokhtieva, E. Mineeva","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-148-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-148-160","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the sources, first introduced into the scientific circulation, extracted from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and five regional archives: the National Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, the State Archive of the Mari El Republic, the State Historical Archive of the Chuvash Republic, the State Archive of Modern History of the Chuvash Republic, the State Press Archive of the Chuvash Republic as well as from the current archives of general education organizations. The article presents a review of materials extracted from the Chuvash National, Poretsky historical and local history, school museums, the Museum of Public Education of the Chuvash Republic. Published sources are characterized in detail: normative legal acts, government and party resolutions, departmental materials, collections of documents, works of state and public figures, statistics, memoirs, reference materials, periodicals. According to the authors, it is essential to examine existing sources in a complex, comparing and contrasting them, with a view to identify the extent of their reliability. Multiplicity and diversity in the form and content of the presented historical sources create conditions for concretization, analysis, comparison, systematization and synthesis of all the collected information for deeper studying various aspects of evolvement and development of the Soviet school in Chuvashia in 1917–1941.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133592672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOME FACTORS ABOUT FORMATION OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL SOCIAL STRATUM IN THE KAMA-VYATKA REGION OF THE 18th – EARLY 20th CENTURY","authors":"N. Ligenko","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-52-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-52-62","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the main determinants of successful entrepreneurship development in an individual provincial region of the country. Favorable natural-geographical and socio-economic conditions contributed to relatively early inclusion of the region into the development of a single all-Russian commodity market, and later a capitalist market. On the one hand, the set of necessary factors contributed to the involvement of a wide stratum of peasantry in the processes of initial accumulation of capital and the formation of the local entrepreneurial social stratum. It should be noted that the establishment of a solid, sustainable trade and industrial economy by dynasty took place, as a rule, during 150 years. On the other hand, favorable conditions for investment attracted the attention of the foreign bourgeoisie. These ways of entrepreneurship development determined that active, talented, educated, business people who knew how to think large-scale, risk-capable and possessed high adaptive qualities were concentrated in the Kama-Vyatka region. The entrepreneurial stratum played a large role in the socio-economic and cultural development of the province.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121229704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE CHUVASH AUTONOMY AS PART OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD – GORKY TERRITORY (1929–1936): THE NATURE OF INTERACTION AMONG PARTY BODIES","authors":"A. V. Chernyshova, E. Rzaev","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-104-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-104-112","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the period when the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ChASSR) existed as a part of Nizhny Novgorod – Gorky Territory in 1929 – 1936. The reasons for the unification of regions are defined. The role of the ACP (b) governing bodies in the development of the region in the conditions of forced socialism construction is shown. The mechanisms of interaction between the party bodies of the ACP (b) regional organization and the party bodies of the Chuvash Autonomy are presented. The materials of regional party conferences reveal territory committee’s positive and negative assessments of the activity performed by the Chuvash party organization on solving the main problems of the Soviet society development in the 1930s: ensuring the industrial development of the Republic, collectivization and improvement of agriculture efficiency, cultural development of the region, its personnel support on the principles of indigenization. The analysis of meeting agendas defined the role of the plenum, the secretariat of the Party’s territory committee and regional assemblies of the party active core in improving the effectiveness of the party bodies of the Chuvash autonomy. Examples of interaction between sectoral structural divisions and institutions of party bodies to solve the problems of management personnel quality and anti-religious activity are given. The main features of interaction between the party bodies of Nizhny Novgorod – Gorky Territory and Chuvashia are emphasized. Prospects of performing research of the stated problem, its source base are determined.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117345353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ON THE REVIVAL OF RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS: ALL-RUSSIAN TRENDS AND REGIONAL ASPECTS (late 20th – beginning of 21st century)","authors":"A. Gulyaev, A. A. Ivanov","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-18-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-18-27","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of the latest research and data of sociological sources, the article examines the revival of religious institutions in Russia in the late 20th – early 21th century. The relevance of scientific research is due to the important role of religious institutions in the process of development of civilization, culture, ideological education and social consciousness. Religion has been and remains the basis of an ideological instrument in any state since its inception. The evolvement and development of a rule-of-law state largely depends on the level of civil society development and on the ideological orientation of the population, which, in turn, is an objective social basis of a democratic state. In the last few decades, the issues of religion have been very actively covered in the media, religious programs have been appearing on TV, clerics are invited to talk shows, and the internet is filled with religious sites. The relationship between the existence of religious associations and changes in the socio-political situation in the country in individual confessions, including by changing the dynamics of their number is shown. Like any social institution, religion has its own special cultural symbols, which in an extremely concentrated form create a religious picture of the world in public consciousness. The level of civil society development is largely determined by the existence of autonomous public associations that unite the society and ensure its effective interaction with the state. The conclusion about the development of a certain system of institutional norms in the change of ideological standards in the modern Russian Federation is formed. Special attention is paid to the regional aspect of the problem on the materials of the Mari El Republic.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125941910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROBLEMS OF POPULATION EVACUATION TO ARKHANGELSK AND VOLOGDA REGIONS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR","authors":"A. Pokhilyuk, A. V. Nikolenko","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-84-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-84-90","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of the evacuated population to Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions. The authors provide data on people evacuated to these regions during the Great Patriotic War, indicating the range of problems solved by local authorities: ensuring transit, accommodation, living arrangements, provision of food etc. Against the background of difficult economic situation of Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions, the organizational work of managers of various levels to solve complex socio-economic problems is shown. The authors investigate the ways and the means of organizing life support for the evacuated population and come to the conclusion that Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions, the economy of which performed poorly at the beginning of the war and which had to accept and house tens of thousands of people on their territory, got through the task which was entrusted to them. A lot of work was done on the ground to support the people who arrived, which strengthened the unity of the front and the rear in this challenge for our country.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127763328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ON THE RESOLUTION OF THE 3rd ALL-RUSSIAN CONGRESS OF THE MUSLIMS IN 1906 DEVOTED TO THE REORGANIZATION OF CO-RELIGIONISTS’ SPIRITUAL AFFAIRS MANAGEMENT","authors":"I. K. Zagidullin","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-28-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-28-36","url":null,"abstract":"The article lists the main activities of 1905–1906, within the framework of which discussion of the Muslims’ public problems took place. Basing on the results of analyzing the program of the All-Russian party of Muslims “Ittifaq al-Muslim” (1906) concerning religious and national issues, it is summarized that it reflected the basic demands set out in the petitions of the Muslims in 1905 – demands for civil equality and advantage in status of Islamic religious institutions and the Spiritual Assembly. \u0000 \u0000The main place in the article is devoted to the analysis of one of the most important resolutions of the III All-Russian Congress of the Muslims in 1906, devoted to the topic of reforming the management of co-religionists’ spiritual affairs in the all-Russian scale. It turned out that similar issues were discussed at the meeting of Ulemas held in Ufa on April 10–16, 1905, and at that time the answers to some of them were externalized in the draft charter of the religious management. However, the authorities ignored the draft charter of Orenburg Mohammedan spiritual assembly. \u0000 \u0000During the analysis of the document’s text, sources of certain paragraphs of the congress resolution were revealed. It was found that some of the provisions were borrowed from the draft charter of Orenburg Mohammedan spiritual assembly and the ideas expressed at the meetings of Ufa Quriltai. This was also facilitated by the election of Kazan Mudarris Galimdzhan Barudi, a participant of Ufa Quriltai, as the chairman of the commission, which drafted this document, and availability of printed draft charter of Orenburg Mohammedan spiritual assembly for the participants of the congress. The article concludes that this document is a monument to the public thought of the Muslims of the period of the First Russian Revolution of 1905–1907, which represented the results of discussions of the Turkic peoples’ elites on this issue and identified the ways to reform the management of co-religionists’ spiritual affairs management.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121081599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRAINING OF PERSONNEL FOR THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC AT GORKY HIGHER PARTY SCHOOL (1946–1991)","authors":"Alexey A. Halin, E. A. Akimova","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-97-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-97-103","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issues of personnel training for the Chuvash ASSR, held at Gorky Higher Party School from 1946 to 1991. It is stated that Gorky one-year party school and interregional courses established during the Great Patriotic War laid the foundations for the development of party education, became the base of creating Gorky Higher Party School. The analysis of documents kept at the State Social and Political Archive of Nizhny Novgorod region demonstrates that on August 12, 1946, the Bureau of Gorky Regional Committee of the VKP (b) made the decision to create Gorky Regional Party School, which was to train top staffers for seven regions and four autonomous republics of the Volga region, including the Chuvash region. Already in 1951 the Chuvash regional committee of the ACP (b) sent 15 Soviet employees who, in accordance with the nomenclature of positions, were the closest reserve of the party leadership at the municipal and regional level. In the future, their number increased to 20–25 people annually. By the end of the 1950s, the problem of staff shortage in party and Soviet workers is replaced by the need for advanced training through the course system for a part of party and Soviet workers, which was implemented in the early 1960s. This resulted at first in a slight decrease in the number of attendees from the Chuvash ASSR in party school, but beginning with the mid-1960s the number of Chuvash attendees steadily increased. The following years are marked by a significant development of the correspondence department, as well as inter-regional courses of party and Soviet workers. In 1979, a study support center was opened in Cheboksary. In connection with this, in the subsequent 1970–1980s the contingent of attendees from the Chuvash ASSR significantly decreased. At the same time, training through correspondence department and inter-regional courses increased. Retraining of personnel at interregional courses was carried out, including in the form of practical classes, where the Party and Soviet establishment figures of the Chuvash ASSR spoke to the attendees in the relevant specialties. In the 1980s, the flow of interregional courses was practiced on the basis of regional governing bodies, including in the Chuvash regional party organization. This form of training facilitated the exchange of managerial experience and was welcomed by the attendees.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127059913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTORICAL NATURE OF MIGRATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA","authors":"Lyudmila I. Nikonova, Albina I. Minakova","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-174-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-174-181","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Constitution of Russia, the Russian Federation is a federal state and consists of 85 equal subjects, which are characterized by a high degree of diverse conditions and the state of social and economic development. As an object of research of migration processes, the authors considered Mordovia, included in the Russian Federation on the rights of an autonomous republic in 1936. This region of the Volga Federal District is one of the important subjects of the Russian Federation, as it is endowed with extensive areas, developed industry, good ecology, hundreds of museums; it is characterized by a multi-ethnic population structure. \u0000 \u0000The authors consider the main characteristics of spatial mobility of the Mordovian Territory population from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The main tendencies of migration processes development are described. Much attention is paid to the historical nature of migration, based on scientific research and state statistics. \u0000 \u0000Formation of polyethnicity of the Mordovian Republic developed historically due to different factors and events. Events of the Second World War, which provoked refugee from Western countries to the regions of Russia, location of camps with war prisoners in the territory of the Republic, industrialization and development of industrial enterprises, which required an influx of foreign specialists and workers in imported equipment maintenance, job placement after graduation from higher educational institutions of the USSR fraternal countries, the change of social status: admission of international students, interethnic marriages. The factors of adaptation of displaced persons in the aspect of socio-cultural interaction with local residents in the Republic of Mordovia are of particular importance. \u0000 \u0000The multifaceted study of polyethnicity in the Mordovian Republic actualizes the historical analysis, which shows the role played by the representatives of foreign peoples in forming the polyethnicity of the region, for which the authors provide statistical data of the All-Union censuses of the population of 1959, 1970 and 1979, the All-Russian census of 2002 and 2010, as well as archival materials, which are located in the Central State Archives of the Republic of Mordovia.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121480476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}