Historical Search最新文献

{"title":"MARI REGIONAL KOMSOMOL ORGANIZATION: PROSPECTS AND DYNAMICS OF DEVELOPMENT (1931 – JUNE 1941)","authors":"Valentina I. Sokolova, A. Evdokimova, Dmitriy A. Yaltaev","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-38-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-38-51","url":null,"abstract":"In modern realities, the issue of socialization of the younger generation and especially the youth is extremely acute, since the future of the country, the Russian civilization and preservation of the moral potential of the Homeland largely depend on its upbringing and education. In this regard, the experience of the Soviet past is important. The purpose of the research is to study the history of the development of Komsomol organizations of the Mari Autonomous Region (the Mari ASSR) from 1931 to June 1941, to consider the specifics of their activities, to identify the prospects that appeared in the youth organizations of the region during the period under study. Materials and methods. The article is based on historical sources and literature. Among the sources, statistical reports of Komsomol district organizations, summary statistics on the overall development of the Mari Region for the specified decade are important. Among the research methods used are historical-comparative, historical-genetic, statistical ones. Study results. The article shows the dynamics of the growth and development of Komsomol organizations, the specifics and uniqueness of youth organizations’ functioning as well as it reflects the main directions to which the Komsomol channeled its efforts and describes the main problems that young people faced in their work. The characteristic of the Communist Party’s supervision of the youth movement in the territory of the country and the region (republic), including international activities, is given. The Bolshevik Party is indicated to have become the fundamental element in the system of state administration, the reasons for the party and the state apparatus merging are considered. The place and the role of the Mari youth in reconstructing life in a new way are determined. Conclusions. The Soviet state paid the closest attention to upbringing the younger generation in the country, and the national regions were no exception.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"26 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF THE STATE NATIONAL POLICY AND INTERETHNIC INTERACTION IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF BASHKORTOSTAN, TATARSTAN AND CHUVASHIA). PART 2","authors":"E. Mineeva, A. Zykina, A. I. Mineev","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-27-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-27-37","url":null,"abstract":"Studying various aspects of the national policy of the Russian Federation in modern conditions attracts the attention of many researchers. This is due, firstly, to the rapid development of ethnic processes in the countries of Western Europe, and secondly, to the uniqueness of our country as a multinational and multi-confessional state. The purpose of the research is to study the peculiarities of the state national policy in modern conditions on the example of three multinational republics of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article was made by the fundamental principles for organizing research: scientific objectivity, historicism, consistency, comprehensiveness and complexity, recognizing legitimacy of pluralism in the research process, focusing on studying the events and phenomena of the past in all their complexity, inconsistency, mutual conditionality, in accordance with the specifics of the historical era, in connection with modernity. Besides methodological approaches, studying the topic of the article assumes mandatory knowledge of the literature and sources that make up the basic part of the research process. Results. The article characterizes current state of interethnic relations in Russia on the example of three national republics: Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and Chuvashia, which are polyethnic and multi-confessional subjects of the Russian Federation. Choosing these regions of the Ural-Volga region is conditioned by the fact that the titular ethnic groups here are cognate Turkic peoples: the Bashkirs, the Tatars and the Chuvash. When implementing the policy in the field of interethnic interaction in the country, the state authorities rely on such fundamental documents as the “Concept of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation” (1996), the Law of the Russian Federation “On National and Cultural Autonomy” (1996), the “Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025” (2012) and others. The article discusses the activities of regional authorities on forming mutual understanding and consent between ethnic groups living within individual republics. Each subject adopted special programs to implement the Strategy of the state national policy of the Russian Federation, taking into account its socio-economic and ethno-cultural development. Some attention is also paid to the activities carried out by national cultural autonomies in the national republics under consideration. Conclusions. In order to solve the research tasks set in the article, the authors analyzed the data of sociological surveys conducted to study ethno-cultural processes in the subjects of the Russian Federation, and examined the assessment of various aspects in interethnic relations by the population pf three republics; a separate emphasis is placed on the views and assessment of young people regarding the relationship between representatives of diffe","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERREGIONAL HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL TIES OF BASHKIRIA WITH CHUVASHIA IN THE 1990s","authors":"Vladik R. Sultangulov","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-52-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-52-58","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of cultural, social, political and economic ties between Bashkiria and Chuvashia in the 1990s. The purpose of the research is to study the experience of interregional interaction during the period of republics formation within the Russian Federation on the example of relations between Bashkiria and Chuvashia. Materials and methods. The peculiarity of this topic is the chronological coverage concerning modern Russian history, in this regard, the materials of the study are mainly represented by periodicals (regional newspapers and official journals of state authorities), as well as archives of liquidated authorities. The research methods are the historical-system method, the historical-comparative method, the principle of historicism is used as the basis of the work. The scientific novelty is manifested in the introduction of new materials from archives into scientific circulation, as well as in consideration of relations between Chuvashia and Bashkiria through a historical prism in the unity of cultural, political and economic spheres, which is expressed in the term “historical and cultural ties”. Study results. The author analyzes the first agreement between Chuvashia and Bashkiria in the post-Soviet period “On Cooperation in Socio-Economic, Cultural and Spiritual Spheres” dated April 25, 1991. The “Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation” dated 1994, which had not previously appeared in the studies, was studied. The joint measures on preserving cultural, political and economic ties between the state authorities of the republics are considered and the vectors of relations development are outlined. Conclusions. The analysis of historical and cultural ties revealed an increase in joint cultural and political events, with a decrease in the activity of economic relations in the second half of the 1990s. The main reasons for the reduction of interregional trade and the consequences of these processes are outlined.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTERETHNIC INTERACTION IN THE YOUTH ENVIRONMENT AT PRESENT STAGE: HISTORICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECT","authors":"A. I. Mineev, Natalia N. Pushkareva","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-83-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-83-92","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1990s, after the USSR collapse, during a period of spiritual vacuum, the Russian society turned out to be open and unprotected from the challenges connected with global problems of humanity. During this period, the rise of ethno-cultural traditions takes place in the regions of the country. Post-Soviet Russia becomes involved in intensive migration processes as well. All this actively affected the formation of new interethnic relations, in which the younger generation of the Russian Federation citizens became active participants. In this regard, the aim of the work is to study interethnic interaction among young people in various regions of Russia in order to prevent possible conflicts and to take preventive measures. Materials and methods. The article is prepared on the basis of sociological surveys conducted in 2022–2023 in the territory of 5 subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as on the basis of research literature. The survey was conducted among young people aged 18–30 years, taking into account the sociological sample and focus groups (anonymous survey, N = 1624). Results. Among the main results of the study, the main trends that have emerged should be singled out: the process of assimilation influence from the Russian ethnic group is observed in the regions; when describing their nationality, in some cases there are mixed answers, which indicates a complex identity of young people; for the majority of respondents, national identity is a fairly significant factor in life; most respondents are tolerant to marriage with representatives of various ethnic groups; the main part of the surveyed youth is familiar with their national culture. Given a favorable interethnic situation, the expert community expressed concern about preserving ethnic culture among young people. According to expert opinion, young people know their national roots quite superficially; for the new generation national languages are becoming colloquial with significant mixing with the Russian language; ignorance of their history among young people leads to a large amount of falsification of facts, including in the field of ethnography. Conclusions. The obtained information of a historical and sociological nature made it possible to study interethnic interaction among young people in the territory of 5 republics of Russia. Among the main results of the conducted research, the main trends that have emerged should be singled out: the process of assimilation influence from the Russian ethnic group is observed in the regions; for the majority of respondents, national identity is a fairly significant factor in life; most of the respondents are familiar with their national culture, etc. Given a favorable interethnic situation, the expert community expressed concern about preserving ethnic culture among young people.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLICATION OF NETNOGRAPHY METHODS IN THE STUDY OF MUSLIM PILGRIMS AND VISITORS TO THE HOLY PLACES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN","authors":"Tatiana A. Yavnaya","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-105-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-105-112","url":null,"abstract":"The number of pilgrims and visitors to the holy places of the Republic of Bashkortostan increases every year. New objects of worship are being built in the region every year and old ones are being improved. This article is devoted to the study of pilgrimage in Bashkiria at the present stage. The purpose of the article is to analyze the reasons for the increase in the number of pilgrims and the existing trends of religious tourism in Bashkiria. Materials and methods. Within the framework of the study, the materials of the field expedition were used, which were achieved through such methods as questionnaire, survey and overt observation. The methods of cyberethnography were also applied: the analysis of the Internet community, whose actors participate in events organized at the holy sites of the Southern Urals, was carried out. Scientific novelty. This work is the first to study a sharp increase in pilgrimage in Bashkiria after 2019. In addition, the author applied overt observation in the expedition, which was last carried out by ethnographers on these monuments in 2010. Currently, foreign and domestic scientists are actively implementing the method of cyberethnography in the study of modern trends, the author of the article for the first time uses the method of cyberethnography in the study of religious pilgrimage in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Study results. During the expedition, a survey of tourists, guides and pilgrims was conducted at the mausoleum of Kuseynbek and Tura Khan in Chishminsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, and at the Ilchigulovo-IV burial mound (sacred mountain Narystau) in Miyakinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, a questionnaire was also compiled for a group of tourists from Ufa and an analysis of pilgrims by gender and age using cyberethnography methods was carried out. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the flow of pilgrims and tourists to the holy places of the region increases annually. Conclusions. The most active visitors to the holy places are the Muslims associated with Sufi brotherhoods. Most of the Muslims’ holy places are organized on the site of archaeological sites of the XIV–XV centuries. According to demographic characteristics, tourists are mostly middle-aged and elderly women, which shows the need to improve the infrastructure for leisure and walking.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PROCESS OF INTRODUCING POLYTECHNICAL EDUCATION TO THE SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE EARLY 1930s (BASED ON ARCHIVAL SOURCES OF ULYANOVSK REGION)","authors":"Ramilya R. Krasnova","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-19-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-19-26","url":null,"abstract":"Rapidly changing global conditions dictate the need to reform the education system. For this process to be effective, it is supposed to study the historical experience, in particular the positive experience of reforming the Soviet education system, which indicates the practical significance of the research work. The purpose of the research is to study the process of introducing polytechnical education to the Soviet school in order to identify problems, difficulties and practical methods of their overcoming that could be applied at the present stage. Materials and methods. The materials of local archival sources and the press were used; the methods of introducing polytechnical education into the secondary education, as well as their actual implementation in schools were analyzed. Of scientific interest is the factual material (archival documents, publications in the local press), which provides a favorable basis for studying the way the party policy was implemented locally. Study results. The structure of the executive branch was a guarantee that party policy would be implemented, but bureaucratization hindered this process, which in general terms is the analogue of current situation. The multilateral system of control in the school system (administrative, party and public ones) contributed to the fact that the introduction of polytechnical education passed quite effectively not only in the city, but in rural areas as well. In addition, involvement of schoolchildren in real work activities, as well as introduction of practical classes, had a positive impact on the process of introducing polytechnical education and optimizing the entire education system. Conclusions. Introduction of theoretical classes in vocational guidance, as well as practical lessons, can contribute to improving the general level of education in modern schoolchildren, their awareness about the diversity of professions, and increase the prestige of “working” specialties. The author provides a parallel analysis of the situation in the early 1930s and the current state of the educational system, showing new opportunities of prompts for solving modern problems in the educational system.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONSTANTINE PORPHYROGENITUS: AΤΕΛΚΟΥΖΟΥ CONSTANTINE PORPHYROGENITUS: ATELKUZU","authors":"G. Kornilov","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-75-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-75-82","url":null,"abstract":"The treatise of Konstantin Porphyrogenitus “On the Management of the Empire” is the most authoritative source on toponymy and ethnonymics of Eastern Europe regions associated with the early history of the ancestors of the modern Slavs, Turks and Indo-Iranians, so every name mentioned in it continues to arouse the most lively interest to this day. The purpose of the study is to introduce some data that are not taken into account by historians-medievalists and evaluate the interpretations proposed by the author when reading E.M. Usmanov’s publications “On the Problem of Interpreting Medieval European Sources about the Ancestral Homeland of the Hungarians” and “The Hingilus River and the “Turks” of Konstantin Porphyrogenitus”. Materials and methods. The main research methods were the method of analyzing historical sources, including those used by predecessors, and the historical-genetic method. The article presents the views of those who had already addressed the problem of interpreting the geographical name Atel Kuzu mentioned in Konstantin’s treatise, as well as additional information from dictionaries and other historical and linguistic sources. Study results. The article establishes incorrectness of: 1) attributing the name Atel kuzu to the Kypchak source, since it has a bright Oguz phonomorphological appearance; 2) attributing the meaning “source; top of the river” to the Bashkir word кѳҙ/күҙ; 3) searching for the territory called Atel kuzu in the Southern Urals. Based on the material of toponymic dictionaries, it is proved that in all the names of the river sources recorded in the territory of Bashkortostan are formed on the basis of the geographical nomenclature term bash “head; beginning; source, top”, it turns out that the Oguz appearance of the toponym Atel Kuzu is associated with the fact that all medieval authors consistently call the Hungarians as the Turks. Conclusions. The new, sensational derivation of the etymology for the historical toponym Atel Kuzu basing on the data of the modern Bashkir language does not stand up to criticism.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEGAL REGULATION OF THE SELECTION AND DESTRUCTION OF ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY: REGIONAL ASPECTS","authors":"Vladimir G. Tkachenko","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-126-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-126-151","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to analyze the legislative regulation of the processes of selecting and destructing archival documents, which since the second half of the XIX century influenced the formation of complexes of archival documents in local government bodies and determined their information potential. Methods and materials. The published legislative acts of the Russian Empire and departmental legal acts of the ministries of archival affairs were used as the source base of the study. The research is based on the basic principles of historical cognition: historicism, consistency, objectivity. Taking into account the homogeneity of the text arrays of sources involved, the content analysis of legislative and regulatory legal acts was used as the main method, which made it possible to trace the main trends, to identify some patterns and assess the processes underlying management decisions in the field of selecting for archival storage and destruction of documents that lost their practical significance. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that such an analysis has not been carried out yet. As a rule, most authors limited themselves to mentioning a number of legislative norms and stating the fact about a significant number of archival documents destroyed during the period under review. The scientific and practical significance of the proposed publication corresponds to the needs of modern understanding the historical experience of the national archive-keeping. Study results. In the Russian legislation on archives during the XVIII – first third of the XIX century there were no prescriptions concerning the procedures for selecting for storage and destruction of cases. By the middle of the XIX century state institutions of the Russian Empire faced a very serious problem of a shortage in premises for archives and the need to solve the issues about the fate of archival documents accumulated in them. The situation was further aggravated by the reforms of the 1860s – 1870s, as a result of which it became necessary to decide the future fate of documents of the liquidated institutions as well. Since the beginning of the 1860s, the legislative initiative on the analysis of archives and destroying files was mainly aimed at taking organizational and methodological measures. Only during 1861–1869, 11 legislative acts regulating the organization of storage and destruction of resolved cases in the main departments of the Russian Empire were published. It was during this period that special “timetables” began to be actively used – they were the lists of documents indicating the terms of their storage. In total, after 1845, 12 such lists of cases for 9 departments were approved at the legislative level in Russia. However, at this, the supreme power in its legislative activity relied on the practice of adopting legislative acts for each department separately, which led to inconsistency in understanding the value of the same categories of document","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE STUDY OF MUSLIM HOLY SITES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS","authors":"Albina F. Valeeva, A. Tuzbekov","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-5-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-5-18","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent decade, there has been a tendency in the Southern Urals to reconstruct old holy places and to form new ones revered by the Muslims. To date, more than 115 such objects have been recorded. Most of them are revered only by residents of small villages, but some have become important for the Muslims throughout the region. The purpose of the study is to determine the most popular places of worship for the Muslims in the Southern Urals. Considering that some of the objects of regional importance have been revered by the Muslims since the XIV century, and others, having appeared relatively recently, quickly became one of the most visited places, it is necessary to determine the factors influencing the growth of this popularity. Historiographical base of the study. The research team analyzed the works of domestic and foreign authors, which mainly describe the conditions of the studied objects, religious rituals, organized events, etc. In addition, it was possible to attract the experience of researchers in implementing projects in geoinformation systems in religious studies. Materials and methods of the study. Geoinformation methods were used for the study. Based on archival materials, developments of archaeologists, ethnographers, theologians, culture experts, materials of Internet communities and other open sources, as well as the free cross-platform geoinformation system Quantum GIS, we have created the following layers: 1) mausoleums; 2) places of worship according to the data given by Russia’s Central Spiritual Governance for the Muslims; 3) places of worship according to the Internet community in the social network VKontakte Sufi RB; 4) religious tourist routes. Study results. Thanks to the use of geoinformation systems, it was possible to identify the most popular holy places among the Muslims of the Southern Urals. It is established that the most actively visited objects are the mausoleum of Hussein Bey in Chishminsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Ilchigulovo-IV burial mound (the sacred mountain Narystau) in Miyakinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the popularity of objects is influenced by a number of factors, among which the presence of a monumental structure, representation of the object in the media space and the Internet, as well as availability of objective scientific data about it are of key importance.","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"73 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEASANT DWELLING OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION IN THE MARI KRAI OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY: TYPOLOGICAL ASPECT","authors":"Anastasia V. Eparova","doi":"10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-59-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-59-74","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is determined by understanding the role of a settlement and housing complex in forming the resettlement centers of Russian relocatees in the Mari frontier-governorate, as they reflect a combination of traditional principles of forming a life support system and developing new living conditions. The importance of the chosen historical period for the study should also be noted; it contains a gradual transition to a new form of socio-economic development of the Russian Empire’s society and is accompanied by transformation of a number of cultural elements of the people, including those in the development of construction and architecture, household and everyday life. The purpose of the study is to analyze the housing complex of the Russians in order to identify criteria that determine its typological characteristics and features. Materials and methods. The source base of the research was the materials of written historical sources of an official, clerical, statistical and descriptive nature (circulars, orders, extracts, bills of sale, essays, notes on the economic state, etc.). A separate layer is made by cartographic material, including drawings and plans of rural settlements stored in the republican archive. The photographic material enables not only to illustrate typological characteristics, but also reflects continuity. Thus, the research uses the methods of analyzing a wide range of historical sources, including archival documents, some of which were published, cartographic material, photographic material of museum collections and ethnographic field material, historical-comparative, historical-typological methods. Study results. The results of the study on defining the typology of a dwelling of the Russian population of the Mari frontier-governorate in the XIX – early XX century are proposed. Studying the issues of resettlement and populating the territory of the Mari frontier-governorate by the Russians makes it possible to identify the main resettlement centers of the Russian population in the region, to track the former places of residence of the settlers, in order to determine the local cultural and common characteristics of the Russians, including those reflected in the settlement and housing complex. The main criteria for determining the typological characteristics of a peasant housing complex are identified, among which the geographical and the socio-economic factors play a primary role. The article offers an attempt to reflect the combination of the tradition of Russian wooden architecture and the influence of ethno-cultural interaction due to cohabitation of the Russian and Mari populations. The typology of the dwelling is based on a whole range of criteria, including the location of the dwelling in-situ, the dependence of the dwelling’s location on the layout of the settlement itself and taking into account the landscape, availability of building material and the choice of the place for construction, t","PeriodicalId":212815,"journal":{"name":"Historical Search","volume":"103 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}