Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health最新文献

{"title":"The role of regulatory policies on unhealthy commodities to prevent and control noncommunicable diseases in the Americas.","authors":"Fabio S Gomes, Rosa Carolina Sandoval, Itziar Belausteguigoitia, Ana Cristina Mena, Diana Ceron Diaz, Raul Martin Del Campo, Vanessa Garcia-Larsen","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.11","DOIUrl":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) cannot be addressed through clinical interventions alone. Population-level regulatory interventions-such as fiscal measures, marketing restrictions, and labeling regulations-are central to effective NCD prevention and control. This article addresses the role of regulatory policies in preventing NCDs, with a focus on progress and implementation gaps in the Americas. In the context of NCDs, unhealthy commodity industries, including companies that produce and promote tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food products, play a significant role in shaping patterns of NCD risk. Their activities influence not only the availability, access, and affordability of unhealthy commodities but also misinform the public's perception about what is healthy. These industries shape trends in consumption and harm while actively working to expand markets and influence regulatory environments in ways that may delay or dilute effective public health measures. Although considerable progress has been made in recent years, most Member States have not fully met their international commitments to regulate unhealthy commodities industries, products, practices, and policies. The fabrication of NCD epidemics due to the unhealthy commodities industries moves faster and stronger than the capacity to improve care for NCDs in the absence of effective policies to regulate these corporations' products, practices, and policies. Therefore, an essential component of the improvement of care for NCDs in the Americas is the strengthening of the regulatory capacities of Member States to regulate tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed products industries and to safeguard policies from their interference.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"50 ","pages":"e11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13292602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148332481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in family members of index cases in PeruPrevalência familiar da infecção pelo HTLV-1 a partir de um caso índice no Peru].","authors":"Maria Pia Bobadilla-Chuquiure, Lorena Quiliche-Arévalo, Fernando Mejía, Gabriela Garrido-Pinzás, Dyana Guardia, Elsa Gonzales-Lagos, Eduardo Gotuzzo","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.14","DOIUrl":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection among the family members of positive index cases referred to a specialized center in Peru and its distribution by type of relationship and presence of diseases associated with the infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted in which the records of the HTLV-1 Research Unit of the Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine in Peru were reviewed. Index cases, defined as the first positive individual in each family group, were identified and the prevalence of HTLV-1 among their immediate family members (father, mother, siblings, children, and partners) was determined using a cluster estimator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1255 index cases and 3431 family members were studied. The frequency among family members studied was 30.30%. The prevalence of HTLV-1 among family members was 36.43% (95% CI: 34.67-38.23) The specific frequencies were: 63.30% among mothers, 52.33% among fathers, 32.65% among siblings, 22.84% among children, and 57.19% among partners.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence found suggests the existence of intrafamilial transmission in the cohort, which points to a need for further studies to identify associated risk factors. The findings highlight the need to implement a new screening strategy in the country in which close relatives of all HTLV-1-positive cases are tested. This approach should be reflected in public health policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"50 ","pages":"e14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal trends in and challenges of addressing tuberculosis in Brazil before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, 2001-2023.","authors":"Daiane Alves da Silva, Rodrigo de Macedo Couto, Layana Costa Alves, João Vitor Perez de Souza, Kleydson Bonfim Andrade Alves, Patrícia Bartholomay, Ghabriela Boitrago, Núbia Cristina da Silva, Fernanda Dockhorn Costa, Gerson Fernando Pereira, Catherine Staton, João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, Thiago Augusto Hernandes Rocha","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.10","DOIUrl":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify spatiotemporal patterns and clusters of tuberculosis (TB) in Brazil between 2001 and 2023, assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB trends, and provide recommendations for targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This ecological study analyzed secondary data from Brazil's Notifiable Diseases Information System (known as SINAN), which covers all confirmed TB cases during the study period. Three main indicators were analyzed: TB incidence and two treatment outcomes - cure and loss to follow up. Spatiotemporal cluster analysis was conducted using the Emerging Hot Spot Analysis tool in ArcGIS Pro 2.8 (Esri, Redlands, CA, USA), based on the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An average of 74 057 TB cases were reported annually. TB incidence declined until 2016 but increased afterward, peaking in 2023. Cure rates declined after 2016, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic, while the rates of loss to follow up increased. Hot spots for incidence and loss to follow up were concentrated in the North, Southeast, and Central-West regions. The South region showed cold spots for cure and loss to follow up. These spatial trends revealed persistent regional disparities in TB outcomes that are closely related to indicators associated with socioeconomic status and access to health care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TB continues to present critical public health challenges in Brazil, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed significant regional clusters of TB burden. Strengthening surveillance systems and improving early diagnosis and treatment adherence strategies, especially in high-burden regions, are essential to mitigate the post-pandemic resurgence of TB and to achieve the World Health Organization's goal of eliminating TB by 2035.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"50 ","pages":"e10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained increase in measles cases prompts the Americas to strengthen surveillance, rapid response and vaccination efforts.","authors":"","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2026.25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"50 ","pages":"e25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and opportunities in implementing adolescent sexual and reproductive health interventions in rural Guatemala: an exploratory descriptive study.","authors":"Diana Carolina Chaparro Buitrago, Andrea Baumann, Olive Wahoush, Christy Gombay, Tim O'Shea","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.13","DOIUrl":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore barriers and opportunities in implementing adolescent sexual and reproductive health interventions in four rural Indigenous communities in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory descriptive qualitative study was conducted using stakeholder mapping and a reflexive thematic approach. Data were collected through 20 semistructured interviews with key stakeholders involved in adolescent sexual and reproductive health programming.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Persistent barriers included limited institutional capacity, inadequate access to and coverage of comprehensive sexuality education and health care services (including youth-friendly spaces), and resistance rooted in family, religious, and community values. Structural issues, such as underfunding, political turnover, and limited multisectoral coordination, further hinder program sustainability. Opportunities for enhancing interventions were identified through community participation, youth leadership, demographic changes, technological advancements, and the integration of mental health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Strengthening governance, promoting inclusive multisectoral coordination, and leveraging adolescent and community engagement are crucial for implementing sustainable, culturally grounded sexual and reproductive health interventions in Indigenous communities in Guatemala and similar contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"50 ","pages":"e13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early onset of seasonal influenza and emerging RSV activity: Implications for health systems.","authors":"","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2026.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"50 ","pages":"e19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Telegeriatrics for chronic disease management through polypharmacy reduction in primary health careTelegeriatria para o controle de doenças crônicas por meio da redução da polifarmácia na atenção primária à saúde].","authors":"Sofía Ponce, Josefina Galimany, Gerardo Fasce, Sara Arancibia","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.8","DOIUrl":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of using asynchronous geriatric consultations to reduce polypharmacy and unscheduled consultations in older persons in Chile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An asynchronous geriatric teleconsultation was introduced that enabled primary care teams to present clinical cases to a multidisciplinary geriatrics team, resulting in changes in chronic disease management and the optimization of pharmacological treatment. A total of 462 consultations between May 2022 and January 2024 were randomly analyzed. Descriptive analyses and hypothesis testing were used before and after the intervention, with follow-up at six months. The number of medications, potentially inappropriate medications, and unscheduled consultations were measured as outcome variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of geriatric teleconsultations was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the total number of medications prescribed, potentially inappropriate medications, and the frequency of unscheduled consultations among older persons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Telegeriatrics allows for multidisciplinary review of therapeutic regimens and has demonstrated a relevant clinical impact by suspending the prescription of pharmaceuticals and reducing unscheduled visits. It is a safe and effective tool for improving care and reducing health inequities in primary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"50 ","pages":"e8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12888927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policies towards elimination of congenital syphilis in Latin America and the Caribbean: a regional review.","authors":"Bernardo Nuche-Berenguer, Melissa Mena, Leandro Sereno, Mónica Alonso","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.12","DOIUrl":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Syphilis remains an important public health challenge in the Americas, with a rising incidence among adults, including pregnant women, leading to an increased number of cases of congenital syphilis. The syphilis resurgence stems from health system gaps, behavioral changes and social determinants. A regional survey and policy review in Latin America and the Caribbean showed that most countries have national policies for syphilis screening and have made progress in the implementation of rapid tests, test-and-treat strategies, partner services, and timely treatment. However, missed opportunities to reduce congenital syphilis persist. For example, regulatory barriers still prevent non-physician health care professionals from undertaking syphilis screening and treatment, insufficient training on screening and treatment is provided for these health care workers, test results are often delayed, stock-outs of supplies for screening and treatment occur, and strategies for management of pregnant women's partners are weak. These challenges limit access to timely testing and care. Positioning syphilis and congenital syphilis elimination as a national and local priority is essential to address this growing public health emergency.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"50 ","pages":"e12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12888926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-country analysis of health systems and hospital utilization across the Amazon.","authors":"Sofia Castro Vargas, Laura Goyeneche, Sebastian Bauhoff","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.9","DOIUrl":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health systems in the Amazon face deep structural challenges that limit access to timely and quality care. This study provides a cross-country comparative analysis of health care infrastructure and hospital utilization in the Amazon, with a particular focus on urban settlements. Using a descriptive analysis across geographical areas and publicly available data from Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru from 2021 to 2022, facility availability and hospital discharges are analyzed across different geographical groups: national, non-Amazon area and the Amazon. Within the Amazon, data are disaggregated by urban and non-urban areas. Facility density in the Amazon is slightly lower than national averages, although urban areas within the Amazon have the highest concentration of health care infrastructure and specialized services. Despite this concentration, hospitalization rates are consistently higher in the Amazon than nationwide. Maternal and neonatal admissions carry relatively higher intrahospital mortality, reflecting potential delays in care. Hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions account for a similar share of admissions in the Amazon and national contexts, but their per capita rates are higher in Amazon areas, including urban settlements. These results highlight that an urban location mitigates but does not eliminate structural barriers to accessing effective health care in the Amazon. Strengthening primary care and referral systems, and providing culturally adapted service delivery are essential to improve health systems and health outcomes across this diverse and vulnerable area.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"50 ","pages":"e9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12888929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Virus-Associated Lymphoma Research in Latin America: A Global Opportunity for Cancer Science.","authors":"Irene Tamí-Maury, Bryan Valcarcel, Maria Alejandra Torres, Arlett Hernandez Chavez, Luis Malpica","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.15","DOIUrl":"10.26633/RPSP.2026.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"50 ","pages":"e15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12888928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}