Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Sodium content in packaged foods and beverages in Argentina in 2024 and policy implications.","authors":"Leila Guarnieri, Florencia Cámara, Maria Victoria Tiscornia, Malena Pirola, Luciana Castronuovo","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2025.98","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To analyze the sodium content of packaged foods and beverages sold in Argentina in 2024, evaluate changes since 2022, and assess compliance with national regulations and the Updated Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Regional Sodium Reduction Targets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted using nutrition label data from 3 915 products collected in April-May 2024 in Buenos Aires supermarkets. Two chains were selected among the six major retailers covering 80% of the national market. Sodium levels were compared against limits established by the National Sodium Reduction Law (866 products) and PAHO regional targets (2 630 products). The 2024 data were compared with a 2022 sample of 3 665 products collected using the same methodology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Categories with the highest median sodium content included meat and fish condiments (4 417 mg/100 g), appetizers (1 873 mg/100 g), luncheon meat and sausages (1 050 mg/100 g), hard cheese (900 mg/100 g), and dressings (788 mg/100 g). Significant sodium reductions occurred in 11 of 66 categories (16.7%) between 2022 and 2024, including condiments (-9 083 mg/100 g) and bread (-167 mg/100 g). Compliance with the National Law was high; only 5.8% of products exceeded limits, mainly hamburger buns (27.8%) and mayonnaise (22%). Compared to the PAHO targets, 44.5% of products exceeded the 2022 thresholds and 52.5% the 2025 thresholds, with the highest noncompliance in fresh pasta (94.3%) and savory snacks (68-77%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Updating the National Sodium Reduction Law and strengthening policies are essential to further reduce sodium intake and improve health.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"e98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Costa Rica's trans-fat ban impact on cardiovascular disease: a macrosimulation study.","authors":"Rafael Monge-Rojas, Rulamán Vargas-Quesada, Victor Villalobos-Daniel, Eduardo Augusto Fernandes Nilson","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2025.97","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study uses a modeling framework to assess the potential impact of implementing the World Health Organization (WHO) REPLACE strategy to reduce the intake of industrially produced trans-fatty acids (IP-TFAs) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Costa Rica.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The TFA Macrosimulation Model was used to estimate reductions in CVD mortality under three regulatory scenarios: (1) setting IP-TFA limits at 2% in oils and fats and 5% in other foods; (2) applying a uniform 2% IP-TFA limit across all foods; and (3) implementing a complete ban on partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model estimates that enforcing a 2% IP-TFA limit across all foods could prevent or delay approximately 128 deaths annually (3.0% of CVD mortality), while a full PHO ban could avert about 215 deaths per year (5.0% of CVD mortality). Economically, the PHO ban could yield annual savings of approximately US$2.1 million by reducing productivity losses associated with premature mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implementing the WHO REPLACE strategy has the potential to substantially reduce CVD mortality, while also improving the population's health and economic productivity. These findings offer strong evidence to advocate for regulatory actions in Costa Rica and other nations across the Americas region to eliminate IP-TFAs from the food supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"e97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effectiveness of a community strategy for the treatment of tuberculosis in vulnerable contexts in the city of Buenos AiresEfetividade de uma estratégia de base comunitária para o tratamento da tuberculose em contextos vulneráveis da Cidade de Buenos Aires].","authors":"Santiago Jiménez, Analía Rearte, Ramiro Rearte, Hugo Fernández, Belen Spirito, Micaela Blanco, Maria Eugenia Canton, Silvina Daquila, Luna Ferro, Juan Carlos Bossio, Martina Pesce, Marcelo Vila, Carla Vizzotti","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2025.100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy implemented by Casa Masantonio for the treatment of tuberculosis and to analyze the associated factors in vulnerable populations in the City of Buenos Aires between 2019 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study (2019-2023) was conducted using data from the National Health Surveillance System. We compared treatment success among patients at Casa Masantonio (n=145) with the usual treatment strategies in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (n=17 965). Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment variables were analyzed. Crude and adjusted risk ratios (RR) were estimated by Poisson regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The success rate was significantly higher in Casa Masantonio (93.8%) compared to the general population (70.2%) (RRa 1.48; CI 95%: 1.24-1.74), and loss to follow-up was substantially lower (2.1% vs. 19.9%). Likewise, mortality was lower at Casa Masantonio (4.1% vs. 9.7%); RRa 0.40; CI 95%: 0.16-0.82). This center served a highly vulnerable population, 55% homeless and 77% with problematic substance use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results highlight the effectiveness of a comprehensive, person-centered approach adapted to the social and health conditions of each patient. This model not only improves clinical outcomes but also demonstrates that in order to achieve success in the treatment of diseases such as tuberculosis, it is essential to integrate social, territorial, and community support.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"e100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating actions in primary health care.","authors":"Silvana Luciani, Anselm Hennis, Jonas Gonseth-Garcia, Irene Agurto, Carlos Santos-Burgoa, Graciela Abriata, Patricia J Garcia","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2025.80","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"e80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating integration of noncommunicable diseases into primary health care.","authors":"Jarbas Barbosa da Silva","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2025.79","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"e79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparing for ICD-11 transition: lessons from case studies in Argentina and Mexico.","authors":"Carmen L Ballester-Otero, Maryam Tavakkoli, Katri Kontio, Jenna Thelen, Olga Helena Joos, Carlos Gustavo Guevel, Manuel Yáñez, Rebeca Revenga Becedas, Carmen Sant Fruchtman, Andrea Gerger, Keith Denny, Daniel Cobos Munoz","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.95","DOIUrl":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.95","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the early stages of the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) implementation in Argentina and Mexico, focusing on mortality coding, to identify essential elements and key considerations for successful adoption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Qualitative analysis was conducted using case studies from Argentina and Mexico. Data were collected through interviews, workshops, and document analysis to uncover opportunities, challenges, and strategic decisions in ICD-11 implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key findings highlight the critical role of comprehensive system assessments, strategic partnerships, financial planning, technological readiness, targeted training initiatives, and structured evaluation mechanisms. Both countries emphasized the importance of tailored strategies aligned with their unique contexts and highlighted the need for collaboration across sectors and the establishment of national task forces. Challenges included navigating the complexities of integrating ICD-11 within existing systems and enhancing interoperability through accelerated development of tools and establishment of expert networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tailored strategies are essential for integrating ICD-11 into national health information systems. Greater collaboration, establishment of national task forces, and clear monitoring frameworks are crucial for successful implementation. Guided by digital health and health informatics expertise, countries can overcome challenges and align with broader health care objectives, thereby ultimately enhancing global health outcomes through effective ICD-11 adoption. By learning from early adopters such as Argentina and Mexico, other countries can better prepare for their own transitions to ICD-11.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"e95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Digital health and its impacts on the access of minority groups to primary care: a systematic reviewLa salud digital y su impacto en el acceso a la atención primaria de salud en grupos minoritarios: revisión sistemática].","authors":"Gabriela de Oliveira Laguna Silva, Gabriel Ricardo Fernandes, Jacqueline Castro da Rocha, Gabriela Tizianel Aguilar, Isadora D'Avila Lottici, Andressa Dutra Dode, Felipe Cezar Cabral, Taís de Campos Moreira, Maria Eulália Vinadé Chagas","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.96","DOIUrl":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.96","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify digital interventions applied in the context of primary health care (PHC) and assess their impact on access to health care by minority population groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review of randomized clinical trials evaluating digital interventions in PHC settings, with health care access as the primary outcome. Searches were carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, and LILACS databases up to January 2025, with no restrictions regarding language, country, or year. The interventions were further analyzed using the PROGRESS-Plus framework to identify the social vulnerability markers addressed in the studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six studies were included, all conducted in the United States, focusing on populations vulnerable due to race (Black and Hispanic/Latino individuals), gender (women), education level (individuals with low educational attainment), and socioeconomic status (low-income individuals). Most participants (adults aged 30 to 60 years) were overweight or obese and had chronic comorbidities. In all studies, digital solutions were integrated into interprofessional practices involving dietitians, nurses, pharmacists, physicians, and/or psychologists, and were successful in improving clinical outcomes and expanding access to care. However, barriers related to digital and health literacy were reported, as well as difficulties using digital tools, particularly among participants with lower educational levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Realizing the equity potential of digital interventions requires overcoming barriers such as limited literacy, low connectivity, and social inequality through participatory design approaches and public policies guided by principles of social justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"e96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of and support for banning e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products among Mexicans who smoke.","authors":"Lizeth Cruz-Jiménez, Inti Barrientos-Gutiérrez, Katia Gallegos-Carrillo, Rosibel Rodríguez-Bolaños, Dèsirée Vidaña-Pérez, Edna Arillo-Santillán, James W Hardin, James F Thrasher","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.91","DOIUrl":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates awareness of and support for Mexico's bans on e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products among adults who smoke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were analyzed from a 2020 survey of adult Mexicans who exclusively smoked cigarettes (<i>n</i> = 1 324) or smoked cigarettes and used e-cigarettes (<i>n</i> = 654). Weighted multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models estimated crude and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for awareness of and support for bans on each product, regressing these outcomes on variables for sociodemographic characteristics, product use, perceptions of harms, norms and exposure to advertising.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weighted results indicated that 27.2% of respondents were aware of the e-cigarette ban and 15.5% supported it. Among the 805 respondents who had heard of heated tobacco products, 32.5% were aware of the ban on them, and 18.8% expressed support. Awareness of the e-cigarette ban was correlated with the frequent use of cigarettes (AOR: 2.15), while awareness of heated tobacco products was associated with current use of them (AOR: 2.36). Awareness of the bans was positively associated with support for them (AOR for e-cigarettes: 1.73; AOR for heated tobacco products: 2.17). Lower support was found among those who perceived the banned product as less harmful than cigarettes (AOR for e-cigarettes: 0.51; AOR for heated tobacco products: 0.32) or perceived information about the banned product as positive (i.e. in contrast to negative or neutral; AOR for e-cigarettes: 0.21; AOR for heated tobacco products: 0.43).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Awareness of and support for bans on e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products were low among Mexicans who smoke, especially among those who use these products or had favorable perceptions of the products and information about them.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"e91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of knowledge about childhood cancer among health professionals in five cities of ColombiaAvaliação do conhecimento sobre o câncer infantil entre profissionais de saúde de cinco cidades da Colômbia].","authors":"María Lourdes Calderón Mendoza, Yefferson Enciso Rodríguez, Devi Puerto Jiménez","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.93","DOIUrl":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.93","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess primary health care professionals' knowledge regarding the timely detection of childhood cancer in five priority cities in Colombia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical component, of 141 nursing, general medicine, family medicine, and pediatrics professionals in five of the Colombian cities with the highest rates of mortality due to this cause. A multivariate analysis was performed to predict the percentage of success obtained on each section of the test and overall.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is variability in childhood cancer knowledge among cities and professions. Fifty percent of the participants showed a good level of knowledge. The nursing group exhibited the lowest average score relative to the other participants. The lowest scores were observed in the city of Valledupar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An association was found between profession and knowledge about childhood cancer. Although there is an adequate level of knowledge about this disease in the five cities evaluated, areas of opportunity were identified to improve training on the early identification of cancer, especially in the group of nurses.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"e93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Implementation of a multilevel course to strengthen surveillance of ESAVI in NicaraguaImplementação de um curso multinível para fortalecer a vigilância de ESAVI na Nicarágua].","authors":"Ana Yoe-Cheng Chang, Nadia Romualdo, Patricia Arce, Jazmina Umaña, Leonardo Peralta, Cristhian Toledo","doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.94","DOIUrl":"10.26633/RPSP.2025.94","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the adaptation, preparation, and implementation of a multilevel course to strengthen health personnel capacity related to the surveillance cycle for events supposedly attributable to vaccination or immunization (ESAVI) in Nicaragua.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive study was developed based on the implementation of a multilevel course aimed at national and municipal managers of the Expanded Program on Immunization and Epidemiology. The educational strategy included virtual learning, peer-to-peer learning, and pedagogical mediation with certified tutors. The process was structured in three phases: organization (definition of educational aspects), preparation (training of tutors and development of didactic material), and implementation. It was divided into two editions: the first included virtual seminars and practical classes with case-problems, while the second condensed the content and applied peer-to-peer learning. Perceptions were assessed through an online survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 88% (184 participants) completed all course activities. The survey results reflected positive perceptions of different aspects of the course that facilitated learning and communication: topics (97%, n= 156), case studies (96%, n= 155), practical classes (95%, n= 153), teaching resources (92%, n= 148), evaluation (89%, n= 143), and the use of Zoom (87.7%, n=141) and WhatsApp (92.5%, n= 149). The main strengths mentioned were useful information, professional growth, and the relevance of the topics. The main difficulties mentioned were the schedule for the course activities and Internet access and quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Nicaraguan experience contextualizes the multilevel educational strategy through case studies and the use of available technology, highlighting the virtual modality and pedagogical mediation as key elements for capacity building in municipalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":21264,"journal":{"name":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica-pan American Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"e94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}