Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Fonoaudiologia最新文献

{"title":"Differentiating speech delay from disorder: does it matter?","authors":"H. Wertzner, L. Pagan-Neves","doi":"10.1590/S1516-80342011000400022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400022","url":null,"abstract":"O diagnostico de criancas que apresentam alteracoes de fala ainda gera muitas discussoes apesar dos grandes avancos alcancados nos ultimos dez anos. Sabe-se que o disturbio fonologico e heterogeneo em aspectos como causa, natureza do deficit subjacente e manifestacao fonologica.Classificar o disturbio e dificil e e preciso estabelecer qual o criterio que se definiu como base para a classificacao adotada. Dodd (2011) retoma em seu estudo a questao da diferenciacao entre atraso e disturbio fonologico. Por definicao considera que criancas com atraso fonologico apresentam padroes de erros que sao observados em criancas com idade cronologica menor de acordo com dados normativos. Ja as criancas com disturbio fonologico demonstram tambem pelo menos um padrao de erro atipico, ou seja, nao encontrado no desenvolvimento tipico de criancas falantes da mesma lingua. A autora do artigo aponta que varios estudos na literatura indicam como fatores explicativos tanto do atraso como do disturbio, uma inter-relacao entre os aspectos motores rela-cionados a producao dos sons, a percepcao auditiva e visual e os aspectos cognitivo-linguisticos, sendo que a dificuldade em um desses aspectos pode estar mais evidente em um caso do que em outro. Estudos anteriores realizados por Dodd e seu grupo de pesquisa apontaram que embora os tres aspectos contribuam para o desenvolvimento fonologico, em criancas com disturbio fonologico parece que a habilidade de abstrair regras fonologicas e a mais importante. Tal achado evidencia, segundo a autora, a dificuldade cognitivo-linguistica subja-cente a falta de organizacao e do conhecimento das regras fonologicas da lingua.Em busca de contribuicoes para o entendimento da diferen -ciacao entre as caracteristicas cognitivo-linguisticas apresen -tadas nos casos de atraso e de disturbio fonologico, a autora do artigo se baseia na afirmacao de que a diferenca entre as criancas que apresentam atraso daquelas com disturbio esta no tipo e no numero de erros que elas apresentam na fala. Desta forma, estabelece como hipotese do estudo que criancas com disturbio fonologico consistente tem desempenho pior do que criancas com atraso fonologico em medidas de abstracao de regras e em flexibilidade cognitiva.A pesquisa incluiu 46 criancas, sendo 23 com atraso fo-nologico e 23 com disturbio fonologico, pareadas por idade e genero. Todas as criancas fizeram parte de um grupo maior composto por 275 criancas que foram avaliadas em relacao as habilidades de processamento da informacao auditiva e as habilidades motoras orais por Dodd e McIntosh","PeriodicalId":21204,"journal":{"name":"Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Fonoaudiologia","volume":"16 1","pages":"490-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67593852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pronto atendimento a usuários de dispositivos de amplificação sonora","authors":"Tiago de Melo Araújo, Beatriz Castro Andrade Mendes, B. Novaes","doi":"10.1590/S1516-80342011000400017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400017","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To establish the demographic and audiological characteristics of subjects users of hearing aids (HA) that requested a return at a Hearing Health Service, and to identify and analyze the reasons for the return and conducts generated during the Emergency Care (EC). METHODS: Participants were 440 subjects older than three years, with diagnosis and provision of hearing aids at the service where the research was conducted. Demographic and audiological characteristics and the reason for the use of hearing aids were collected from medical records and specific form used at the EC. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The studied group was characterized mostly by female individuals, elderly, with incomplete elementary school education, moderate hearing loss, and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Most subjects used hearing aids with binaural BTE. As for the time of use, more than 70% used the hearing aid for the first time, 38% did so for a period inferior or equal to 12 months, and more than 65% for more than eight hours a day. The conducts hearing aid adjustment and orientation were more frequent for subjects with shorter use of the device, while the conducts technical assistance and replacement were more common for subjects with longer use. CONCLUSION: To identify the characteristics of patients users of HA, as well as the reasons of the return and conducts generated by the demand, contributes to better organization and quality of the service provided.","PeriodicalId":21204,"journal":{"name":"Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Fonoaudiologia","volume":"16 1","pages":"466-473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67593723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Média dos valores da frase em crianças com desvio fonológico evolutivo","authors":"Jamile Konzen Albiero, Roberta Michelon Melo, Fernanda Marafiga Wiethan, C. Mezzomo, Helena Bolli Mota","doi":"10.1590/S1516-80342011000400011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400011","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To determine the average values of phrase in children with phonological disorder, and to compare it with benchmark values proposed in literature. METHODS: The sample consisted of 16 children with phonological disorders, seven females and nine males, with ages between 4 years and 5 months and 7 years and 7 months. After confirmation of the diagnosis of developmental phonological disorder, subjects were submitted to language assessment through the investigation of the average values of phrase, as proposed in literature. In this assessment, using three different modalities of language enunciation, we collected the first five sentences spoken by each child, which were scored according to their complexity, by giving different weights to syntactic and lexical elements of each sentence. RESULTS: When compared with the reference children, children with developmental phonological disorder presented lower values in all variables analyzed, and this difference was significant. The same was observed when the group was divided into age groups, however, in the age groups of 5 to 7 years some modalities analyzed showed no differences. CONCLUSION: According to this study, children diagnosed with developmental phonological disorder may present losses in other areas of language, such as semantics and morphosyntax, which are more evident in the early age groups.","PeriodicalId":21204,"journal":{"name":"Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Fonoaudiologia","volume":"16 1","pages":"430-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67593999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resultados de um programa de triagem auditiva neonatal em Cuiabá: Mato Grosso","authors":"P. T. D. A. Rodrigues, Thiago Alves Ferreira de Carvalho, José Roberto Pereira Lauris, Eliane Schochat","doi":"10.1590/S1516-80342011000400015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400015","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To describe the results obtained in a newborn hearing screening program in the city of Cuiaba (MT), Brazil, in the period from 2009 to 2010. METHODS: We analyzed the otoacoustic emissions results of 1964 low-risk and 123 high-risk newborns, archived in the computer of the service, regarding the amount of those who passed or failed the screening. RESULTS: In the low-risk group, 94.5% passed, 1.2% failed and 4.3% did not return for re-test. In the high-risk group, 71.54% passed, 3.2% failed and 25.4% did not return for re-test. CONCLUSION: The results obtained by the program are in agreement with the expectations of international and national institutions.","PeriodicalId":21204,"journal":{"name":"Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Fonoaudiologia","volume":"16 1","pages":"454-458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67594106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Análise quantitativa do palato duro de respiradores orais: revisão de literatura Quantitative analysis of the hard palate of mouth breathers: literature review","authors":"Luana Cristina Berwig, A. M. T. Silva","doi":"10.1590/S1516-80342011000400020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400020","url":null,"abstract":"Mouth breathing generates many pathological adaptations in the orofacial structures and functions, such as alterations in the morphology of the hard palate. This structure actively participates in oral functions, deserving attention in the myofunctional orofacial evaluation, which have been increasingly using quantitative instruments. Even though the palate is difficult to be clinically assessed, little is known about the resources that can be used for quantitative evaluation of this structure. For this reason, we carried out this literature review, which had the aim to address the results of quantitative assessments of the palate of mouth breathers, as well as the instruments employed in these assessments. To this end, we reviewed national and international journals indexed in Medline, LILACS, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source (EBSCO) and HighWire Press databases between 1983 and 2009. Based on the results of the studies retrieved, we concluded that mouth breathing was more frequently associated to an increase in palatal depth, and less frequently to a decrease in palatal width. Furthermore, it was verified that palatal evaluations used different measurement instruments, based on palatal measures obtained from plaster casts, directly in the mouth, or in cephalometric radiographs. It is believed that the methods of quantitative assessment reviewed can contribute to a precise speech-language pathology diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":21204,"journal":{"name":"Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Fonoaudiologia","volume":"16 1","pages":"483-487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67593790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"O fonema /r/ e as alterações do sistema estomatognático, idade, gênero e gravidade no desvio fonológico","authors":"C. Marini, Ana Rita Brancalioni, Marileda Barichelo Gubiani, G. P. Freitas, M. Keske-Soares, Cláudio Cechella","doi":"10.1590/S1516-80342011000400010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400010","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To compare the production of the phoneme /r/ in children with phonological disorder (PD) and the stomatognathic system (SS) alterations considering the variables age, gender, and severity of the PD. METHODS: The sample was composed by 113 subjects with PD and SS alterations, of both genders, and with ages between 4 years and 8 years and 11 months, divided into two groups, considering the age range: pre-school age (4 years to 5 years and 11 months), and school age (6 years to 8 years and 11 months). The Child's Phonological Assessment and a stomatognathic system evaluation were carried out. The subjects were divided into two groups, according to the severity of PD: More Severe Degrees (MSD) and Milder Degrees (MD). Considering the phonological system, subjects were divided into GI: /r/ established, and GII: /r/ not established. The collected data were tabulated, analyzed and submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: No differences were observed between GI and GII regarding tongue, lips and cheeks position, tonicity and mobility, as well as in SS structures and functions. GI obtained better performance only in tongue vibration. It was verified a correlation between the acquisition of phoneme /r/ and age increase; no correlation was found between the acquisition of /r/ and gender. MSD of PD were more frequent in GII, and MD in GI. CONCLUSION: There is no relation between alterations in the PS and in structures and functions of the SS in children with PD; PD is related only with children's age.","PeriodicalId":21204,"journal":{"name":"Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Fonoaudiologia","volume":"16 1","pages":"422-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67593931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Percepção de limitações de atividades comunicativas, resolução temporal e figura-fundo em perda auditiva unilateral","authors":"M. Vieira, Regiane Nishihata, Brasília Maria Chiari, L. Pereira","doi":"10.1590/S1516-80342011000400014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400014","url":null,"abstract":"OBJETIVO: Avaliar os comportamentos auditivos de figura-fundo e resolucao temporal, e a auto-percepcao das limitacoes de atividades comunicativas de criancas e adolescentes portadores de perda auditiva unilateral. METODOS: Participaram do estudo 38 individuos, com idades entre 8 e 19 anos, divididos em: grupo estudo (portadores de perda auditiva unilateral) e grupo controle (ouvintes normais), cada um formado por 19 individuos, pareados conforme genero, idade e escolaridade. Todos foram submetidos a anamnese, avaliacao audiologica e aos procedimentos do estudo: questionario de auto-avaliacao das limitacoes de atividades comunicativas, testes de processamento auditivo Gaps-in-Noise e Pediatric Speech Intelligibility Test. A analise estatistica foi realizada por meio de testes nao parametricos. RESULTADOS: No grupo estudo, a perda auditiva unilateral na maioria dos participantes foi de grau profundo, com inicio na fase pre-escolar, com etiologias desconhecidas ou identificadas como meningite, traumas, caxumba e sarampo. A maioria dos individuos apresentou queixa de dificuldades de aprendizagem e mostrou limitacoes de atividades comunicativas de grau moderado predominantemente, e principalmente em situacoes ruidosas. No grupo estudo foram observadas as piores respostas tanto para os limiares de deteccao de gap como no teste Pediatric Speech Intelligibility Test obtidas na orelha normal. Nao houve correlacao significativa entre os limiares de deteccao de gap na orelha normal e o lado da orelha com perda auditiva. CONCLUSAO: Individuos com perda auditiva unilateral apresentam limitacoes de atividades comunicativas, principalmente em ambientes ruidosos associadas a piores habilidades auditivas de resolucao temporal e de figura-fundo.","PeriodicalId":21204,"journal":{"name":"Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Fonoaudiologia","volume":"16 1","pages":"445-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67594055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zumbido no trabalhador exposto ao ruído","authors":"Sandra Regina Weber, Eduardo Périco","doi":"10.1590/S1516-80342011000400016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400016","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To verify the characteristics, prevalence, and repercussion of tinnitus in noise-exposed workers. METHODS: A total of 585 workers from a food industry were questioned about tinnitus. Individuals that reported tinnitus with duration of more than five minutes and for more than six months answered an interview regarding occupational and tinnitus histories, answered to the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory questionnaire, and carried out a pure tone audiometry. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Tinnitus prevalence was 7.2% (n=42), the average noise exposure time was three years and eight months, and the average tinnitus perception time was three years and seven months. There was a predominance of intermittent (88%) and bilateral (53.4%) perception, with progressive onset (66.7%). A total of 50% didn't present hearing loss. The subjects reported that tinnitus interferes mainly in concentration; stress, silence and noise were the worsening factors most frequently mentioned. There was a difference between noise exposure time and tinnitus perception time in individuals without hearing loss. CONCLUSION: The absence of hearing loss in half the individuals and the correlation between noise exposure time and tinnitus perception time, in these subjects, suggest a possible effect of noise not restrained to the peripheral auditory system, and the need to include tinnitus in hearing conservation programs.","PeriodicalId":21204,"journal":{"name":"Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Fonoaudiologia","volume":"16 1","pages":"459-465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67594160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fonoterapia em glossectomia total: estudo de caso","authors":"C. Vieira","doi":"10.1590/S1516-80342011000400019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400019","url":null,"abstract":"Curative surgery for tongue cancer results in sequelae that harm the good functioning of the stomatognathic system. The aim of the present study is to describe a case study, reporting the evaluation and evolution findings of the speech-language pathology rehabilitation of the swallowing and speech functions of a 58-year-old man submitted to total glossectomy in June 2009. After evaluation, the subject was diagnosed with severe mechanical oropharyngeal dysphagia and alteration in speech articulation. Speech rehabilitation used direct and indirect therapies. Indirect therapy focused on oral motor control, sensitivity, mobility, motricity, tonus and posture of the structures adjacent to the resected tongue. Direct therapy used the head back posture maneuver to help the ejection of food into the pharynx. The patient started exclusive oral feeding, except for solid foods, after ten months in treatment. Over-articulation, speed and rhythm exercises were used to improve speech intelligibility. Thus, the results of speech-language pathology intervention were considered positive, and the patient was discharged after a year in treatment. It is concluded that tongue resections present significant sequelae to swallowing and speech functions and, therefore, speech-language pathology intervention activity is indispensible for the modification and adaptation of these functions, in addition to providing the patient with better quality of life.","PeriodicalId":21204,"journal":{"name":"Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Fonoaudiologia","volume":"16 1","pages":"479-482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S1516-80342011000400019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67593771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estudo das pausas em idosos","authors":"V. Martins, C. D. Andrade","doi":"10.1590/S1516-80342011000300017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-80342011000300017","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To verify the occurrence of pauses in the speech of elderly and their distribution according to frequency and duration. METHODS: Participants were 128 elderly subjects of both genders, divided into two groups: GI (60-79 years) and GII (80 years and older). Speech samples were gathered from all participants for the analysis of speech disruptions. Pauses were classified as: hesitation (one to two seconds) and pause (over two seconds). The analysis considered 200 fluent syllables in each speech sample. The groups were compared regarding the following variables: presence of pauses and hesitations; average duration of pauses; percentage of pause time; frequency of pauses and hesitations; and general frequency. RESULTS: There was a greater number of pauses and hesitations in GII. In the analysis of duration and percentage of pause time, no differences were found between groups. Regarding the frequency of pauses, hesitations and general pause (hesitation plus pauses), a difference was observed only for the last variable, with higher average occurrence for GII. CONCLUSION: Elderly over 80 years of age present more speech pauses than younger elderly. The study contributes as a marker on the changes in speech related to the amount of pauses, and as a comparative parameter for symptoms of diseases manifested by speech variations.","PeriodicalId":21204,"journal":{"name":"Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Fonoaudiologia","volume":"16 1","pages":"344-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S1516-80342011000300017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67592897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}