Reviews of infectious diseases最新文献_第9页

Experimental leishmaniasis in humans: review. 人类实验利什曼病:综述。

Reviews of infectious diseases Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/13.5.1009

P C Melby

{"title":"Experimental leishmaniasis in humans: review.","authors":"P C Melby","doi":"10.1093/clinids/13.5.1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.5.1009","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental infection of humans with Leishmania parasites has contributed significantly to the understanding of the etiology, transmission, and pathogenesis of leishmaniasis and the immunity associated with it. Leishmania organisms recovered from human and animal tissue, insect vectors, and in vitro cultures have all produced cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis in human subjects who were voluntarily inoculated with them. Volunteers bitten by infected Phlebotomine sandflies also developed cutaneous or visceral disease. In these experiments, it appeared that the parasite must undergo certain developmental changes within the sandfly for it to become infective and that the parasites in sandflies were far more efficient in causing full-blown infection than were cultured Leishmania organisms. The clinical manifestations of these experimental infections did not differ from infections that were acquired naturally. Natural or experimental infections appeared to confer resistance to subsequent leishmanial infection. This immunity was best documented to be a species-specific phenomenon; however, a small number of studies have demonstrated cross protection between some Leishmania species. In this review article, data from human experimental infections are summarized and discussed in light of recent advances in the field.","PeriodicalId":21184,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of infectious diseases","volume":"13 5","pages":"1009-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/clinids/13.5.1009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13121115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 60

Sporotrichosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: report of a case. 人类免疫缺陷病毒感染患者的孢子虫病:1例报告。

Reviews of infectious diseases Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/13.5.1027

P Keiser, D Whittle

引用次数: 21

Tricuspid valve group B streptococcal endocarditis following elective abortion. 选择性流产后三尖瓣B组链球菌性心内膜炎。

Reviews of infectious diseases Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/13.5.997

C V Vartian, E J Septimus

引用次数: 21

Headache and transient blindness in a 53-year-old woman. 53岁女性头痛和短暂性失明。

Reviews of infectious diseases Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/13.5.999

M B Goetz, W Clough, R D Meyer

引用次数: 0

Use of immunoglobulins in prevention and treatment of infection in critically ill patients: review and critique. 免疫球蛋白在预防和治疗危重患者感染中的应用:综述与批评。

Reviews of infectious diseases Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/13.5.985

G Zanetti, M P Glauser, J Baumgartner

{"title":"Use of immunoglobulins in prevention and treatment of infection in critically ill patients: review and critique.","authors":"G Zanetti, M P Glauser, J Baumgartner","doi":"10.1093/clinids/13.5.985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.5.985","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the use of standard intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations as adjunctive therapy for seriously ill patients is motivated by the need to restore immunoglobulin G depleted because of trauma or surgery and/or by the need to provide patients with specific antibodies to various microorganisms. Whereas no clinical studies have shown that standard IVIG has therapeutic efficacy, some data suggest that its prophylactic use is beneficial. Antisera or IVIG prepared from individuals who are hyperimmunized with the biologically active, highly conserved core portion of the endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria confer variable degrees of protection in animal models and clinical trials. Two clinical trials with use of monoclonal antibodies to core lipopolysaccharide have been completed. Only subsets of patients with gram-negative sepsis were protected by the monoclonal antibodies, but the results of the studies were discrepant in regard to the specific characteristics of patients who benefited from the administration of these antibodies. Further studies will be necessary to establish whether this therapy can be recommended for critically ill patients.","PeriodicalId":21184,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of infectious diseases","volume":"13 5","pages":"985-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/clinids/13.5.985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13121437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Prophylactic antibiotics in gynecologic and obstetric surgery. 妇科和产科手术中的预防性抗生素。

Reviews of infectious diseases Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/13.supplement_10.s821

D L Hemsell

引用次数: 99

Prophylaxis in otolaryngologic surgery and neurosurgery: a critical review. 耳鼻喉外科和神经外科的预防:一个重要的回顾。

Reviews of infectious diseases Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/13.supplement_10.s858

M Shapiro

{"title":"Prophylaxis in otolaryngologic surgery and neurosurgery: a critical review.","authors":"M Shapiro","doi":"10.1093/clinids/13.supplement_10.s858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.supplement_10.s858","url":null,"abstract":"In an assessment of prospective, controlled studies of antimicrobial prophylaxis against infections following otolaryngologic surgery and neurosurgery, the English-language literature on this topic was reviewed. Rates of infection following clean otolaryngologic operations are the same for patients receiving prophylaxis and those receiving placebo. For patients with head and neck cancer, rates of postoperative infection without antibiotic prophylaxis in clean surgery are less than 1%, and prophylaxis is not indicated; in contrast, in clean-contaminated procedures (infection rate, 18%-87%), prophylaxis is highly protective, although several studies have shown no advantage to its prolongation beyond 24 hours. For the latter operations, drugs with adequate activity against oral anaerobes are essential, whereas the need for coverage against Enterobacteriaceae is doubtful. In clean and clean-contaminated neurosurgical procedures, the rate of protective efficacy of prophylaxis ranges between 63% and 76%. For shunt operations the available evidence favors prophylaxis, but the wide range of infections reported mandates a large-scale multicenter trial to decide the issue.","PeriodicalId":21184,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of infectious diseases","volume":"13 Suppl 10 ","pages":"S858-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/clinids/13.supplement_10.s858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12918718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in middle Tennessee, 1989-1990. 1989-1990年田纳西州中部围手术期抗菌素预防。

Reviews of infectious diseases Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/CLINIDS/13.SUPPLEMENT_10.S874

J. Currier, H. Campbell, R. Platt, A. B. Kaiser

{"title":"Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in middle Tennessee, 1989-1990.","authors":"J. Currier, H. Campbell, R. Platt, A. B. Kaiser","doi":"10.1093/CLINIDS/13.SUPPLEMENT_10.S874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/CLINIDS/13.SUPPLEMENT_10.S874","url":null,"abstract":"The patterns of use of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis were assessed in a randomly selected sample of short-stay hospitals in middle Tennessee. Overall, 438 procedures (48%) were associated with antimicrobial prophylaxis. Prophylaxis was more common in hospitals with more than 400 beds than in smaller hospitals. Moreover, prophylactic antibiotics were given more often for procedures with a proven indication for prophylaxis than for those without a proven indication (60% vs. 41%, P less than .05); this relationship remained constant regardless of hospital size (common odds ratio, 2.09). However, prophylaxis for procedures with a proven indication was more likely to be given in teaching hospitals than in nonteaching hospitals (odds ratios, 5.41 vs. 1.94). The duration of prophylaxis was less than 2 days for 89% of procedures. A wide variety of agents were used. This study suggests that while improvements have been made over the past decade in decisions about the duration of prophylaxis, considerable variation remains in the selection of the procedures in which such treatment is administered and of the antimicrobial agents used.","PeriodicalId":21184,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of infectious diseases","volume":"139 1","pages":"S874-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76576172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Liver abscess due to Salmonella enteritidis 19 months after an episode of gastroenteritis in a man who underwent a cholecystectomy. 一名接受胆囊切除术的男子在肠胃炎发作19个月后因肠炎沙门氏菌引起的肝脓肿。

Reviews of infectious diseases Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/CLINIDS/13.5.1026-A

J. Collazos, V. Egurbide, J. de Miguel, J. Echeverría, M. Usera

引用次数: 8

Alteration of cutaneous staphylococcal flora as a consequence of antimicrobial prophylaxis. 皮肤葡萄球菌菌群的改变是抗菌预防的结果。

Reviews of infectious diseases Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/13.supplement_10.s805

G L Archer

引用次数: 79