Giuseppe Quintieri, Alessandro Corea, Carmen Colaci, Caterina Mercuri, Daniele Caracciolo, Patrizia Doldo
{"title":"Endoscopic Progression of Gastric DLBCL in an HIV-Positive Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Giuseppe Quintieri, Alessandro Corea, Carmen Colaci, Caterina Mercuri, Daniele Caracciolo, Patrizia Doldo","doi":"10.2174/0115748871396063251028053533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871396063251028053533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gastric Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that originates from B lymphocytes. It is the most common subtype among gastric lymphomas, accounting for approximately 30-40% of all lymphoma cases. The incidence of DLBCL varies depending on geographic region and age, with an annual incidence of approximately 5-7 cases per 100,000 people in Western countries. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have a significantly increased risk of developing lymphomas, including DLBCL, due to chronic immunosuppression. Before the advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), the incidence of DLBCL in patients with HIV was estimated to be 60 to 200 times higher than in the general population. After the introduction of HAART, the incidence of DLBCL decreased to approximately 24 times higher than in the general population. CD4 lymphocyte count is a key factor. Studies have shown that patients with lower CD4 counts and higher viral loads had an increased risk of systemic NHL, while the use of HAART was associated with a reduced incidence of NHL. In HIV-positive patients, DLBCL is often associated with greater aggressiveness and a less favorable prognosis compared to immunocompetent patients.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This case report describes a 67-year-old woman with a known diagnosis of HIV infection who presented with abdominal pain, unintentional weight loss, melena, and severe anemia. After 3 weeks from symptoms onset, an esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed numerous ulcerated areas in the stomach. Gastric biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of DLBCL, ABC-like subtype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the critical importance of early upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the follow-up of gastric lesions in HIV-positive patients, demonstrating how timely endoscopic monitoring serves as an essential tool to accurately assess the therapeutic effectiveness of antiviral and antitumor treatments. Direct visualization of the lesions' response enables prompt adjustment of therapy, significantly improving clinical outcomes. Moreover, the optimal management of such complex cases necessitates close multidisciplinary collaboration among hematologists, gastroenterologists, and infectious disease specialists. This interdisciplinary synergy is key to ensuring an integrated approach that enhances diagnostic precision, therapeutic strategies, and follow-up protocols, ultimately aiming to optimize patient outcomes and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riccardo Tartaglia, Chiara Parretti, Chiara Seghieri, Giuseppe Candido, Micaela La Regina, Francesco Venneri, Vittorio Fineschi
{"title":"Ergonomics and Management of Floseal Kit in Five Surgical Specialties and Medico-legal Implications.","authors":"Riccardo Tartaglia, Chiara Parretti, Chiara Seghieri, Giuseppe Candido, Micaela La Regina, Francesco Venneri, Vittorio Fineschi","doi":"10.2174/0115748871390858251126063614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871390858251126063614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Controlling bleeding is one of the most closely monitored aspects of surgery and is considered both a potential complication and a possible source of malpractice, representing a significant risk for the surgeon. Floseal (Baxter Healthcare Corporation) is a hemostatic matrix composed of gelatin and thrombin, designed to control bleeding in surgical settings where standard techniques are ineffective or impractical. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the use of Floseal kits across a variety of surgical procedures. Particular attention was given to the ergonomic characteristics, usability, and effectiveness of the device in relation to procedural complexity and the associated risk of hemorrhage.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Data from 95 clinical cases were collected through a survey of a sample of surgeons from three hospitals in the Tuscany Region (Italy). The survey gathered information on the use of Floseal kits across different types of surgeries, as well as the ergonomic aspects of their application. Additionally, a qualitative ergonomic analysis was performed through indirect observation of videos showing Floseal's use during surgical procedures. Based on these findings, potential medico-legal implications were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey results indicated that 93% of procedures required only one Floseal kit, with the highest usage observed in open surgeries (76%). The device was rated as highly effective, receiving scores of 4-5 on a Likert scale, and demonstrated excellent ease of use in 73% of cases. In terms of ergonomics, Floseal showed outstanding ease of application without significant difficulties, even in complex procedures such as robotic and laparoscopic surgeries.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Attention to proper usage is essential to avoid errors, such as application in non-expandable areas or the risk of intravascular thrombosis. Proper preparation of the device is necessary to ensure rapid intervention times. Additionally, some considerations are discussed regarding the potential role of AI in improving device ergonomics and its applications in surgical practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Floseal is a highly effective and user-friendly hemostatic device with broad applicability across various surgical specialties. The limited kit consumption per procedure (93% of surgeries required only one kit) contributes to waste reduction and optimal hemorrhage management. Moreover, the ergonomic design and usability of the device enhance its effectiveness in controlling bleeding during surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Alnees, Nizar Abu Hamdeh, Duha Najajra, Abdalaziz Darwish, Hamza A Abdul-Hafez, Mahdi Awwad, Husein Sarahneh, Aseel Hmeidan, Widad Abu Mayyala, Sondos Karaki, Ahmad Boziya, Othman Hussein, Omar Salloum, Dalia Minawi, Aya Abubaker, Deema Iftaih, Ithar Beshtawi, Idiberto José Zotarelli Filho, Haitham Abu Khadija
{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Other Predictive Factors on Contact Lens Usage and Adherence to Safety Guidelines: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Mohammad Alnees, Nizar Abu Hamdeh, Duha Najajra, Abdalaziz Darwish, Hamza A Abdul-Hafez, Mahdi Awwad, Husein Sarahneh, Aseel Hmeidan, Widad Abu Mayyala, Sondos Karaki, Ahmad Boziya, Othman Hussein, Omar Salloum, Dalia Minawi, Aya Abubaker, Deema Iftaih, Ithar Beshtawi, Idiberto José Zotarelli Filho, Haitham Abu Khadija","doi":"10.2174/0115748871396371251116091541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871396371251116091541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted daily routines, including Contact Lens (CL) usage patterns. This study examines the factors influencing adherence to CL guidelines among residents in the northern West Bank, both before and during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using a questionnaire completed by 379 CL users aged 18-35 between April 25 and May 1, 2022. The survey covered demographic data, CL history, behavioral changes, and adherence practices. A validated seven-item Likert-scale tool (Cronbach's α = 0.9025) was used to assess adherence levels. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of adherence change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CL usage significantly declined during the pandemic from 5.2 to 3.4 days per week (p < 0.01). Approximately 35% of participants reported reduced adherence to CL safety guidelines. Guidance from optometrists or ophthalmologists was associated with improved adherence (aOR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33- 0.88, p = 0.013). While city residents showed better adherence compared to those in villages or camps, this was not statistically significant (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.72-1.80, p = 0.585).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Lifestyle shifts during lockdowns contributed to decreased adherence, with professional eye care guidance emerging as a key protective factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pandemic negatively impacted CL hygiene behaviors, but professional support mitigated this effect. Strengthening patient education may improve adherence during future public health crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Consolidation Radical Chest Radiotherapy in Induced Oligo-persistent Disease Improves Overall Survival in Metastatic NSCLC: Real-world Data From a Regional Cancer Centre in a LMIC Setting.","authors":"Paruj Khan, Sushma Agrawal, Rahul Kumar Singh","doi":"10.2174/0115748871419773251027072100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871419773251027072100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the context of metastatic disease, most studies have focused on ConRT for oligo-progressive disease, while data on outcomes with radical Con-RT in oligopersistent disease remain limited. We have been practicing Con-RT in patients who responded to first-line systemic therapy, including both oncogene addicted and non-addicted patients. To gain insight into the outcomes with Con-RT, we audited our real-world data in a resource-constrained setting.</p><p><strong>Method and material: </strong>Metastatic NSCLC (2016-2022) who responded to first-line chemotherapy or targeted therapy and had oligo-persistent disease were offered radical chest RT (60Gy/30#/55Gy/20# or 45Gy/25#). The primary endpoint was Overall Survival (OS) and progression-free survival, which was derived with KM survival curves. Prognostic factors affecting OS were analyzed with a Cox regression model. A Propensity Score Analysis (PSA) was performed to adjust for potential confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 190 patients (71% males), 54% had adenocarcinoma. Metastatic staging included M1a (30%), M1b (13.6%), M1c (47.8%), and Mx (10%). First-line treatment comprised chemotherapy (50%), targeted therapy (14%), or CT/targeted therapy followed by Con-RT (21%); 3% received palliative RT alone, and 15% did not receive further treatment. Factors significant on univariate analysis for OS were smokers with median OS (4 mo. vs 6 mo., p =0.01), women (8 mo. vs 5 mo., p =0.05), M status (M1a 8 mo; M1b 6 mo; M1c 4 mo., p =0.05), type of treatment (No treatment 2 mo.; CT 4 mo; targeted 6 mo; Con RT 18 mo, p =0.001), and Con RT 18 mo vs No-RT 4 mo, p =0.001). On multivariate analysis, factors retained as significant were smokers HR 1.7 (95%CI, 1.2-2.5 p =0.004) and Con RT [HR 0.28 (95%CI 0.14-0.55) p=0.001]. On univariate analysis, factors significantly affecting the Progression-Free Survival (PFS) were females with median PFS (05 mo. vs 0 mo., p =0.02), type of treatment (No treatment 0 mo.; CT 0 mo.; targeted therapy 4 mo.; Con-RT 8 mo, palliative RT 6 mo., p =0.001), and Con-RT [Yes vs No] (10 mo. vs 0 mo, p =0.001). In the multivariate analysis, factors retained significant were females with HR 1.5 (95% CI 1.08-2.1, p =0.01), and Con-RT with HR 0.42 (95% CI 0.22-0.82, p <0.01). The OS benefit was similar even after PSA (Mean OS 21 mo. [Con-RT] vs 7 mo. [No-RT], p =<0.001). Local failures were significantly reduced, and the ratio of local versus distant recurrences was 1:4. The rates of grade 3 pneumonitis and grade 3 esophagitis were 7% and 2%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results show that radical intent Con-RT in responders to first-line systemic therapy yields a favorable survival benefit at no added cost of toxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our real-world data demonstrates that Radical Con RT significantly improves OS and PFS in oligo-persistent metastatic NSCLC. These results are practice-changing and","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of the Effects of Propolis and Fennelin Capsules on Premenstrual Syndrome in Students: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Arezoo Shayan, Azita Tiznobik, Mansoureh Refaei, Elham Fatholahi, Fahimeh Ezzati Arasteh, Roya Ahmadi Niatabesh, Leyli Tapak, Shirin Moradkhani, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi","doi":"10.2174/0115748871406071251122055743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871406071251122055743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) significantly affects women's quality of life. This study compares the effects of propolis and fennelin capsules on PMS symptoms in students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A double-blind, randomized controlled trial (2024) was conducted with 90 students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, who were randomized into propolis (500 mg), fennelin (30 mg extract), or placebo groups (30 participants each). Interventions were administered over two menstrual cycles. PMS symptom severity and frequency were assessed using validated questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS-21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Propolis and fennelin reduced PMS symptom severity by 78.9% and 79.3%, respectively (p = 0.016), whereas no significant change was observed in the placebo group (p = 0.206). No side effects were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Propolis and fennelin may serve as complementary options for short-term PMS symptom relief in young women. However, the small sample size and short duration limit the generalizability of the findings, highlighting the need for future studies with larger, more diverse populations and longer follow-up periods.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial no: </strong>IRCT20120215009014N525.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leveraging Existing Knowledge for Drug Repurposing: A Rational Approach to Addressing Unmet Medical Needs.","authors":"Rohit Pandey, Nandini Sharma, Bhawna Sharma, Raj Kumar Tiwari, Gaurav Pratap Singh, Rohit Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0115748871379380251016114817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871379380251016114817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug repurposing is an emerging strategy in the drug discovery arena, shedding light on new therapeutic uses for already known drugs. This strategy enormously reduces the time and cost of drug development because it utilizes existing data on safety and efficacy of drugs. This review provides basic mechanisms, strategies, and challenges related to drug repurposing. Here we discuss the role of polypharmacology, potential off-target effects in the use of computational and experimental methods for identifying repurposing opportunities, and regulatory and ethical considerations in drug repurposing. Completed cases demonstrate that this approach works effectively across various therapeutic areas, from oncology to rare diseases. Challenges include the need for regulatory and clinical data. Drug repurposing is extremely promising for the rapid delivery of new treatments to patients while cooperating in the development of a more sustainable healthcare system. In-depth knowledge of biological systems and disease mechanisms will allow for drug repurposing to potentially revolutionize new treatments and patients' outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Establishment of Automated Biobanking Systems: Technical Considerations.","authors":"Birendra Kumar Yadav, Zisis Kozlakidis, Alka Rani, Pramod Kumar, Mausumi Bharadwaj, Shalini Singh, Anuj Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0115748871391584250721165835","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748871391584250721165835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biobanks, repositories of biological samples and associated data, are crucial for advancing our understanding of disease biology. They facilitate long-term sample storage while enabling efficient retrieval for research. However, traditional biobanking practices often struggle to maintain sample quality and uniformity due to repetitive handling and temperature fluctuations during storage and retrieval. The advent of high-throughput \"-omics\" technologies has further amplified the operational demands on biobanks, necessitating increased scale and agility. Automation offers a solution to these challenges, enabling biobanks to meet the demands of modern research while preserving sample integrity. This review explores the key considerations for establishing an automated biobank, including design principles, essential components, and integration strategies. We discuss various automated storage and retrieval systems, liquid handling platforms, and environmental monitoring tools. Furthermore, we examine the impact of automation on sample quality, data management, and overall biobank efficiency. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of automated biobanking, highlighting its potential to revolutionize research and personalized medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":"e15748871391584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aarti A Bhimanwar, Aditi S Kulkarni, Virendra S Gomase
{"title":"The Role of Animal Models in Huntington's Disease Clinical Trials: Decoding Genetic, Non-Genetic, and Molecular Pathways.","authors":"Aarti A Bhimanwar, Aditi S Kulkarni, Virendra S Gomase","doi":"10.2174/0115748871372165250625212002","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748871372165250625212002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder due to a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HD gene. Animal models have been instrumental in revealing the genetic and molecular bases of HD. While animal models cannot exactly model the human disease because of anatomical and lifespan differences, they are essential in revealing HD pathology and possible treatments.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aimed to highlight the significance of animal models, particularly rodents, in deepening our knowledge of Huntington's disease. It underlines how non-genetic and genetic models have aided research and therapy innovation as well as their limitations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review addresses the use of different models of animals, including genetic models, such as transgenic mice and non-genetic models, for example, invertebrates and non-human primates. It addresses the creation of these models through methods, such as gene transfer techniques and transgenic manipulation, to simulate the genetic defects that occur in humans. The applicability of model choice based on validity criteria, including symptom manifestation and treatment effectiveness, is also discussed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study underscores the effectiveness of the R6/2 mouse model, characterized by accelerated symptom onset and HD pathology. Progress in genetic engineering has also boosted the construction of murine and rat models that reproduce the hereditary aspects of HD, providing significant platforms for experimental investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Even with their limitations, animal models, especially rodents, continue to play a vital role in the study of HD pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention. These models still shed light on the disease and direct towards the identification of effective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":"e15748871372165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Brexit on Pharmaceutical Regulations: EMA vs. MHRA.","authors":"John Giridharan Ivr, R Srinivasan","doi":"10.2174/0115748871375964250531090843","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748871375964250531090843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Brexit has significantly altered the regulatory landscape for pharmaceuticals, with the UK no longer under the European Medicines Agency (EMA). The UK's Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has since developed independent regulatory frameworks, introducing challenges for companies operating in both regions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative approach was used, drawing on secondary data from peer-reviewed literature, official EMA and MHRA documents, and government publications. Sources were selected based on relevance to post-Brexit regulatory changes in drug approval, clinical trials, and pharmacovigilance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MHRA has implemented distinct procedures, including the UK Conformity Assessed (UKCA) mark, new marketing authorization pathways, and accelerated drug review routes. Regulatory divergence has necessitated dual submissions, separate clinical trial approvals, and independent safety reporting systems, increasing costs and complexity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite shared safety objectives, the absence of harmonized processes complicates regulatory operations for pharmaceutical companies. The separation limits efficiency and may delay market access. However, international collaboration and the development of mutual recognition agreements offer potential pathways to reduce duplication and maintain alignment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Brexit has created a fragmented regulatory environment for pharmaceuticals in the UK and the EU. Companies must adopt flexible compliance strategies to manage dual frameworks. Continued dialogue and cooperation between regulatory bodies will be essential to safeguard patient access and support innovation across both jurisdictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":"e15748871375964"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stelios Hadjisavvas, Irene-Chrysovalanto Themistocleous, Elena Papamichael, Michalis A Efstathiou, Christina Michailidou, Manos Stefanakis
{"title":"The Effect of Fatigue on Shoulder Proprioception: A Literature Review.","authors":"Stelios Hadjisavvas, Irene-Chrysovalanto Themistocleous, Elena Papamichael, Michalis A Efstathiou, Christina Michailidou, Manos Stefanakis","doi":"10.2174/0115748871355156250526075620","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748871355156250526075620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent findings suggest that most sports-related injuries occur during the latter stages of these activities, often due to fatigue, which can impair proprioception and increase the risk of injury. Proprioception can be divided into three categories: joint position sense, the sense of movement (kinesthesia), and the sense of force reproduction. While several studies have examined how exercise-induced fatigue affects various aspects of proprioception on lower limb joints, research focusing on the shoulder joint is limited. This comprehensive review of the effects of exercise-induced fatigue on shoulder proprioception aims to summarize the latest evidence and inform practitioners in the fields of fitness and rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":"e15748871355156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}