Reviews on recent clinical trials最新文献

{"title":"The Efficacy of Two Triple Therapy Regimens and One Quadruple Regimen [Omeprazole, Amoxicillin, Metronidazole with Bismuth] in Eradicating Helicobacter Pylori in Patients with Peptic Ulcer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Amir Mohammad Salehi, Alireza Ebrahimi, Maryam Hasanzarrini, Elham Khanlarzadeh, Anvar Bahrami","doi":"10.2174/0115748871306001241017050020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871306001241017050020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Helicobacter pylori [H. pylori] infection is the main cause of most PUD; therefore, the eradication of H. pylori is extremely important in the treatment of PUD. There are several recommended treatment regimens suggested to eradicate this organism.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study compared the efficacy of three anti-Helicobacter pylori regimens in patients with dyspepsia or peptic ulcer disease [PUD].</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of three anti-H Pylori treatments in patients based on C14 urease breath test [C-UBT] results, drug compliance, and adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized, open-label clinical trial included 136 H. Pylori-infected patients without prior treatment. Patients were randomly divided into three groups. The OAC group received 20 mg Omeprazole capsules twice a day, two 500 mg Amoxicillin capsules twice a day, and 500 mg Clarithromycin capsules twice a day for 14 days. The OAL group received 20 mg Omeprazole capsules twice a day, two 500 mg Amoxicillin capsules twice a day, and Levofloxacin 500 mg capsules twice a day for 14 days. The OAMB group received 20 mg Omeprazole capsules twice a day, two 500 mg Amoxicillin capsules twice a day, Metronidazole 500mg three times a day, and Bismuth 240 mg twice a day for 14 days. Evaluation for compliance and drug-related adverse effects were assessed at the end of two weeks. H. Pylori eradication was evaluated eight weeks after treatment using the C-UBT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 136 patients participated in this study, and their groups were matched based on age and sex. The results of the C-UBT test showed that the eradication rate of H. Pylori was 82.2%, 91.3%, and 97.3% for the three-drug OAC, OAMB, and OAL treatment regimens, respectively. Moreover, all the regimens showed high compliance among the patients. Only OAC and OAL showed a significant difference in the H. Pylori eradication rate, and no superiority was found between OAMB and OAL or OAC therapies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The regime of OAL achieved a satisfactory rate of H. pylori infection eradication with good tolerance in patients with PUD, without any acute side effects.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>IRCT201605189014N100.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-alcoholic Wernicke Encephalopathy in a Young Patient with Adenocarcinoma of the Colon: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Afroditi Ziogou, Andreas Lymperis, Nikolaos Skouteris, Georgios Papageorgiou, Nikolaos Charalampakis","doi":"10.2174/0115748871320420241016060051","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748871320420241016060051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Wernicke Encephalopathy (W.E.) is an acute neurological disorder induced by thiamine deficiency. Alcohol abuse is considered to be the leading cause of the disease; however, numerous other conditions, such as malnutrition or cancer, have been identified as potential risk factors.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Clinical manifestations include a typical triad of mental status alteration, nystagmus, and ataxia and are attributed to damage in brain regions of high thiamine demand. The diagnosis is mainly clinical and further supported by the immediate response of neurological signs to parenteral thiamine administration. Among paraclinical examinations, brain MRI is considered substantial for diagnosis and is supported by the determination of thiamine blood levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-alcoholic W.E. is trickier to diagnose due to its atypical clinical course and risk factors. We herein describe a case of non-alcoholic W.E. in a woman with colon cancer who gradually developed the classic symptoms of thiamine deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ongoing Clinical Trials for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Afflicted Infertility in Women: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Ratnakar Shukla, Muskan Chadha, Anisha Adya, Aastha Yadav, Nidhi Singh, Ranjeet Singh Chauhan, Afza Ahmad, Rohit Kumar Tiwari","doi":"10.2174/0115748871325070241008101355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871325070241008101355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. PCOS is further correlated with infertility, menstrual dysfunction, and hyperandrogenism. Despite the advanced understanding of reproductive biology, the exact causes of PCOS remain ambiguous. Nevertheless, several factors are believed to contribute to the development of PCOS, including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, and genetic predispositions. The diagnosis of PCOS is complicated by its phenotypic heterogeneity, which manifests differently in different individuals. Presently, the therapeutic management of PCOS-afflicted infertility depends upon proper pharmaceutical-based therapies aimed at treating underlying symptoms, such as the use of clomiphene citrate, metformin, ovulation-inducing agents, anti-androgens, exogenous gonadotropin administration, laparoscopic ovarian drilling, and in vitro fertilization. The present review focuses on narrating present therapeutic interventions along with lifestyle modifications in PCOS. Furthermore, it focuses on the ongoing clinical trials of various chemotherapeutics to counter PCOS-induced infertility among women.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiology, Recent Advances, and Clinical Trials Data for the Treatment of Angioedema: A Review.","authors":"Mukul Nishad, Sushma Verma, Ramish Maqsood, Rashmi Saxena Pal","doi":"10.2174/0115748871307432240930051749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871307432240930051749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angioedema is a health issue that affects parts of the body like the upper pulmonary and gastric pathways and is identified by abrupt, nonpitting enlargement of the skin, mucous membranes, or both. The swelling usually lasts a few hours to 72 hours and may appear as non-puritic, subcutaneous, or submucosal organ edema. It is characterized by localized swelling brought on by the release of histamine. Itching is rare, and usual areas of appearance include the hands, feet, face, and genitalia, with periorbital swelling being the most often. The main objective of this review article is to study in brief the classifications, etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical trial data by describing the recent advancement in the treatment of angioedema. Various research articles obtained from different journals indexed under Scopus and SCI were used to prepare the review article and for illustrative work software such as Biorender and Microsoft Word was used. Histamine-- mediated angioedema, linked to allergic reactions, coexists with urticaria. Bradykinin-mediated angioedema, exemplified by hereditary angioedema and acquired forms, lacks urticaria. Idiopathic angioedema, with uncertain etiology. Imitated angioedema results from non-IgE-mediated reactions, often induced by medications. It is a complicated medical condition with a variety of causes and mechanisms. Over time, outcomes for patients have been greatly improved by a growing understanding of its etiology, pathophysiology, and available treatments. The field of medical treatment for this difficult problem is always changing, and this is partly due to clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Dry Eye Research: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Clinical Trials, Patents, and Recent Advancements.","authors":"Vindhya Pal, Sushma Verma","doi":"10.2174/0115748871310261240929163138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871310261240929163138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Millions of people worldwide suffer from dry eye disease. Dry eye, a multifunctional condition of the ocular surface, typically occurs in conjunction with an unbalanced tear film. With increasing age, the dry eye problem becomes worse. Aqueous-deficit dry eye and evaporative dry eye are the two traditional classifications for dry eye. Various examination tools are used to diagnose dry eye. Clinical trials are conducted in four phases to check the safety and efficacy of drugs. The quick clearance from the precorneal space is ensured by the eye's advanced defense mechanism. It restricts the integrated medicine's entry into the eyes, resulting in a usually low bioavailability for topical eyedrops. In this study, we focus on recently developed formulations for curing dry eye.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review's goal was to outline the etiology, clinical discovery and development, patents, and recent advancements for dry eye disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The current study has described the widespread incidence of dry eye, which was found to be more common as people aged and recently developed formulations are treating dry eyes. According to research, novel formulations are enhancing ocular drug delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this review, etiology, clinical data, dry eye formulation patents, and recent advancements are all included.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effects of Dill Seed, Grape Seed and Date Extracts on Postpartum Hemorrhage Rates in the Fourth Stage of Labor: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Arezoo Shayan, Mansoureh Refaei, Hamideh Parsapour, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Hassan Ahmadinia, Shirin Moradkhani, Mahtab Sattari, Minoo Hamoun","doi":"10.2174/0115748871317272240930092220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871317272240930092220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the three leading causes of maternal mortality. Herbal medicine is one of the well-known methods of treatment in the world.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was conducted to determine and compare the effect of dates, grape seed and dill seed extracts on the PPH rate in women in the fourth stage of labor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred eligible multiparous women visiting the maternity ward in Hamadan for normal delivery participated in this double-blind parallel-group clinical trial. They were randomly divided into four 50-member groups of experiment (3 groups) and control (1 group). The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. In the experimental groups, in addition to routine care and oxytocin administration, the mothers received a capsule containing 15 mg of dill seeds extract or 20 mg of grape seed extract or 5 g of dates extract immediately after the delivery, and then their hemorrhage rates were measured one and two hours after delivery. The control group received routine care, oxytocin, and placebo. Data were analyzed in SPSS 21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The hemorrhage changes in the placebo group were much less than the intervention groups at 1 and 2 hours after delivery, and the four groups had a significant difference in terms of hemorrhage in both hours (p <0.001). The overall difference between the dates extract group and the placebo and grape seed groups was also statistically significant (p <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All three extracts of dates, grape seed and dill seeds, especially dates, can be effective in PPH reduction.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>IRCT20120215009014N300.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Gallstone Disease and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Rasoul Rahimi, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Catherine M T Sherwin, Karamali Kasiri, Ghorbanali Rahimian","doi":"10.2174/0115748871326450240926072451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871326450240926072451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gallstone Disease (GSD) is a multifactorial risk factor for various complications.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the relationship between GSD and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) incidence through a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A thorough search was conducted across Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Only studies published between 1980 and December 2023 were included. Chi-square, I2, and forest plots were used to assess heterogeneity. Begg's and Egger's tests were used to evaluate publication bias. Statistical significance was considered at p <0.05, and all analyses were performed using Stata 17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This meta-analysis involved 21 studies and comprised 2,138,282 participants; there has been a significant association found between GSD and an increased risk of CVD (with a relative risk of 1.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.32-1.63, p <0.001). The analysis found no evidence of publication bias based on Begg's test (p =0.085) and Egger's test (p =0.231). Subgroup analysis of the studies showed a higher risk of CVD in studies with a sample size of less than 10,000 participants, conducted in 2016 or later, utilizing a cross-sectional design, in Asian countries; the analysis had a moderate quality score, with a follow-up period of equal to or less than ten years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There has been a significant association found between GSD and an increased risk of incidence of CVD. Taking proactive steps to implement targeted interventions for individuals with gallstone disease could potentially reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease within this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Patents to Progress: Unraveling Gout's Journey Through Clinical Trials and Advancements.","authors":"Vikash Singh Bhadouria, Sushma Verma, Chhaya Agarwal, Deep Shikha Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0115748871308473240926044126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871308473240926044126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gout, an inflammatory arthritis form, is renowned for its historical association with affluence. This review delves into its pathophysiology, exploring hyperuricemia, urate crystal formation, and the ensuing inflammatory response. The epidemiology of gout is examined, focusing on its rising prevalence and impact on public health. In this study, progress in gout management is discussed, involving pharmacological interventions, dietary changes, and emerging therapies. Genetic predisposition and triggers like alcohol, temperature, and diet are highlighted in this study. Prevention strategies, including serum urate-lowering therapy and lifestyle modifications, aim to reduce recurrent flares and complications. The inflammatory response in acute gout attacks is elucidated, involving immune cells, cytokines, and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Chronic gout manifestations, such as gouty tophus formation, are explored for their destructive impact on surrounding tissues. Recent advancements in gout treatment, including nanotherapies and novel compounds, are discussed, along with promising urate-lowering drugs. Cutting-edge research on zinc ferrite nanoparticles, dimethyl fumarate, and myricetin/nobiletin hybrids addresses oxidative stress and inflammation in gout. Additionally, the potential therapeutic role of methanolic leaf extract of Euphorbia milii and tip-loaded CLC-Soluplus® MAPs is explored as natural and transdermal alternatives for gout management. The review also covers the development status of new urate-lowering drugs, providing insights into promising candidates and their mechanisms. Patents on gout and recent diagnostic advancements using techniques like laser confocal micro Raman spectrometer, FTIR, and THz-TDS offer a more accurate approach for gout stone analysis, enabling early detection and targeted treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Heat Shock Protein 90 in Testicular Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Konstantinos Tzelepis, Ilias Giannakodimos, Vasileios Politis, Konstantinos Stamatiou, Ioannis Provatas, Evangelia Mitakidi, Vasileios Tzortzis, Sotirios Sotiriou","doi":"10.2174/0115748871317252240919051309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871317252240919051309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The HSP90 marker is believed to play a constructive role in facilitating neoplastic transformation mainly via interaction with multiple pro-survival proteins. Welldesigned studies are needed to elucidate the role of HSP90 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in testicular tumors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study aimed to investigate the expression of HSP90 in various types of testicular cancer and highlight its expression in embryonal testicular cancer.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Immunohistochemical staining for HSP90 in 84 male patients, with nonmetastatic testicular cancer, who underwent orchiectomy from 2000 to 2023, was retrospectively performed at the Laboratory Department of General Hospital of Nikaia in Greece.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 84 males, with a mean age of 36.2 years, who have undergone high-cord radical orchiectomy, were included in this study. Out of the included males, 28.57% had embryonal carcinoma, 23.81% had seminoma, 19.05% had yolk sac tumor, 11.9% had mature teratoma, 9.52% had immature teratoma, and 7.14% had choriocarcinoma. HSP90b was positive in all embryonal carcinoma, seminoma, and choriocarcinoma cases, while it was positive in 75% of the yolk sac tumor, 75% of mature teratoma, and 75% of immature teratoma specimens. HSP90 was found negative in all choriocarcinoma, mature teratoma, and immature teratoma specimens, while it was positive in 25% of yolk sac tumor, 8.33% of embryonal carcinoma, and 10% of seminoma cases. Concerning the expression of HSP90b, a statistically significant relationship was found between excised tumor specimens and normal parenchyma specimens, especially in sac cases (p <0.001). Regarding HSP90a expression, a statistically significant relationship (OR=21.5, p =0.021) was found between excised tumor specimens and normal parenchyma specimens, especially in embryonal carcinoma cases (p <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HSP90b is highly expressed in the majority of the types of testicular tumors, both in tumor and normal parenchyma specimens, while HSP90a staining is negative in resected specimens. Further well-designed studies are needed to elucidate the role of HSP90 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in testicular tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Association Between Urinary Tract Infections and Immunosuppressive Drugs after Heart Transplantation.","authors":"Zahra Tolou-Ghamari","doi":"10.2174/0115748871315445240916091528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871315445240916091528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Management of infections in heart transplant recipients is complex and crucial. In this population, there is a need for a better understanding of immunosuppressive trough levels (C0), infectious complications, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). The purpose of this review was to understand the association between immunosuppressive trough levels and UTIs after heart transplantation. A review of scientific literature (n= 100) was conducted based on the topic of interest by searching PUBMED.Gov (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), Web of Science, and Scopus. The analysis of bacterial pulmonary infection required the occurrence of new or deteriorating pulmonary infiltrates and the development of organisms in cultures of sputum specimens. The diagnosis of UTIs was based on the result of related signs, pyuria, and a positive urine culture. The incidence of UTIs was reported as 0.07 episodes/1000 regarding heart transplantation days. An eightfold increase in the rate of rejection was noted in heart transplant recipients with higher variability in tacrolimus C0. There are associations between C0 of immunosuppressive drugs and clinical presentation of infection complications. Recipients with a low metabolism of immunosuppressive drugs are more susceptible to infectious complications. Attention to the biology of herpes viruses, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus after heart transplantation are important, in which some of them are the most common pathogens responsible for UTIs. Pneumocystis and cytomegalovirus affect all transplant recipients. Pneumonia due to bacterial, viral, protozoa, and fungal infections, in addition to UTIs, are more specific reported types of infections in heart transplant recipients. Bacterial infections produced by extensively drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and non-fermenting gramnegative bacteria were reported to increase after transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}