Reviews on recent clinical trials最新文献

{"title":"Isatin-based Strategies for Microbial Infections: A Multifaceted Perspective.","authors":"Radhika Sharma, Manjot Singh, Pushp Kashyap, Shubhangi Mishra, Kalpana Rahate","doi":"10.2174/0115748871472073260820151111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871472073260820151111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Novel chemotherapeutic drugs that can fight multidrug-resistant bacteria are desperately needed due to the fast growth of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As a favoured scaffold in medicinal chemistry, the naturally produced indole derivative isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) is found in microorganisms, plants, and the metabolic pathways of mammals, has garnered significant interest. Isatin is a crucial pharmacophore for the creation of broad-spectrum antibacterial medicines because of its adaptable chemical structure and ease of structural alteration at several reactive locations. The therapeutic potential of isatin and its derivatives against bacterial, fungal, viral, and microbacterial diseases is well highlighted in this study. Schiff bases, Mannich bases, thiosemicarbazones, azole, furan, sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone, chalcone, and coumarin conjugates are among the many isatinbased hybrids and analogs that show strong and specific antimicrobial action. According to mechanistic investigations, these compounds function via a variety of mechanisms, including biofilm suppression, membrane disruption, interference with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, inhibition of cell-wall production, and targeting vital enzymes like FtsZ and CrtM. To enhance biological potency and overcome drug resistance, electronic substituents, linker flexibility, and hybridization techniques are crucial, according to structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. The clinical approval of numerous isatin-based drugs, including sunitinib and nintedanib, for the treatment of cancer, as well as the evaluation of other drugs, like TD-1792 and Ro 23-9424, for the treatment of infectious diseases, demonstrate the translational success of this scaffold. This review focuses on significant advancements, procedures, and potential treatments in isatin-based antimicrobial research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The AI Revolution: Shaping the Present and Future of Pharmaceutical Research and Development.","authors":"Krishna Chandra Panda, B V V Ravi Kumar, Jammula Sruti, Ch Niranjan Patro, Bimalendu Chowdhury, H K Sundeep Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0115748871435386260817115530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871435386260817115530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the pharmaceutical industry is examined, with a focus on its significant contributions to drug discovery, development, and clinical trial processes. It highlights the inefficiencies and high costs associated with traditional drug development and explores how AI and machine learning (ML) can enhance these processes by analyzing extensive biological datasets. The historical context of AI in pharmaceutical development is examined, noting how advances in computational power and data accessibility have facilitated innovative methodologies, such as predictive analytics and natural language processing. Contemporary trends reveal the integration of AI technologies in drug design, repurposing, and patient response forecasting. This study also addresses the challenges of participant recruitment for clinical trials and proposes AI-driven solutions to optimize patient selection and data management. Furthermore, it discusses AI's role in tailored medicine, emphasizing its potential for advancing precision therapy through targeted drug development and personalized treatment strategies. The importance of digital tools, genomic data analysis, and AI-driven imaging technologies for customizing therapeutic approaches is underscored, along with the regulatory and ethical challenges posed by AI deployment in healthcare. This study illustrates the complexities of AI applications in the pharmaceutical sector, offering insights into both successful and unsuccessful initiatives. The findings suggest that the digitalization of the pharmaceutical industry and enhanced AI integration hold promise for developing safer and more effective therapeutic strategies, while also identifying obstacles to their widespread adoption and optimal functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review on Fast Diagnosis of Tuberculosis: Counting Clinical Trials and Patent Highlights.","authors":"Sahiba Parveen, Shahjad, Sisir Nandi","doi":"10.2174/0115748871480507260818100159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871480507260818100159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB), induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), constitutes a significant global public health issue, particularly for immunocompromised individuals who have HIV or cancer and are susceptible to latent tuberculosis. The Directly Observed Treatment Short (DOTS) course comprises isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, which are administered to treat tuberculosis. Intentional or unintentional missed doses or inferior formulations have resulted in MDR-TB. Prompt and correct diagnosis is urgent to initiate treatment. The present study attempts to explore patient demographics, prompt TB diagnosis, and anti-tubercular medications under surveillance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify relevant studies published between 2018 and 2025, using electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Search terms were applied using combinations of controlled vocabulary and free-text keywords, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MDR and XDR-TB, antitubercular drugs, clinical trials, and patents on fast detection of tuberculosis and easy diagnosis of Mtb. Studies not focused on the said area were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Traditional diagnostic methods, while relatively affordable, were found to be timeconsuming and limited in sensitivity, particularly in HIV-positive TB patients to whom conventional immune-based tests may yield false-negative results. The present study reviewed novel diagnostic technologies, including advanced molecular techniques such as RT-qPCR and RNA sequencing, which offered rapid, highly specific identification of drug-resistant strains. Point-of-care platforms and immunological assays showed strong potential for deployment in resource-limited settings, addressing critical gaps in diagnostic access. Gene expression profiling further enabled distinguishing active TB from latent infection and predicting treatment response, providing a foundation for more personalized therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Rapid diagnosis of the specific disease can initiate appropriate treatment, which can save the patient's life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Timely and accurate diagnosis of TB, particularly drug-resistant forms, is essential for guiding appropriate treatment and preventing the further spread of MDR-TB and XDR-TB. Early TB detection helps make the right choice of specific current antitubercular chemotherapeutics, as strongly recommended in the present scoping review for the global effort to eradicate drug-resistant tuberculosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Silent Threat: A Case Report of Occult Tuberculosis of the Buccal Mucosa, a Clinically Misleading Lesion Uncovered by Histopathology.","authors":"Therraddi Muthu R M, Pushparani D S, Chitra N, Sona B, Lavanya B, Leo Caroline","doi":"10.2174/0115748871477410260809181605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871477410260809181605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present case of oral tuberculosis represents an uncommon manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Primary oral Tuberculosis is often easily overlooked during routine evaluation, because its clinical appearance overlaps with more frequently encountered reactive or benign lesions.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A seventy-two-year-old woman of poor socio-economic status presented with a small, firm swelling on the right buccal mucosa near tooth 18. Clinically, the lesion resembled a typical irritational fibroma. Histopathological examination revealed well-formed epithelioid granulomas with Langhans-type multinucleated giant cells. Ziehl-Neelsen staining demonstrated acid-fast bacilli within the lesion, supporting the diagnosis of tuberculous granuloma. Both Mantoux testing and chest radiography were unremarkable. The patient underwent standard antitubercular therapy and experienced complete resolution without recurrence at the six-month review. Persistent or atypical oral mucosal lesions should prompt consideration of Tuberculosis, especially in endemic regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case is unusual because the lesion clinically resembles a benign reactive growth in the absence of pulmonary involvement or systemic manifestations. The report highlights the diagnostic value of histopathological examination and emphasizes the importance of considering Tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of persistent oral lesions. Early biopsy facilitates accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy, minimizing morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Overview of Gut Microbiota Alterations in Obesity and Related Chronic Diseases: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Usha Rani Kandula, Huda Sdiq Bilal","doi":"10.2174/0115748871477574260803112949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871477574260803112949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), represent major global health challenges. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development and progression of these disorders through mechanisms involving inflammation, insulin resistance, altered energy metabolism, and impaired intestinal barrier function. This review aimed to evaluate recent clinical evidence regarding the effects of gut microbiota-targeted interventions on microbial composition and metabolic outcomes in individuals with metabolic disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review of clinical studies published between 2021 and 2026 was conducted using the PubMed electronic database. Studies investigating dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), pharmacological therapies, bariatric surgery, and herbal formulations were included. Data regarding microbiota alterations and metabolic outcomes were extracted and qualitatively synthesized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 36 clinical studies were included. Across the reviewed literature, microbiotatargeted interventions consistently promoted beneficial alterations in gut microbial composition, including increased abundance of Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Roseburia, Eubacterium, and other short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. These microbial changes were associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, body weight, liver fat accumulation, lipid metabolism, and cardiometabolic risk markers. Dietary interventions and probiotic-based therapies demonstrated the most consistent benefits, whereas FMT studies produced variable clinical outcomes despite substantial microbiome remodeling.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings indicate that restoration of microbial homeostasis may represent a key mechanism underlying improvements in metabolic health. Increased abundance of beneficial microbial taxa and enhanced SCFA production were consistently linked to favorable metabolic outcomes, supporting the concept that the gut microbiome plays an active role in metabolic regulation. However, variability among studies suggests that intervention efficacy may depend on baseline microbial composition, host characteristics, and treatment duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current evidence supports the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota modulation in obesity, T2D, NAFLD, MASLD, and related metabolic disorders. Further large-scale, long-term clinical studies are required to establish causal relationships, identify predictive microbial biomarkers, and facilitate the development of personalized microbiome-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogel-forming Microneedles for Multi-drug and Phytochemical Co-delivery: Translational Opportunities in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders.","authors":"D Ezhilarasi, Rajaganapathy Kaliyaperumal","doi":"10.2174/0115748871462686260722053036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871462686260722053036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis represent major clinical challenges due to the complexity of immune system dysfunction and the limitations of current treatment strategies. Combination therapies involving JAK inhibitors, methotrexate, and natural compounds such as quercetin can target multiple disease pathways and improve therapeutic outcomes. Previous studies have shown that the concurrent administration of multiple medications may result in reduced patient adherence, systemic adverse effects, and suboptimal tissue targeting. Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles (HFMNs) enable controlled transdermal drug delivery, offering a minimally invasive approach that may improve patient acceptability and facilitate the administration of multiple therapeutic agents. This review examines the design principles of HFMNs, including polymer selection, crosslinking strategies, swelling behavior, and drug-loading approaches, and compares them with other microneedle platforms. Recent advances have focused on the co-encapsulation of multiple therapeutic agents, including synthetic drugs, Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs), and phytochemicals, enabling their controlled and sequential release for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Recent studies have investigated drug-material interactions, in vitro and in vivo release profiles, and the synergistic effects of co-delivered therapeutic agents. Particular emphasis is placed on the application of combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis through modulation of the JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and oxidative stress pathways, while HFMN-mediated delivery may improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce systemic adverse effects. Ongoing studies have evaluated the development of these systems, including their mechanical strength, transdermal penetration performance, and therapeutic efficacy in animal models of inflammatory joint disease using relevant biomarker analyses. The review also discusses regulatory considerations, including scale-up manufacturing and sterilization, and highlights future directions involving smart hydrogels and integrated diagnostic technologies to facilitate clinical translation. HFMNs provide a versatile platform for advancing combination therapies for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This platform has the potential to improve tissue targeting, patient adherence, and therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomedical Research Integrity: Addressing Conflicts of Interest and Ethical Challenges in Clinical Trials.","authors":"Ravindra Waykar, Yogesh A Kulkarni","doi":"10.2174/0115748871477558260710160423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871477558260710160423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review examined the prevalence and implications of Conflicts of Interest (COI) in biomedical research. It involved an analysis of high-profile cases, including the Troglitazone safety controversy, Dr. Baselga's undisclosed pharmaceutical payments, National Institute of Health's (NIH) financial COIs, the COI involving COX-2 inhibitors, the 2008-2009 COI involving Harvard pediatric psychiatrists, and the UK University collaboration with \"health-harming\" industries. It also examined regulatory and ethical frameworks of COI management. The study's results show that COIs can threaten the quality of biomedical research and endanger patient health. In extreme cases, they might even lead to patient deaths. The evidence links this problem to the inconsistency of COI management policies, especially COI disclosure requirements. The findings of this research demonstrate the vague wording and poor enforcement of these requirements. To prevent the negative effects of COIs on research outcomes, consistent COI across relevant fields must be developed. For instance, leading academic journals must adopt the same COI disclosure approach to reduce ambiguity. Moreover, COI policies must address previously overlooked areas, such as the financial interests of authors' family members. The results of the study can be a good starting point for future research on addressing COIs through self-regulation. They illustrate the need for a customized COI management strategy rather than the one-size-fits-all approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148607150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotoxicity and Proteotoxicity of Arsenic: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Challenges.","authors":"Pawan Kumar Goswami, Siddhant Krishna, Qumar Negar, Arvind Kumar Patel, Ranjeet Kumar, Dharmendra Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0115748871417707251206102016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871417707251206102016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Arsenic is a ubiquitous environmental metalloid with dual characteristics-acting as both a potent toxin and an effective therapeutic agent. Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic species, arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)], is associated with multiple cancers and systemic diseases, whereas Arsenic Trioxide (ATO) demonstrates strong anticancer efficacy, particularly in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to review epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies. Inclusion criteria focused on works addressing arsenic-induced genotoxicity, proteotoxicity, and therapeutic applications. Data were extracted regarding molecular mechanisms, biomarkers, and mitigation strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Arsenic induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and epigenetic alterations, leading to genomic and proteomic instability. Clinical evidence indicates ATO achieves remission rates exceeding 90% in APL by degrading the PML-RARα oncoprotein. Emerging nanotechnology and precision medicine approaches enhance drug delivery, reduce systemic toxicity, and support targeted therapy.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Arsenic's paradoxical behavior is dose- and context-dependent. While chronic lowlevel exposure drives carcinogenesis, controlled pharmacologic use offers therapeutic benefit. Integration of omics technologies and nanocarriers can refine their safety and clinical applicability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Arsenic exemplifies the intersection of toxicity and therapy. Understanding its genotoxic and proteotoxic mechanisms supports the development of safer, precision-based interventions and expands its potential as a therapeutic agent in modern oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Characterization of Hospital-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) based on Whole Genome Sequencing in Ramadi City Hospital.","authors":"Awad Mohammed Hammed, Laith Muslih Najeeb, Safaa Abed Latef Almeani","doi":"10.2174/0115748871493902260704085706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871493902260704085706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections and represents a major public health concern worldwide due to its association with severe clinical complications and limited therapeutic options. Conventional typing methods often lack sufficient discriminatory power for accurate characterization of circulating strains. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genomic characteristics and genetic diversity of hospital-associated MRSA isolates from Iraqi healthcare settings using whole-genome sequencing (WGS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three MRSA isolates representing different sequence types (ST239, ST6, and ST72) were subjected to genomic DNA extraction, library preparation, and sequencing using the DNBSEQ platform. Sequencing reads were processed through quality control, de novo genome assembly, and genome annotation pipelines. Antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence-associated determinants, and SCCmec structures were identified, and the relationship between phenotypic antimicrobial resistance and genotypic determinants was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genomic analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles and detected resistance-associated genes. The mecA gene was associated with methicillin resistance, whereas blaZ contributed to penicillin resistance. Macrolide resistance was mainly linked to the ermC gene, while tetracycline resistance corresponded to the presence of tetM. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified three distinct sequence types (ST239, ST6, and ST72), indicating genomic diversity among the analyzed isolates. Several virulence-associated factors, including γ-hemolysin and LukE-LukD, were commonly detected, whereas the ST72 isolate uniquely carried the enterotoxin egc cluster. In addition, multiple mobile genetic elements were identified, particularly in isolate ST6.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings highlight the genomic heterogeneity and diversity of antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants among hospital-associated MRSA isolates. The integration of WGS with comparative genomic analysis provided valuable insights into the molecular epidemiology and phylogenomic relationships of the investigated strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Whole-genome sequencing revealed genomic diversity and multiple antimicrobial resistance determinants among hospital-associated MRSA isolates. These findings provide valuable genomic insights that may support molecular surveillance programs and contribute to improved infection control strategies in healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution of Clinical Research Ethics: From Historical Abuses to Contemporary Challenges.","authors":"Ravindra Waykar, Yogesh A Kulkarni","doi":"10.2174/0115748871478582260630194131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871478582260630194131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ethical standards are crucial in contemporary clinical research. The requirements with which researchers comply are a result of the long history of abuses and attempts to find solutions that eventually led to the introduction of a consistent ethical framework that now guides clinical research in the USA. This study critically analyzes this history. It reviews the history of clinical research ethics from the Nuremberg Code to the recent revisions of the Declaration of Helsinki and FDA regulations. The evidence presented in this study shows that ethical frameworks are reactive. Most policies were introduced in response to abuses and violations, such as the atrocities committed by the Nazi regime and the notorious Tuskegee Syphilis Study. After many changes, these standards evolved into relatively consistent principles, such as independent review, beneficence, and justice. The study shows that researchers generally adhere to these principles of research ethics. However, some do not fully address the reality of contemporary clinical research. This article advocates for more detailed consent procedures, specific clauses to address the ethical controversies of certain technologies, such as deep learning applications and big data tools, and strict conflict of interest disclosure requirements. The most important avenue for future research in this area is to revisit the balance of potential risks and benefits to determine the cases in which ethical requirements might be simplified to advance scientific interest. The arguments provided in this article can inspire researchers and physicians to reflect on contemporary trends in research ethics and design new strategies to address key ethical challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}