Reviews on recent clinical trials最新文献

{"title":"Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Study of Cefepime in Different Communities.","authors":"Numaira Qasim, Ahmed Umer Sohaib, Naveed Ullah Khan, Ahmad Khan, Asmat Ullah","doi":"10.2174/0115748871433283260622042528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871433283260622042528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, is commonly prescribed in clinical practice for the treatment of moderate to severe infections and is primarily eliminated by renal clearance. PBPK modeling, a mechanistic and innovative approach with substantial implications for decision-making and drug development. The current study aimed to develop and validate a PBPK model of cefepime in healthy, CKD, geriatric, and pregnant populations to support dose optimization and promote personalized, safer treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The model was first developed in a healthy adult population using different intravenous doses of cefepime, and its performance was evaluated using observed-to-predicted ratios of pharmacokinetic parameters. A virtual cohort of 100 subjects was then created in PK-Sim, and cefepime pharmacokinetics in CKD, geriatric, and pregnant populations was simulated after incorporating the relevant pathophysiological alterations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cefepime PBPK model accurately predicted drug disposition across healthy, geriatric, CKD, and pregnant populations, aligning with reported clinical data.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings underscore the effectiveness of PBPK modeling in forecasting cefepime pharmacokinetics across diverse populations, particularly where conducting clinical trials may be difficult. This predictive accuracy highlights its importance in guiding dose adjustments and advancing individualized therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Approximately 95% of observed versus predicted cefepime concentrations fell within a two-fold error margin, demonstrating the robustness of the PBPK model. This PBPK model is intended to complement, not replace, therapeutic drug monitoring by supporting initial dose selection and pharmacokinetic risk stratification in special populations, particularly in clinical settings where routine monitoring or population-specific pharmacokinetic data are limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148456704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Reported Pediatric Bladder Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (IMT) Evaluated and Staged with VI-RADS: CT and MR Findings.","authors":"Pier Paolo Arcuri, Simonetta Antonelli, Eulalia Galea, Francesco Gigliotti, Simona Roccia, Caterina Battaglia, Domenico Laganà","doi":"10.2174/0115748871423106260701100925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871423106260701100925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (IMT) is a rare intermediate softtissue neoplasm that can arise in virtually any organ, including the urinary bladder. Accurate diagnosis is challenging but crucial, as conservative treatment approaches may be feasible.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>An 11-year-old boy presented with dysuria and microscopic hematuria. Ultrasound and Computed Tomography (CT) revealed a bladder mass associated with right-sided ureterohydronephrosis. Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI), performed for local staging using the Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS), demonstrated moderate diffusion restriction of the lesion on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI). However, the extent of bladder wall invasion was not clearly defined. Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) T1-weighted SPIR sequences showed disruption of the hypointense muscularis propria with early extension into the ureteral wall at the intramural segment. Histopathological examination of biopsy specimens confirmed an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with muscular layer involvement. The patient received five months of chemotherapy with methotrexate and vinblastine, followed by partial cystectomy and ureteral reimplantation. Three years after treatment, follow-up MRI demonstrated no evidence of locoregional recurrence, indicating a complete response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this rare case of pediatric bladder IMT, MRI proved valuable for assessing locoregional tumor extent, guiding surgical planning, and evaluating treatment response. In particular, the case highlights the potential role of VI-RADS-based assessment in the staging and management of bladder IMT.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guar Gum, Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum, and Human Gut Health: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Emidio Scarpellini, Francesca Roselli, Marialaura Scarcella, Camilla Tedesco, Serena di Buò, Francesco Di Giovanni, Maria Luisa Gambardella, Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata, Jan Tack, Ludovico Abenavoli","doi":"10.2174/0115748871483178260603111726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871483178260603111726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary fibers, and more specifically water-soluble fibers, beneficially affect human health. Guar gum and its enzymatic product, partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), are among the most studied dietary fibers in humans. Altogether, they can be described as \"guar fiber\". We performed a narrative review of the literature on guar fiber, namely guar gum and its partially hydrolyzed product, and their impact on human health, with a special focus on the gastrointestinal tract, gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, and liver steatosis. Accordingly, a literature search was conducted using the following keywords and combinations: guar fiber, guar gum, partially hydrolyzed guar gum, disorders of gut-brain interaction, gut-liver axis, and gut microbiota. Guar gum and its derivative, PHGG, show promising effects in gastrointestinal disorders, such as constipation and diarrhea. Interestingly, they can modulate the gut microbiota, with promising implications for the gut-brain axis and disorders of gut-brain interaction, such as irritable bowel syndrome. There are also interesting, albeit preliminary, results regarding their use in fatty liver disease. Thus, dietary fibers such as guar gum and, more importantly, its hydrolyzed product, show promising and better-documented effects on the health of the gastrointestinal tract and other organs and systems of the human body. However, the latter evidence still requires clinical confirmation of preclinical findings. Overall, the reviewed data vary in quality and maturity across different outcome domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gut Microbiota: A Functional Hub Linking Nutrition, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Health.","authors":"Andrea Piccioni, Fabio Spagnuolo, Fabiana Barone, Mariella Fuorlo, Alessio Migneco, Luca Santarelli, Marcello Covino, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi, Marcello Candelli, Giulia Pignataro, Giulia Bosco","doi":"10.2174/0115748871468676260608134904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871468676260608134904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are still among the main causes of illness and death worldwide. In recent years, research has started to look beyond the classic risk factors and has shown growing interest in the gut microbiota, which plays an important role in cardiovascular health. This review highlights how the intestinal microbiota acts as a link between diet, the immune system, and cardiovascular disease, focusing on underlying molecular mechanisms, new potential biomarkers, and clinical relevance. Many bioactive compounds, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are produced by the gut microbiota and can influence inflammation, endothelial function, and lipid metabolism. Chronic low-grade inflammatory state (due to bacterial endotoxins entrance in bloodstream when intestinal permeability increases) contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Multi-omics technologies have helped to understand the functional role of the microbiota better and to identify dynamic biomarkers. These include plasma TMAO levels, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, SCFA patterns, and the presence of microbial species with pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Such biomarkers may be useful for risk assessment, therapeutic monitoring, and the design of personalized dietary strategies. Overall, analyzing the gut microbiota and monitoring its changes through specific biomarkers supports a preventive medicine approach based on lifestyle interventions. This strategy has strong potential to improve public health outcomes while also contributing to more sustainable healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Interventions in Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis: Clinical Challenges and Strategic Solutions.","authors":"Anju Jose, Madiha Sultana, Tushar Verma, Sonia Singh, Sunil Kumar Kadiri, Prashant Tiwari","doi":"10.2174/0115748871445254260527063851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871445254260527063851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), caused by Naegleria fowleri, is a rare but highly devastating infection with a mortality rate exceeding 98%. Although historically sporadic, recent emerging cases and localized outbreaks have raised global concern. The disease's rapid progression and diagnostic complexity demand immediate and precise therapeutic intervention, as even minor medication errors can critically impact patient survival. Such medication errors, ranging from incorrect dosing to delayed administration,Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), caused by Naegleria fowleri, is a rare but devastating infection with a mortality rate exceeding 98%. Although historically sporadic, recent emerging cases and localized outbreaks have heightened global concern. The disease's rapid progression and diagnostic complexity necessitate immediate, precise therapeutic intervention, where even minor medication discrepancies can critically affect survival outcomes. Medication errors ranging from incorrect dosing to delayed administration pose significant clinical and economic challenges, underscoring the need for robust strategic safeguards. Within this context, clinical pharmacists emerge as pivotal agents of patient safety. Their expertise in pharmacotherapy, drug interactions, and adherence to treatment protocols enables them to implement strategic solutions such as: Standardized treatment algorithms for anti-amoebic therapy to minimize dosing errors. Real-time medication reconciliation systems to prevent delays and ensure timely administration. Multidisciplinary coordination frameworks integrating pharmacists with physicians, microbiologists, and intensivists for rapid decision-making. Continuous training and simulation exercises to prepare healthcare teams for rare but high-stakes infections. Digital monitoring and AI-driven alerts to detect potential drug interactions or deviations from protocol. This article synthesizes case reports from the United States, Pakistan, and India, highlighting both historical and recent PAM instances. These narratives emphasize the evolving role of clinical pharmacists in identifying, preventing, and correcting medication-related issues. By bridging clinical insight with pharmaceutical precision, pharmacists not only enhance therapeutic accuracy but also strengthen institutional preparedness against rare infections. As global awareness grows, embedding clinical pharmacy into multidisciplinary care models represents a strategic solution essential not only for PAM but also for other emerging infectious threats where survival hinges on therapeutic precision.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral Air Embolism after Small-bore Chest Tube Insertion in a Patient with Hydropneumothorax: A Case Report.","authors":"Antonio Maiorano, Antonio Sorrentino, Giovanni Lodoli, Pietro Impellizzeri, Gianpietro Marchetti","doi":"10.2174/0115748871484205260525101817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871484205260525101817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/background: </strong>Cerebral air embolism (CAE) is a rare but potentially fatal complication, characterized by the entry of air bubbles into the arterial circulation, subsequently obstructing cerebral blood flow and causing ischemic injury. While CAE is a recognized risk in cardiovascular surgery, barotrauma, trauma of the chest or head, it remains an extremely rare complication of pleural procedures, which is even more exceptional when occurring during chest tube placement. To our knowledge, we report the first case of CAE induced by insertion of a small-bore (12 Fr) chest tube via a safety Verres needle technique in a patient with hydropneumothorax.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The patient was admitted with cough, confusion, fever, and dyspnea. Diagnostic imaging, including a chest x-ray (CXR) and chest Computed Tomography (CT), detected a rightsided hydropneumothorax, which was also identified by thoracic ultrasound. During the 12 Fr chest tube insertion with the patient in the supine position, a sudden loss of consciousness and convulsions occurred. The patient was administered the Trendelenburg position and high-flow oxygen therapy, recovering consciousness within minutes, with residual neurologic deficits. A subsequent head CT scan revealed CAE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights an exceptionally rare but potentially devastating complication of pleural drainage insertion, underscoring the need for heightened clinical vigilance during all pleural procedures, regardless of procedural complexity or drainage size. Although thoracic ultrasound is fundamental for guiding chest tube placement, a thickened pleura is associated with increased procedural risk due to increased resistance. Clinicians should promptly recognize acute neurological deterioration during chest tube placement as a possible manifestation of CAE, performing an early neuroimaging and immediate management.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148206039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Drug Delivery.","authors":"Ashish Kumar Parashar, Vandana Arora Sethi, Gaurav Kant Saraogi, Haya Khader Ahmad Yasin","doi":"10.2174/0115748871436192260509042652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871436192260509042652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are transforming healthcare, particularly in drug delivery, development, and therapeutics. These technologies offer unprecedented potential to address complex diseases and improve patient outcomes. AI-powered drug delivery systems optimize drug release, target specific tissues, and enhance treatment efficacy, thereby minimizing side effects and maximizing therapeutic effectiveness. ML algorithms accelerate drug development by identifying promising candidates and streamlining clinical trials, which reduces both development time and costs. Another significant application is personalized therapeutics, which are tailored to individual patient profiles. AI analyzes genomic and medical history data to predict drug responses and generate optimized treatment plans. This personalized approach increases treatment effectiveness and reduces adverse reactions. AI and ML are also being applied to the management of neurodegenerative disorders, antimicrobial resistance, and ocular diseases, providing tools for early diagnosis and disease management. Ethical considerations such as data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and robust pharmacovigilance are essential for responsible advancement. The integration of AI and ML in drug delivery and therapeutics is poised to significantly improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Insights into Anesthesia-induced Postoperative Gastrointestinal Dysfunction: From Bench to Bedside.","authors":"Xiyan He, Li Ge, Lei Shi, Wenjun Yan","doi":"10.2174/0115748871458869260515041042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871458869260515041042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative Gastrointestinal Dysfunction (PGD), a common surgical complication closely linked to anaesthetic agents and techniques, has garnered increasing research attention under the framework of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), driving significant progress in both basic and clinical understanding. This review aims to summarise the latest advances in anaesthesia-induced PGD, with a focus on its mechanisms, anaesthetic drug effects, and clinical management strategies, to provide evidence-based references for optimising perioperative care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive narrative review of recent literature from PubMed was conducted. The search terms included \"anaesthetic drugs,\" \"postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction,\" \"ERAS,\" and \"multimodal analgesia.\" Both preclinical and clinical studies were included to synthesize current evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anaesthetic drugs, especially opioids, significantly inhibit gastrointestinal motility and contribute to PGD. Inhalational anaesthetics such as sevoflurane may increase the risk of intestinal paralysis, while propofol demonstrates protective effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Regional anaesthesia and multimodal analgesia reduce opioid exposure and improve gastrointestinal recovery. Emerging strategies, including novel opioid formulations, modulation of the gut microbiota, and non-pharmacological interventions (e.g., early enteral nutrition, electroacupuncture), show promising potential for mitigating PGD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preventing and managing PGD requires optimizing anesthetic protocols, reducing opioid reliance, and integrating multimodal interventions, while future research should prioritize personalized anesthesia, modulation of the gut-brain axis, and AI-enhanced perioperative care to improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148138817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super-selective Bulbar Artery Embolization with Micro Coils for Severe Urethral Bleeding After Transurethral Resection of the Prostate: A Case Report.","authors":"Konstantinos Tzelepis, Ioannis Leotsakos, Nikolaos Karatarakis, Ilias Giannakodimos, Andreas Lampropoulos, Panagiotis Venieris, Magda Georgiadou, Vasileios Nikolaou","doi":"10.2174/0115748871455273260429063615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871455273260429063615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urethral bleeding resulting from a urethral injury is usually easily controlled with conservative management (placement of a catheter and pressure). The case of uncontrolled urethral bleeding is rare, and only a small number of uncontrolled urethral bleeding case reports after urological procedures have been reported in the literature.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>Herein, we present an unusual case of a 67-year-old male with uncontrolled urethral bleeding after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) for benign prostatic hyperplasia, who underwent a successfully, hyper-selective embolization of the bulbar artery with micro coils. Hyperselective embolization of the bulbar artery with micro coils was successfully. The patient was discharged home within 76 hours. At the regular follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic, his laboratory studies were stable, while no tissue ischemia with subsequent urethral strictures and erectile dysfunction was noticed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although urethral bleeding after transurethral procedures is common, the urologist should be aware of the management options for massive bleeding. End-vessel vascular embolization, such as the bulbar urethral artery with permanent metal coils, is an option in case of uncontrolled urethral bleeding when conservative treatment has failed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148144483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Insight into Decoding Drug-resistant Key Proteins, in-silico Targeting Approach and Various Inhibitory Therapeutics of Hepatitis C Virus: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Snigdha Bhardwaj, Kandasamy Nagarajan, Tulika Bhardwaj","doi":"10.2174/0115748871413867260409130542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748871413867260409130542","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is believed to cause 130-170 million infections worldwide, or roughly 3% population worldwide, and poses a serious risk to global health. Hepatitis C is an enveloped +ve RNA virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. All around the world, HCV infection is the main cause of serious liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Even though drugs have been around for a while, only a small number of them have been proven to be effective against every HCV genotype because of their genetic diversity and complexity. The objective of the paper to understand various protein targets of HCV and study various inhibitors from different sources and their scope in the treatment of HCV infection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The terms \"core proteins,\" \"structural and non-structural HCV proteins,\" \"treatment strategies of HCV,\" and \"hepatitis C virus\" were used to search the scientific database for relevant publications. A selection of reports from PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, followed by Science Direct, and Google Scholar that were searched through 2024 are included in this review. In this work, the findings were evaluated, collected, and presented. There were 218 papers in all, and the number of articles published between 2010 and 2024 increased exponentially.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;This study provides an overview of what is currently known about the virology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of HCV. Additionally, it offers a thorough examination of HCV proteins as potential targets for the creation of vaccines and antiviral medications. The NS5B polymerase, NS3/4A protease, entrance receptors, including CD81, and core proteins are among the specific HCV proteins that have been suggested as possible therapeutic targets. Additionally, the potential uses of HCV proteins as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Although successful, the current direct- acting antiviral treatments have drawbacks related to resistance, genotype specificity, and cost. In order to guide future research on better preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches against this worldwide infectious disease threat, this review attempts to compile crucial knowledge on HCV biology and pathogenesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings of the review indicate the importance of understanding various protein targets of HCV and studying various inhibitors from different sources and their scope in the treatment of HCV infection. In support of the review, an in-silico based meta-analysis study is included to infer the complete antiviral potential of Hepatitis C Virus- Drug Resistance and different proteinsbased therapeutic targets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;We intended to highlight the advances gained in managing and preventing HCV infection, as well as the ongoing challenges to HCV prevention. The primary goal was to connect with global health objectives in order to reduce ","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147974879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}