Reviews on recent clinical trials最新文献_第5页

PARP Inhibitors in Colorectal Malignancies: A 2023 Update. PARP抑制剂在结直肠恶性肿瘤中的应用:2023年的最新进展

IF 1.4

Reviews on recent clinical trials Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871260815231116060817

Nikolaos Skouteris, Georgios Papageorgiou

{"title":"PARP Inhibitors in Colorectal Malignancies: A 2023 Update.","authors":"Nikolaos Skouteris, Georgios Papageorgiou","doi":"10.2174/0115748871260815231116060817","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748871260815231116060817","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the Western world, and metastatic disease is associated with a dismal prognosis. Poly-ADpribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors gain increasing attention in the field of medical oncology, as they lead to synthetic lethality in malignancies with preexisting alterations in the DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway. As those alterations are frequently seen in CRC, a targeted approach through PARP inhibitors is expected to benefit these patients, both alone and in combination with other agents like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, antiangiogenics, and radiation.Objective: This review article aims to better clarify the role of PARP inhibitors as a treatment option in patients with metastatic CRC with alterations in the DDR pathway.Methods: We used the PubMed database to retrieve journal articles and the inclusion criteria were all human studies that illustrated the effective role of PARP inhibitors in patients with metastatic CRC with homologous repair deficiency (HRD) and the correct line of therapy.Results: Current evidence supports the utilization of PARP inhibitors in CRC subgroups, as monotherapy and in combination with other agents. Up to now, data are insufficient to support a formal indication, and further research is needed.Conclusion: Efforts to precisely define the homologous repair deficiency (HRD) in CRC - and eventually the subgroup of patients that are expected to benefit the most - are also underway.","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":"101-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regulatory Procedures and Integrated Requirements for Early Phase Development of a Pharmaceutical Drug Product. 药品早期开发的监管程序和综合要求。

IF 1.4

Reviews on recent clinical trials Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871251739231018104151

Gaurav, Niraj Sandeep Patil, Animesh Ranjan, Dilpreet Singh

引用次数: 0

Is There an Association between 5a Reductase Inhibitors and Metabolic Syndrome? A Narrative Review of the Literature. 5a 还原酶抑制剂与代谢综合征有关联吗？文献综述。

IF 1.4

Reviews on recent clinical trials Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871303638240529160610

Afroditi Ziogou, Alexios Giannakodimos, Evangelia Mitakidi, Tzelepis Konstantinos, Ilias Giannakodimos

{"title":"Is There an Association between 5a Reductase Inhibitors and Metabolic Syndrome? A Narrative Review of the Literature.","authors":"Afroditi Ziogou, Alexios Giannakodimos, Evangelia Mitakidi, Tzelepis Konstantinos, Ilias Giannakodimos","doi":"10.2174/0115748871303638240529160610","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748871303638240529160610","url":null,"abstract":"Finasteride and dutasteride are 5a Reductase Inhibitors (5a-RIs) and comprise the mainstay of treatment for the management of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. 5a-RIs are expressed in a variety of tissues, such as adipose tissues and liver, resulting in a reduction of glucocorticoid levels and affecting androgen regulation and metabolic function. As a result, the administration of these regimens may generate adverse metabolic events, such as liver disease, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Although several studies have tried to record these adverse metabolic events both in human subjects and animal models, the exact mechanisms of these actions have not been well described yet in the literature. Further well-designed clinical trials are needed to elucidate the exact role of 5a reductase inhibitors in the progression of the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature concerning the role of dutasteride or finasteride in the progression of metabolic adverse events and further investigate possible pathophysiologic mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":"229-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Confidence Interval: Advantages, Disadvantages and the Dilemma of Interpretation. 置信区间：解释的优势、劣势和困境。

IF 1.4

Reviews on recent clinical trials Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871266250231120043345

Pramod K Sharma, Mamta Yadav

{"title":"Confidence Interval: Advantages, Disadvantages and the Dilemma of Interpretation.","authors":"Pramod K Sharma, Mamta Yadav","doi":"10.2174/0115748871266250231120043345","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748871266250231120043345","url":null,"abstract":"Confidence interval (CI) is one of the important reporting tools for research data as it not only provides valuable information about the effect size along with its width but also possible clinical significance. Unfortunately, this approach is not being utilized to its fullest extent. Determining point estimate always includes an element of uncertainty due to associated sampling error. A confidence interval may be an appropriate tool to measure this uncertainty. Further, the P value does not convey information about the magnitude of an effect and the error associated with it. Thus, in an ideal situation effect size should preferably be associated with a confidence interval to assess precision. Not only does CI let us assess likely effects but also decides whether the intervention applied could have clinical utility. In contrast, the p-value limits our option to either reject any differences that are not significant or accept those that are. However, confidence intervals are commonly misinterpreted. It is imperative to understand that the CI is not the range of effects that 95% of patients in the population exhibit. Moreover, it would also be erroneous to say that there is a 95% probability that the CI includes the true population effect. Interpretation is usually based on the context in which the confidence interval is being looked at. From a utility point of view and like other statistical tools confidence interval approach does have several advantages as well as disadvantages and is far beyond being a perfect statistical tool.","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":"76-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138808507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Complement-dependent Cytotoxicity Crossmatch and HLA Typing in Solid Organ Transplant. 补体依赖性细胞毒性交叉配型和 HLA 分型在实体器官移植中的作用。

IF 1.4

Reviews on recent clinical trials Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871266738231218145616

Arpit Tiwari, Sayali Mukherjee

{"title":"Role of Complement-dependent Cytotoxicity Crossmatch and HLA Typing in Solid Organ Transplant.","authors":"Arpit Tiwari, Sayali Mukherjee","doi":"10.2174/0115748871266738231218145616","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748871266738231218145616","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Solid organ transplantation is a life-saving medical operation that has progressed greatly because of developments in diagnostic tools and histocompatibility tests. Crossmatching for complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing are two important methods for checking graft compatibility and reducing the risk of graft rejection. HLA typing and CDC crossmatching are critical in kidney, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, intestine, and multi-organ transplantation.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on the internet, using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, to identify peer-reviewed publications about solid organ transplants, HLA typing, and CDC crossmatching.Conclusion: Recent advances in HLA typing have allowed for high-resolution evaluation, epitope matching, and personalized therapy methods. Genomic profiling, next-generation sequencing, and artificial intelligence have improved HLA typing precision, resulting in better patient outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) driven virtual crossmatching and predictive algorithms have eliminated the requirement for physical crossmatching in the context of CDC crossmatching, boosting organ allocation and transplant efficiency. This review elaborates on the importance of HLA typing and CDC crossmatching in solid organ transplantation.","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":"34-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins in Healthy and Diseased States by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. 利用核磁共振表征健康和患病状态下的内在紊乱蛋白质。

IF 1.4

Reviews on recent clinical trials Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871271420240213064251

Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian, Wenli Sun

{"title":"Characterization of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins in Healthy and Diseased States by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.","authors":"Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian, Wenli Sun","doi":"10.2174/0115748871271420240213064251","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748871271420240213064251","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs) are active in different cellular procedures like ordered assembly of chromatin and ribosomes, interaction with membrane, protein, and ligand binding, molecular recognition, binding, and transportation via nuclear pores, microfilaments and microtubules process and disassembly, protein functions, RNA chaperone, and nucleic acid binding, modulation of the central dogma, cell cycle, and other cellular activities, post-translational qualification and substitute splicing, and flexible entropic linker and management of signaling pathways.Methods: The intrinsic disorder is a precise structural characteristic that permits IDPs/IDPRs to be involved in both one-to-many and many-to-one signaling. IDPs/IDPRs also exert some dynamical and structural ordering, being much less constrained in their activities than folded proteins. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a major technique for the characterization of IDPs, and it can be used for dynamic and structural studies of IDPs.Results and conclusion: This review was carried out to discuss intrinsically disordered proteins and their different goals, as well as the importance and effectiveness of NMR in characterizing intrinsically disordered proteins in healthy and diseased states.","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":"176-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.), Pharmacological and Phytochemical Activities of Neglected Legume of the Mediterranean Basin, as Functional Food. 角豆树（Ceratonia siliqua L.），作为功能性食品的地中海盆地被忽视的豆科植物的药理学和植物化学活性。

IF 1.4

Reviews on recent clinical trials Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871278128240109074506

Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian, Wenli Sun

{"title":"Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.), Pharmacological and Phytochemical Activities of Neglected Legume of the Mediterranean Basin, as Functional Food.","authors":"Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian, Wenli Sun","doi":"10.2174/0115748871278128240109074506","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748871278128240109074506","url":null,"abstract":"Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) has been widely cultivated in different parts of the world, particularly in the Mediterranean region, and the tree belongs to the family Leguminosae. Several studies have indicated that carobs and their products can improve human health and help prevent different specific chronic diseases. Carob can considered as functional food due to its high content in dietary fibers, low-fat content, and high content of minerals. Its fruit is a pod containing 10%-20% seeds, and the pods consist of sugars, proteins, crude fibers, minerals, vitamins, polyphenols, vitamins, and lipids. In many countries in the Middle east, carob is mainly used to prepare as a traditional drink and some kinds of confectioneries. The powders can be utilized to prepare carob juice concentrate. The systematic review of documents from clinical trials and scientific societies dedicated to traditional medicine in China has been carried out. The goal of this review article is a survey of chemical compounds, and pharmaceutical benefits of carob, especially by considering traditional medicinal sciences. Moreover, clinical trials research promotes studies to highlight and focus on the scope of application of traditional medicinal science in the growing system of medicine.","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":"127-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cancer Patients' Attitudes Towards the Anti-Covid-19 Vaccine: A Collective Case Study. 癌症患者对抗Covid-19疫苗的态度：一项集体案例研究。

IF 1.4

Reviews on recent clinical trials Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871258981231024103349

Mara Mirandola, Federica Andreis, Chiara Deori, Sonia Abdel Kader, Anna Chiara Wedenissow, Clelia Malighetti, Fausto Meriggi, Alberto Zaniboni

{"title":"Cancer Patients' Attitudes Towards the Anti-Covid-19 Vaccine: A Collective Case Study.","authors":"Mara Mirandola, Federica Andreis, Chiara Deori, Sonia Abdel Kader, Anna Chiara Wedenissow, Clelia Malighetti, Fausto Meriggi, Alberto Zaniboni","doi":"10.2174/0115748871258981231024103349","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748871258981231024103349","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine cancer patients' attitudes toward the anti-COVID-19 vaccine.Background: Historically, the scientific community's responsibility was to investigate attitudes about vaccination. The course of COVID-19 in cancer patients makes them a high priority for vaccination. Cancer patients are at greater risk of serious complications and death because of COVID-19 infection.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine cancer patients' attitudes toward the anti-COVID-19 vaccine. We examined several constructs that potentially influenced cancer patients' perceptions of the vaccine: health status, knowledge of COVID-19 and vaccination, cancer patients' perceptions of vulnerability, and attitudes toward general vaccines.Methods: We conducted a collective case study with 200 cancer patients undergoing treatment, and divided the sample into two groups: patients who \"expected to heal\" (Group A) and patients who \"expected to chronicize\" (Group B). Data were collected through a purpose-built questionnaire consisting of 22 questions and a study of medical records.Results: Data analysis showed that both groups, Group A (M= 3.89 SD= 0.64) and Group B (M= 3.98 SD= 0.64), had a favorable attitude toward the anti-COVID-19 vaccine. This favorable attitude toward the anti-COVID-19 vaccine depended on several factors: perception of vulnerability to COVID-19, perception of the severity of their oncological situation, and communication with oncologists.Conclusion: Our study highlighted the plurality of factors that influence attitudes toward the anti-COVID-19 vaccine. It is therefore of fundamental importance to increase the use of the shared decision-making approach (SDM) to guide the patient to an informed choice.","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71485531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) and Natural Remedies for Treatment of the Common Cold and Flu. 伊朗传统医学和治疗普通感冒和流感的自然疗法。

IF 1.4

Reviews on recent clinical trials Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871275500231127065053

Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian, Wenli Sun

{"title":"Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) and Natural Remedies for Treatment of the Common Cold and Flu.","authors":"Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian, Wenli Sun","doi":"10.2174/0115748871275500231127065053","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748871275500231127065053","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional Iranian medicine is usually used for both prevention and relief of cold and flu symptoms in China, Iran, and many other Asian countries all over the world. There are 4 kinds of influenza viruses. Unlike type B, which may cause seasonal epidemics, type A viruses can cause pandemics, and influenza C may lead to mild human infection with little public health effects. A literature review was done by using multiple databases such as ISI Web of knowledge, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The most notable antiviral medicinal plants for flu and cold are honeysuckle flowers, thyme leaf, green chiretta, andrographis, peppermint oil and leaf and calendula. The most important expectorant medicinal plants for cold and flu are snake root, tulsi, licorice root, slippery elm, clove, and sage leaf. Recommended immunostimulant medicinal plants for cold and flu are eucalyptus, Echinacea root, ginseng, garlic, slippery elm, marshmallow, Usnea lichen, Isatis root, ginger root, and myrrh resin. Iranian traditional medicine, which is one of the oldest schools of traditional medicine, is one of the main concepts of disease and health, and it can be considered as an important complementary and alternative medicine, as in some cases, modern medicine has many side effects, low efficiency, and high costs. Medicinal plants and herbs, which are included in many traditional systems, have significant and promising bioactive components in organic life.","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender Differences in Patients with Prolactinoma: Single-center Ukrainian Experience. 泌乳素瘤患者的性别差异：乌克兰单中心经验。

IF 1.4

Reviews on recent clinical trials Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871288948240325080936

Oleksandr Voznyak, Iaroslav Zinkevych, Andrii Lytvynenko, Nazarii Hryniv, Roman Ilyuk, Nazarii Kobyliak

{"title":"Gender Differences in Patients with Prolactinoma: Single-center Ukrainian Experience.","authors":"Oleksandr Voznyak, Iaroslav Zinkevych, Andrii Lytvynenko, Nazarii Hryniv, Roman Ilyuk, Nazarii Kobyliak","doi":"10.2174/0115748871288948240325080936","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748871288948240325080936","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary gland tumors that secrete overly prolactin. They account for approximately 60% of all hormone-secreting hypophysis tumors.Aim: This study aims to analyze gender differences in patients with prolactinomas who were operated on transsphenoidal surgery and conduct a single-center retrospective analysis of patient data.Material and methods: This study evaluated the medical records of 109 patients (61 females and 48 males) from 2009 to 2019 at Feofaniya Clinical Hospital of the State Administration of Affairs in Kyiv, Ukraine. The primary criterion for including patients was a Serum Prolactin (PRL) level of over 100 ng/ml and the presence of a pituitary adenoma (PA) as observed on MRI. Additionally, the histological examination needed to confirm the presence of Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas (PSPAs) without plurihormonal activity through both microscopy and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.Results: Significant differences in preoperative PRL levels were not observed. However, males had significantly larger tumor sizes and prevalence of macroadenomas. In male patients, the preoperative PLR levels showed a weak negative correlation with age (r=-0.304, p < 0.036) and a positive correlation with tumor size (r=0.555, p < 0.001) and cavernous sinus invasion (r=0.339, p < 0.018). In females, preoperative PRL was significantly associated only with tumor size and Knosp grade.Conclusion: Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas (PSPAs) are more common in women than men and are characterized by larger and more invasive tumors with high PRL levels at diagnosis. The PRL level and tumor size before surgery can predict early biochemical remission in both males and females with an accuracy of 58.3% and 68.8%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":21174,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on recent clinical trials","volume":" ","pages":"204-214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0