Reproductive toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Maternal exposure to phthalates and nanoplastics, isolated or combined: Impacts on placental structure, development, and antioxidant defense as a trigger for maternal-fetal adversities","authors":"Natália Magosso ,&nbsp;Patrick Vieira Souza ,&nbsp;Mirella Franco Moreira ,&nbsp;Vanessa Aguiar Rocha ,&nbsp;Matheus Naia Fioretto ,&nbsp;Victória Cristina Pinha ,&nbsp;Gabriel Aquino Maia ,&nbsp;Vinícius Luís Rocha S. Maria ,&nbsp;Luisa Annibal Barata ,&nbsp;Giovanna Fachetti Frigoli ,&nbsp;Glaura Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes ,&nbsp;Arielle Cristina Arena ,&nbsp;Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The placenta is an essential maternal-fetal organ for the healthy development of the fetus, linking maternal and fetal circulations. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as phthalates derived from plastic residues, may impair offspring development and increase the risk of metabolic disorders. Plastics also degrade into microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), which can cross the placenta, carrying EDCs and impacting fetal development. The objective of this study was to investigate whether gestational exposure to a phthalate mixture (PM) and NPs interferes with the maternal-fetal interface, altering female reproductive efficiency and placental morphophysiology. Pregnant SD rats were divided into 6 groups: CTR(control; vehicle), T1(20 μg/kg/day-PM), T2(200 mg/kg/day-PM), T3(1 mg/kg/day NPs-100nm), T4(20 μg/kg/dayPM+1 mg/kg/day-NPs-100nm), and T5(200 mg/kg/day-PM+1 mg/kg/day-NPs-100 nm). Treatment was administered orally from gestational day 5 (GD5) to GD20. At GD20, 5–8 rats from each group were anesthetized and underwent laparotomy, and blood, ovaries, uterus, and placentas were analyzed. There was an increase in pre-implantation loss in T3, T4 and T5 groups, a reduction in placental weight, and an increase in placental efficiency in male offspring in T3 group. An increase in the number of fetuses small for gestational age was observed in T3 and T5 vs. C. Furthermore, the treatment caused an increase in the expression of targets related to trophoblast cell differentiation in T5, and growth factors related to angiogenesis in the placenta in T3 and T4 groups. There was a decrease in TBARS, SOD, and GSTpi levels in T2, while CAT increased in T3, suggesting that these pollutants modulate placental gene expression and energy metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 108930"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of exposure to microplastics on female reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh ,&nbsp;Nasir Arefinia ,&nbsp;Zohreh-Al-Sadat Ghoreshi ,&nbsp;Hedyeh Askarpour ,&nbsp;Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastic pollution is one of the most important challenges to public health. The current study aimed to assess the impact of microplastic accumulation on female reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes. A comprehensive search was conducted in databases, including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, to evaluate the effects of microplastic contamination on reproductive health and fetal outcomes. Thirteen studies met our criteria. Microplastic pollution was found in samples of placenta, meconium, amniotic fluid, and feces. In total, 10 polymers were identified, among which polystyrene, polyurethane, and polyamide polymers were the most abundant. The average size of the microplastics was 2.1–100 micrometers. The contamination rate with microplastics was measured at about an event rate of 87 % (95 % CI: 80.0–91.2). It was found that microplastic content in human reproductive tissue has nothing to do with the mode of delivery. Also, the results showed that consuming food in plastic containers increased the chance of contamination with microplastics in pregnant women (95 % CI: 1.32–21.9; OR: 5.39). The clinical elevation of microplastic accumulation with adverse pregnancy outcomes has shown a significant correlation between microplastic content in the placenta and gestational age (95 % CI: 0.03–0.22; OR: 0.89). In addition, microplastic pollution in the placenta significantly increases the risk of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (95 % CI: 2.07–8.06; OR: 5.06). Microplastics may be a risk factor that contributes to human reproductive health issues and pregnancy-related outcomes; further large-scale investigations are needed to confirm the current findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 108932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repair effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium on cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian injury in mice","authors":"Shuangjuan Liu ,&nbsp;Weiqi Liu ,&nbsp;Yumei Liu ,&nbsp;Dongliu Luo ,&nbsp;Jingwen Feng ,&nbsp;Leyao Hou ,&nbsp;Haotong Cui,&nbsp;Yao Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Chen ,&nbsp;Xuemin Zhu ,&nbsp;Lan Wei ,&nbsp;Qiongxia Lv ,&nbsp;Ziqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide (CTX) may damage the ovarian tissue of females and induce premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) on CTX-induced POI mice, and to provide new support for the clinical use of cell-free therapy for POI. Female mice were treated with CTX intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks, followed by ADSCs or ADSC-CM by intravenous injection for 2 weeks. At the end of the experiment, various parameters were assessed, including ovarian interstitial fibrosis, cell proliferation, follicular count, the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E₂), and the expression of gonadal hormone receptor. Additionally, we assessed the levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway-related proteins and genes in ovarian tissue. The results showed that ADSCs or ADSC-CM treatment reduced ovarian interstitial fibrosis, promoted the proliferation of cells in the follicles, and increased the number of follicles and ovarian function. In addition, ADSCs and ADSC-CM also reduced the levels of ovarian oxidative stress, decreased the apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs), and inhibited the activation of ASK1/JNK signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study confirmed that ADSC-CM, like ADSCs, could exert therapeutic effects in POI diseases, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress-mediated activation of ASK1/JNK signaling pathway. This study has important implications for the development of cell-free therapies for the clinical treatment of POI diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 108923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial stress and associations with inflammation in mid-gestation maternal, fetal, and placental tissue","authors":"Neha Sehgal ,&nbsp;Lin Li ,&nbsp;Dana E. Goin ,&nbsp;Jessica Chen ,&nbsp;Unurzul Jigmeddagva ,&nbsp;Rachel Morello-Frosch ,&nbsp;Tracey J. Woodruff ,&nbsp;Stephanie L. Gaw ,&nbsp;Joshua F. Robinson ,&nbsp;Stephanie M. Eick","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inflammation has been implicated as an intermediary between psychosocial stress and adverse birth outcomes. However, prior work has mostly relied on maternal inflammation as a proxy for fetal inflammation mid-gestation or measured fetal inflammation in cord blood and placenta obtained at delivery. No studies have examined psychosocial stress in relation to fetal inflammation mid-gestation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty cytokines were measured in matched maternal blood, cord blood, and placenta obtained mid-gestation from a socio-demographically diverse group of pregnant participants undergoing elective second-trimester pregnancy terminations (N = 106). Corticotropin-releasing hormone, a proposed biomarker of gestational length, was measured in maternal blood. Perceived stress, and exposure to stressful life events, job strain, and social support were measured via questionnaires. We used linear regression to estimate associations between individual stressors and inflammatory biomarkers in each biomatrix and principal component analysis to assess groups of inflammatory biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We observed many matrix-specific associations between psychosocial stressors and inflammatory biomarkers. For example, low versus high social support was associated with significantly decreased levels of maternal blood CCL3 (β=-0.53; 95 % confidence interval [CI]=-0.98,-0.07), CCL4 (β=-0.26; 95 % CI=-0.47,-0.04), IL8 (β=-0.79; 95 % CI=-1.47,-0.11), CXCL9 (β=-0.47; 95 % CI=-0.89,-0.06), IFNγ (β=-2.28; 95 % CI=-3.60,-0.96), IL4 (β=-1.07; 95 % CI=-1.88,-0.26); and cord blood IFNγ (β=-0.83; 95 % CI=-1.52,-0.14). Social support was not associated with placental inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>During mid-pregnancy, psychosocial stress─ particularly low social support─ was associated with maternal blood levels of select cytokines, suggesting a potential pathway linking social stress and inflammation. Our results indicate that the placenta may buffer these inflammatory effects on the fetus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 108922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary protein deficiency exacerbates perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS)-induced reproductive abnormalities and metabolic disruptions in female rats","authors":"Suramya,&nbsp;Mehjbeen Javed,&nbsp;Anuradha Mangla,&nbsp;Suraj Kumar,&nbsp;Shaesta Shahid,&nbsp;Humaira Naaz Bhutto,&nbsp;Shahzad Ahmad,&nbsp;Basir Ahmad,&nbsp;Sheikh Raisuddin","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a persistent environmental contaminant linked with several health implications. Humans are exposed to PFHxS mainly through ingestion. Studies have reported that a diet deficient in essential nutrients may have confounding effect on the toxicity outcome of chemicals. We evaluated the potential impact of PFHxS exposure on the reproductive damage in animals maintained on the diet deficient in protein. Female Wistar rats (<em>n</em> = 6) were divided as controls and treatment groups (5 ppm and 25 ppm PFHxS, protein deficient, protein deficient +5 ppm PFHxS and protein deficient +25 ppm PFHxS). PFHxS exposure disrupted the estrous cycle with an increased duration of the diestrus stage at 25 ppm and protein deficient + 25 ppm PFHxS showing 55.56 % and 78.77 % disorder, respectively. There was a significant elevation (P &lt; 0.01) in LH/FSH ratio and reduction in testosterone (P &lt; 0.01), estradiol (P &lt; 0.01), and progesterone (P &lt; 0.001) in protein deficient + 25 ppm PFHxS group. A high order of increase in lipid profile parameters was found in protein deficient + 25 ppm PFHxS group. However, high-density lipoprotein decreased in this group. Protein deficient + 25 ppm PFHxS group animals also revealed high level of oxidative stress. Histopathological findings revealed the presence of cystic follicles and theca cell degeneration in ovaries in the protein deficient + 25 ppm PFHxS group with a significant decrease (P &lt; 0.01) in the myometrium and endometrial area of uterus. The combined effect of protein deficiency and PFHxS exposure caused a greater reprotoxicity compared to either factor alone implying an increased vulnerability of reproductive function in malnourished populations to environmental contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 108921"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of fluoride exposure on reproductive health: Insights into molecular mechanisms and health implications","authors":"Vishal Chhabra ,&nbsp;Sarasa Meenakshi ,&nbsp;Shreya Maity ,&nbsp;Dheeraj Saini ,&nbsp;Mohit Saini ,&nbsp;Krishna Murti ,&nbsp;Nitesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the benefits of fluoride in preventing dental caries are well-established, concerns about its potential toxicity at high intake levels are rising. This review investigates the link between chronic fluoride exposure and reproductive health outcomes at the molecular level, focusing on population growth and child sex ratios in the fluorosis-affected and non-fluorosis regions. The exploration of the detrimental effects of fluoride on both male and female reproductive systems is necessary. In males, hormonal variations, alterations in spermatogenesis, capacitation, and sperm motility using molecular markers, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data. For females, hormonal imbalances, disruptions in oocyte formation, teratogenicity (congenital disabilities), and compromised infant development due to maternal fluorosis using similar approaches. Furthermore, we explored drugs that address affected pathways, the potential benefits of vitamins and natural remedies, and lifestyle modifications to minimise adverse effects. The impact of various molecular pathways like apoptosis, autophagy, DNA damage, hormonal imbalance, inflammatory response, mitochondrial dynamics, and cell signalling pathways has been linked to reproductive toxicity induced by chronic and specific doses of fluoride. Analysing existing research and exploring potential therapeutic avenues contributes to the development of strategies to safeguard reproductive well-being in populations exposed to high fluoride levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 108907"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of maternal PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy on cardiovascular maldevelopment in rat offspring","authors":"Shengying Yang ,&nbsp;Guiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinru Hong ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Huangfeng Hong ,&nbsp;Lina Liu ,&nbsp;Hailong Wang ,&nbsp;Shuiping Wu ,&nbsp;Yulan Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Qinghua Sun ,&nbsp;Chaobin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Epidemiological studies suggest a link between maternal exposure to PM_2.5 during pregnancy and a higher incidence of fetal cardiovascular abnormalities. However, experimental data on the underlying mechanisms remain scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to explore the effects of maternal PM_2.5 exposure during pregnancy on fetal cardiovascular maldevelopment in a rat model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-eight pregnant rats were divided into control and PM_2.5-exposed groups according the exposure doses (<em>N</em> = 7 per group). Rats were administered with PM_2.5 suspensions corresponding to 0, 2.6, 5.5, and 11 μg/d, respectively, during gestation. On gestational day 21, neonatal hearts were collected, and levels of cardiac transcription factors (Tbx2, Tbx20, Hand2 and Gata6), MMP9, TN-C, VEGF-A, NF-κB, apoptotic markers (Bax/Bcl-2 ratio), catalase (CAT), and lipid metabolism indicators were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the 11 μg/d group, the mRNA levels of Tbx2, Tbx20, Hand2, Gata6, MMP9, TN-C and VEGF-A, the protein levels of Tbx2, Hand2, and TN-C, and blood CAT activity were significantly reduced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Conversely, NF-κB, Bax/Bcl-2, and serum markers of dyslipidemia (TC, TG, LDH, LDL-C/HDL-C) were significantly elevated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, TN-C and Hand2 mRNA levels were reduced in the 2.6 μg/d group, and LDH level was increased in the 5.5 μg/d group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Maternal PM_2.5 exposure during pregnancy is associated with fetal cardiovascular maldevelopments, possibly through the changes of cardiac transcription factors, vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and abnormalities of lipid metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 108906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 700 MHz radiofrequency radiation (5 G lower band) on the reproductive parameters of female Wistar rats","authors":"Neha Jha ,&nbsp;Priyanka Sarsaiya ,&nbsp;Anuj Kumar Tomar ,&nbsp;Sonali Pardhiya ,&nbsp;Jay Prakash Nirala ,&nbsp;P.K. Chaturvedi ,&nbsp;Surabhi Gupta ,&nbsp;Paulraj Rajamani","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of 5 G technology has raised concerns about its potential biological effects, particularly reproductive health being one key area of focus. This study investigated the impact of 700 MHz, a lower 5 G frequency band, on the reproductive health of female Wistar rats. The experiment analyzed the effects of short-term and long-term exposure to 700 MHz mobile radiation on female Wistar rats. Rats were divided into three groups (control, sham-exposed, and exposed), with sample sizes of n = 6 for short-term and n = 8 for long-term exposure. For short-term exposure, rats were subjected to 6 hrs of radiation daily for 10 days, while for long-term exposure, rats exposed 4 hrs daily for 60 days. Physiological parameters, including estrous cyclicity, were monitored, and histopathological and biochemical analyses were conducted on harvested ovaries. Comet assay was performed to assess DNA damage. The results indicated no changes in estrous cycles or comet assay parameters in either exposure group. Serological hormone levels, including estradiol and progesterone, remained within normal ranges, but a slight yet significant increase in testosterone levels was observed in exposed groups. Oxidative stress markers revealed elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and significant decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), total sulfhydryl content, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in exposed ovaries. Histopathological analysis showed no significant changes in ovarian morphology in short-term exposure but revealed alterations, including cystic follicles and abnormal vasculature, in long-term exposure. These findings suggest that 700 MHz radiation may induce oxidative stress and tissue changes in ovarian samples over prolonged exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 108910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of ATG7-mediated ferroptosis in formaldehyde-induced ovarian injury in rats","authors":"Kun Mao ,&nbsp;Hao-zhe Yan ,&nbsp;Jia-qi Yang ,&nbsp;Zi-xin Yin ,&nbsp;Xin-qi Gao ,&nbsp;Hao-fu Liu ,&nbsp;Heng Su ,&nbsp;Yuan-yuan Geng ,&nbsp;Pan Ge ,&nbsp;Dang-xia Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To investigate the mechanisms of toxicological damage of formaldehyde to the female reproductive system</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A Mendelian randomization method was used to predict a causal relationship between ferroptosis genes and female infertility. Changes in the structure and function of rat ovaries were observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy. Combined with molecular experiments, we verified the alterations of GSH, iron ions, MDA levels, and the expression of ferroptosis genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mendelian randomization suggested a significant causal relationship between ATG7 and female infertility. Animal experiments showed that formaldehyde caused abnormal follicular maturation and ovarian mitochondrial alterations. Meanwhile, formaldehyde induced elevated levels of iron ions and MDA and decreased GSH levels. Further detection by Western blotting and qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of the ferroptosis marker gene GPX4 decreased and ATG7 increased in the ovary after formaldehyde stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Formaldehyde affected the structure and physiological function of rat ovary by activating the expression level of ATG7 and inhibiting the activity of GPX4, which caused iron overload and elevated levels of peroxides, leading to the occurrence of ferroptosis in ovarian tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 108902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uteroplacental adaptations to an altered gestational environment: Advances in clinical, animal model and in vitro studies","authors":"Jayanth Ramadoss,&nbsp;Michael C. Petriello,&nbsp;Madhu Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 108900"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}