Reproductive toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Gestational triclosan exposure and its effects on childneurodevelopment – A systematic review","authors":"Aleksander Brandão Santana ,&nbsp;Lídia EmmanuelaWiazowski Spelta ,&nbsp;Joselin Valeska Martinez-Sobalvarro ,&nbsp;Raphael Caio Tamborelli Garcia ,&nbsp;Tiago Marques dos Reis ,&nbsp;Larissa Helena Lobo Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triclosan (TCS) is a lipophilic antimicrobial agent present in commercial and healthcare products. Despite its beneficial properties, TCS disrupts thyroid hormone homeostasis and may be linked to metabolic disorders, cardiotoxicity, and increased cancer risk. Evidence on prenatal TCS exposure and adverse neurobehavioral outcomes is limited. This systematic review aimed to verify whether prenatal exposure to TCS is associated with neurobehavioral impairments. Observational studies with pregnant women exposed to TCS during pregnancy were included. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS databases were searched for studies up to February 27, 2024. Titles and abstracts were first screened, followed by full-text readings by two independent reviewers. Data extraction was performed independently, with conflicts resolved by consensus with a third reviewer. The included studies were assessed using an adapted Downs and Black tool and qualitatively synthesized. Certainty of evidence was assessed by GRADE. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024526426). Among 17 studies, 14 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. The sample size ranged from 193 to 794 pairs of pregnant women and children. Exposure to TCS throughout pregnancy resulted in median concentrations from 0.40 ng/mL to 28.2 ng/mL. Four studies suggested a potential association between prenatal TCS exposure and neurodevelopmental deficits, such as externalizing problems, attention issues, hyperactivity, somatization, emotional symptoms, social awareness, and communication; in contrast, eight studies found no significant effect. The studies had low certainty of evidence. Considering the heterogeneity and confounding factors, further investigation is required to confirm that prenatal TCS exposure leads to neurobehavioral disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 108849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cypermethrin triggers oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in bovine mammary glands by disruption of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and calcium homeostasis","authors":"Junhun Kweon ,&nbsp;Whasun Lim ,&nbsp;Hojun Lee ,&nbsp;Jinyoung Kim ,&nbsp;Gwonhwa Song ,&nbsp;Wooyoung Jeong ,&nbsp;Jiyeon Ham","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl]3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (cypermethrin) is a pyrethroid insecticide that is widely used to repel insects, such as cockroaches and ants. In addition to the target insects, its hazards have been outlined for carp; mice; and the nervous, reproductive, and gastrointestinal systems of humans. However, the effects of cypermethrin on the mammary tissue and milk production in dairy cattle remain unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to elucidate the impact of cypermethrin on dairy cattle using bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T), which play key roles in milk yield and quality maintenance. First, we assessed the effects of cypermethrin on cell viability, proliferation, and cell cycle progression, followed by correlated gene expression analysis. Cypermethrin-treated cells exhibited G₁ phase arrest and an increase in the sub G₁ population. The population of MAC-T cells in both early and late apoptotic phases was increased following cypermethrin exposure. Moreover, cypermethrin caused mitochondrial calcium overload and diminished the mitochondrial membrane potential in MAC-T cells. We also observed the disruption of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades and eventually, apoptotic cell death and excessive oxidative stress in cypermethrin-exposed MAC-T cells. In addition, cypermethrin affects the transcription levels related to apoptosis and inflammation, which may lead to the development of clinical morbidities, such as mastitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 108842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between menopausal age and smoking status defined using urinary cotinine or tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018","authors":"Yunjeong Park ,&nbsp;Hyemin Park ,&nbsp;Inha Lee ,&nbsp;Jae Hoon Lee ,&nbsp;SiHyun Cho ,&nbsp;Young Sik Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to establish the optimal cut-off values for urinary cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL)to determine smoking status in Korean women over 20 years of age and to assess the correlation of these biomarkers with reproductive health, particularly menopausal age, in postmenopausal women. Utilizing data from the 7th edition of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018), researchers included postmenopausal women aged 40–60 years who were within 5 years of menopause. Self-reported smoking status was aligned with biomarkers levels to calculate optimal cut-off values, classifying a total of 503 postmenopausal women into four groups: never smokers (cotinine &lt;0.738 ng/mL, NNAL &lt;1.595 pg/mL), secondhand smokers (SHSrs; cotinine 0.738–37.7 ng/mL, NNAL 1.595–12.35 pg/mL), light current smokers (cotinine 37.7–837 ng/mL, NNAL 12.35–91.55 pg/mg), and heavy current smokers (cotinine &gt;837 ng/mL, NNAL &gt;91.55 pg/mL). Differences in menopausal age were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests. The results indicated significant differences in menopausal age between never smokers and heavy smokers (51.4 ± 3.9 vs. 49.6 ± 3.0 years, p = 0.001) as well as SHSrs and heavy smokers (51.4 ± 3.3 vs. 49.6 ± 3.0 years, p = 0.001) when applying urinary cotinine cutoff values. However, no significant differences in menopausal age were observed based on NNAL cutoffs. These findings suggest urinary cotinine levels correlated more strongly with menopausal age than using urine NNAL levels for defining smoking status among postmenopausal Korean women. Heavy current smokers, as identified by urinary cotinine levels, experienced menopause at an earlier age compared to never smokers and SHSrs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 108846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic unpredictable stress exposure disrupts testicular function by modulating germ cell-junctional dynamics and Nrf2/HO-1/IKKβ/NF-κB pathway","authors":"Shubhanshu Yadav,&nbsp;Anupam Yadav,&nbsp;Raghav Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unpredictable nature of stress complicates understanding its relationship with male infertility. In this study, we investigated testicular germ cell and junctional dynamics in male mice following exposure to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Adult Parkes male mice were exposed to CUS for 35 days (one complete spermatogenic cycle), with a random stressor (restraint stress, water deprivation, food deprivation, light flashing, wet bedding, cage shaking, or cage tilting) applied once per day in an intermittent and unpredictable manner to avoid repeating the same stimulus on consecutive days. CUS exposure caused behavioral alterations in mice, as observed through the forced swim test and the tail suspension test. CUS inhibited testosterone biosynthesis by decreasing steroidogenic markers (SF-1, StAR, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD). It also resulted in altered oxido-inflammatory and apoptotic markers, including increased LPO, Caspase-3, IKKβ, and NF-κB, along with decreased Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, and catalase in the testis. CUS exposure reduced 1 C and 4 C germ cell populations and decreased germ cell ratios (1 C:2 C, 4 C:2 C, and 4 C:S-phase), impairing sperm development. CUS disrupted meiosis initiation, chromosomal synapsis, and germ cell maintenance by reducing Stra8, SYCP3, and Piwil1 expression in the testis. It also adversely affected blood-testis barrier markers, such as ZO-1 and connexin43. These changes led to altered testicular histomorphology, reduced daily sperm production, and disrupted germ cell dynamics. The findings suggest that CUS inhibits steroidogenesis and perturbs the Nrf2/HO-1/IKKβ/NF-κB oxido-inflammatory pathway. This leads to disrupted germ cell dynamics, compromised blood-testis barrier integrity, altered histomorphology, and reduced sperm production, collectively resulting in testicular dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 108845"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of potential toxic effects of nano- and microplastics on human endometrial stromal cells","authors":"Nara Kim ,&nbsp;Jae Hoon Lee ,&nbsp;Inha Lee ,&nbsp;Joo Hyun Park ,&nbsp;Gee Soo Jung ,&nbsp;Min Jung Lee ,&nbsp;Wooseok Im ,&nbsp;SiHyun Cho ,&nbsp;Young Sik Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoplastics (NPs) and microplastics (MPs) have become a global concern in recent years. Most current research on the impact of plastics on obstetrics has focused on their accumulation in specific tissues in animal models and the disease-causing potential of MPs. However, there is a relative lack of research on the cellular changes caused by the accumulation of MPs.</div><div>In this study, we aimed to establish a proper in vitro exposure protocol for polystyrene (PS)-NPs and MPs and to investigate possible cytotoxic effects of PS-NPs and MPs on human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) using different plastic sizes and concentrations. The results showed that smaller plastics, specifically 100 nm PS-NPs and 1 μm PS-MPs, had a higher cellular uptake propensity than larger particles, such as 5 μm PS-MPs, with significant morphological changes and cell death observed at concentrations above 100 μg/mL a 24-h period. In addition, confocal microscopy and real-time imaging confirmed the accumulation of these particles in the nucleus and cytoplasm, with internalization rates correlating with particle size. Also, 100 nm PS-NPs reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that exposure to 100 nm PS-NPs and 1 μm PS-MPs leads to dynamic accumulation in ESCs, resulting in cell death or decreased proliferation at specific concentrations, which highlights the potential cellular toxicity of NPs or MPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 108848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations on the effects of in vitro exposure of mouse ovaries to withaferin A, a new candidate for chemotherapy","authors":"Gaby Judith Quispe Palomino ,&nbsp;Rensson Homero Céliz Ygnacio ,&nbsp;Laritza Ferreira de Lima ,&nbsp;Alesandro Silva Ferreira ,&nbsp;João Elmo da Cunha Neto ,&nbsp;Gildas Mbemya Tetaping ,&nbsp;Francisco Denilson Rodrigues Gomes ,&nbsp;Otilia Deusdênia Loiola Pessoa ,&nbsp;Ramon da Silva Raposo ,&nbsp;Danilo Damasceno Rocha ,&nbsp;Cláudia do Ó Pessoa ,&nbsp;José Ricardo Figueiredo ,&nbsp;Naiza Arcângela Ribeiro de Sá ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Ribeiro Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate, <em>in vitro</em>, the toxicity of WTA on ovarian follicles. Initially, a cytotoxicity assay was conducted using tumor and non-tumor cell lines to determine the IC. Initially, a cytotoxicity assay was conducted using tumor and non-tumor cell lines to determine the IC₅₀ of the WTA and validate its antitumor activity. Mouse ovaries were cultured <em>in vitro</em> (IVC) for 6 days in the presence of 1 % dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), doxorubicin at 0.3 µg/mL (DXR), or WTA at 0.6 µM or 6.0 µM. DXR or WTA were added to the IVC medium once (₁DXR, ₁WTA0.6, ₁WTA6.0) or three times (₃DXR, ₃WTA0.6, ₃WTA6.0). After the IVC, the ovarian stroma, follicular morphology and development, cell proliferation, senescence, DNA damage, and apoptosis were assessed. The degeneration rate in ₃DXR and WTA6.0 (1x and 3x) was higher (p &lt; 0.05) compared to the DMSO group. ₁DXR and ₃WTA0.6 reduced (p &lt; 0.05) the percentage of primordial follicles and increased (p &lt; 0.05) the number of developing follicles compared to the control (CTR) and DMSO groups. An increase (p &lt; 0.05) in lipofuscin granules was observed with DXR and WTA at both concentrations and exposure frequencies compared to the CTR. In the presence of ₃WTA0.6, staining for cleaved caspase-3 was more pronounced (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, ₃WTA0.6, ₁WTA6.0, and ₃DXR increased (p &lt; 0.05) DNA fragmentation in the stroma compared to the CTR and DMSO groups. We conclude that, like chemotherapy agents used for cancer treatment, WTA induces severe cytotoxic effects on ovarian follicles and stroma, especially at high concentrations and exposure frequencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 108844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro bisphenol A impairs testicular energy metabolism and spermatogenesis through nuclear estrogen receptors activation in zebrafish","authors":"Hemily Batista-Silva ,&nbsp;Nicolas Elie ,&nbsp;Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva ,&nbsp;Christelle Delalande","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and the involvement of nuclear estrogen receptors (ESR) on testicular energy metabolism and spermatogenesis in zebrafish. Testes were incubated with DMSO, 10 pM or 10 μM BPA for 6 or 72 h, with some samples pre-incubated with the ESRα/β antagonist ICI 182,780. Gene and protein expressions were analyzed using real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Additionally, immunohistochemistry assessed protein expression, and testicular cell surface proportions were analyzed with Ilastik software. Results showed that 10 pM BPA (6 h) increased the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (<em>ldhba</em>), alanine aminotransferase (<em>gpt2</em>), pyruvate carboxylase, estrogen receptor β1 (<em>esr2b</em>), and P-element induced wimpy testis-like. After 72 h, outer dense fiber protein 3b expression decreased through ESRα/β, and BPA reduced spermatid and spermatozoa proportions, also mediated by ESRα/β activation. Moreover, 10 pM BPA decreased pyruvate kinase M1/2a (<em>pkma</em>) expression, whereas 10 μM BPA reduced <em>gpt2</em> and estrogen-related receptor levels, as well as increased monocarboxylate transporter 4 (<em>mct4</em>), estrogen receptor β2 (e<em>sr2b</em>) and synaptonemal complex protein 3 (<em>scp3</em>) expressions. Furthermore, the reduced relative expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase and <em>ldhba</em>, as well as increased expression of glycogen phosphorylase by 10 μM BPA were dependent on ESRα/β. Additionally, BPA affected cell numbers expressing LDH and PKM via ESRα/β and increased the immunocontent of PKMA, PCNA, and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. These results indicate that exposure of male fish to environmental concentrations of BPA impairs testicular energy metabolism and spermatogenesis in zebrafish through ESRα/β activation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 108828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143041087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of the impact of calcium channel blockers on sperm function","authors":"Emily Allard-Phillips ,&nbsp;Shruti Kolli ,&nbsp;Alice Rhoton-Vlasak ,&nbsp;Kevin Campbell","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the effects of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on sperm function, a critical aspect of male fertility. Male infertility, responsible for 30–50 % of infertility cases, often involves issues with sperm motility and capacitation, both of which are heavily influenced by calcium ions and specific ion channels like CatSper and voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs). CCBs, which are commonly prescribed for cardiovascular conditions, inhibit these calcium channels, potentially disrupting sperm function. A comprehensive literature review showed varied results: some studies demonstrated that CCBs such as nifedipine reduce sperm motility and the acrosome reaction, causing reversible infertility, while others found no significant impact on fertilization rates in IVF treatments. Supporting these findings, animal studies indicated that CCBs impair spermatogenesis and sperm function without necessarily affecting hormonal levels. The research suggests that the impact of CCBs on male fertility might be reversible, emphasizing the need for more extensive in vivo studies to further understand these effects and their clinical significance for patients on CCB therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 108841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143041089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the zebrafish embryo developmental toxicity assessment (ZEDTA) as an alternative non-mammalian approach for the safety assessment of agrochemicals","authors":"Jonathan S. Ball ,&nbsp;Anna Tochwin ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Winter ,&nbsp;Maciej Trznadel ,&nbsp;Richard Currie ,&nbsp;Kathryn Wolton ,&nbsp;Julian M. French ,&nbsp;Malcolm J. Hetheridge ,&nbsp;Charles R. Tyler","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the US Environment Protection Agency reducing requests for (and funding of) mammalian studies alongside the proposed elimination of requests by 2035, there is an urgent need for fully validated New Approach Methods (NAMs) to fill the resultant gap for safety assessment of agrochemicals. One promising NAM for assessing the potential for human prenatal developmental toxicity potential is the Zebrafish Embryo Developmental Toxicity Assessment, a bioassay that has been used by the pharmaceutical industry for more than a decade in early-stage drug safety assessment. Despite its promise, little data has been generated to assess the validity of ZEDTA for assessing Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of new agrochemical products. Addressing this knowledge gap, we tested 67 compounds (insecticides, herbicides and fungicides) spanning multiple different chemical groupings and mechanisms of action. ZEDTA assay results were compared with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) Classification and Labelling (C&amp;L) for mammalian hazard classification and with publicly available data to determine the ZEDTA’s translation power. Overall, the ZEDTA assay had an effective detection capability of 65 % for sensitivity and 64 % for specificity as compared with the ECHA-C&amp;L classification and publicly available data. Comparing the ZEDTA data there were both strengths and weaknesses in alignments for across the different chemical classes and chemical mechanisms of action. Overall, the data generated, show the performance of the ZEDTA assay was comparable with other bioassays highlighted as alternatives for mammalian assessment and holds good promise as a NAM for screening agrochemical prenatal developmental toxicity during new product human safety assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 108837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive digital documentation of teratology studies","authors":"Josef P. Magyar,&nbsp;Roxana Simon,&nbsp;Monika Petus,&nbsp;Krisztina Rigó","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the main endpoints for the evaluation of Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology (DART) studies is the determination of potential effects of a test substance on the skeleton during foetal development. In the course of a DART study according to the OECD 414 guideline, 400–500 gestational day 20-old (GD20), alizarin red and alcian blue-stained (ARAB) rat foetuses have to be assessed by a teratology expert, which is a time consuming and sub-optimally documented process. We have developed a method which allows for a standardised, comprehensive, quick and easy to perform, head-to-toe digital documentation of ARAB-stained GD20 rat foetuses. The method consists of the acquiring a video-stream or a time lapse-recording of foetuses, which for this purpose are axially rotated in a custom-made device. The obtained digital material is suitable for the complete visual inspection of stained foetal specimen from all sides in great detail, and thus can replace the conventional inspection under a binocular microscope, and might render the archiving of such specimen unnecessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21137,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive toxicology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 108838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}