{"title":"From Tar City to Smart City","authors":"Tiina Suopajärvi","doi":"10.23991/EF.V45I0.68961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23991/EF.V45I0.68961","url":null,"abstract":"In a smart city, technologies are designed to assist people in their everyday lives, like in intelligent homes, public transportation, and e-services. However, this can lead to new kind of marginalisation if people do not fit into the idea of smart citizen. In this article, I consider how the smart city ideology of Oulu in northern Finland becomes lived in the everyday practices of senior citizens; and how they sense themselves as “smart citizens.” Through generating ethnographic composition of ICT-biography and walk-along interviews, and series of workshops with seniors, city officials and researchers; and thinking this process as collaborative knowledge-making, the configuration of ageing in a smart city has emerged. In this configuration, the city is understood as an assemblage with dynamics of temporalities, structures, communities and individuals; and as part of global power-geometry. Though the seniors support the smart city ideology as regional strategy, they want to make a voluntary decision to become a smart citizen. Current smart city is made for and by technology enthusiasts, and it often excludes other citizens. To become a smart community the city must include variety of citizens in the making of their city. Many seniors are willing to take up this challenge.","PeriodicalId":211215,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130406787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heritage across Borders – Conference on Critical Heritage","authors":"M. Mäki, Helena Ruotsala","doi":"10.23991/EF.V45I0.76159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23991/EF.V45I0.76159","url":null,"abstract":"The fourth biennial conference of the Association of Critical Heritage Studies gathered over 800 participants in Hangzhou, China, last August. Earlier, the conference has been organized in Canberra in 2014, in Montreal in 2016, and in Gothenburg in 2012, where the preliminary manifesto of the Association of Critical Heritage Studies was launched. The next conference will be held in London in 2020 with a future-oriented theme. The recent and broad global rise of heritage studies and the heritage industry has been evident in many areas and countries, also crossing borders and frontiers. During the conference, the participants could choose from 520 papers presented in 84 different sessions. In addition to these, there were six keynote or public lectures. Some of the keynote lectures concentrated on special themes, such as juridical questions or cityscapes. Out of these lectures, one in particular stuck in our minds, and not least because the speaker ventured to criticize China. Professor emeritus Nelson H. Graburn spoke about how tourism uses cultural heritage in different countries, and what tourism and indigenous research means for local inhabitants or indigenous people. In his lecture “Minority Empowerment in Tourism and Heritage Research in Multicultural Nations,” Graburn painted a somewhat too positive picture of indigenous tourism in Finland and Scandinavia. He gave several examples of indigenous tourism and research in Europe, America, and Asia, and told that many minority people are doing research in heritage culture or heritage tourism in China. If it really is so, we can only ask. He also touched the question of indigenous art and tourism. According to him, there is still very much to do in the tourism industry, and especially native people bear a huge responsibility in this. His lecture was stimulating, and there was no self-censorship even though he was speaking in China. Another memorable keynote paper, “Critique a Heritage: The Cultural Significance of Dispute and its Implications for Heritage Research,” was given by professor Michael Herzfeld. According to him, those who work with heritage issues have the possibility to raise questions concerning heritage and its safeguarding from the point of view of local people. They have the power and also the responsibility not to use heritage in creating fake reality. However,","PeriodicalId":211215,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124458973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Many-Voiced Factory Community","authors":"P. Korkiakangas","doi":"10.23991/EF.V45I0.76837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23991/EF.V45I0.76837","url":null,"abstract":"Maria Vanha-Similä 2017. Yhtiöön, yhtiöön! Lapsiperheiden arki Forssan tehdasyhteisössä 1950–1970-luvuilla. [To the firm, to the firm! The everyday life of families who worked in the Forssa textile industry from the 1950s to the 1970s.] Kansatieteellinen Arkisto 58. Helsinki: The Finnish Antiquarian Society. 250 pp. Diss. ISBN 978-952-6655-05-5 (print). ISBN 978-952-6655-06-2 (electronic). ISSN 0355-1830.","PeriodicalId":211215,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122602415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Silence to Recovery","authors":"Kirsi Laurén","doi":"10.23991/EF.V45I0.66043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23991/EF.V45I0.66043","url":null,"abstract":"A paramilitary forces of Soviet partisans attacked villages and remote houses in the Finnish eastern borderlands during the Continuation War 1941–1944. They burned the houses, stole food and cattle, and killed women, children and elderly people. After the war, the actions of Soviet partisans against civilians were not discussed openly and extensively in public before the late 1990s. The long period of silence slew down or prevent the recovery from traumatic experiences. However, the villagers found their ways to remember and tell about the past events. This article discusses the personal narratives of those violent and traumatic events and the process of recovering from the consequent crisis after 70 years afterwards. The narratives are told by civilians who have had personal experiences of the actions of Soviet partisans, or who have heard about them since childhood. The research is based on an oral history approach and seek to explore how the individuals interpret the meanings of fearful and traumatic memories in their narratives, and how they think these memories have influenced them. The article points out the role of remembering and narrating in the subjective and social process of recovering from painful and traumatic experiences. ","PeriodicalId":211215,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115981209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Cos I’m a Survivor’","authors":"Kirsi-Maria Hytönen, A. Malinen","doi":"10.23991/EF.V45I0.65535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23991/EF.V45I0.65535","url":null,"abstract":"In post-war Finland thousands of children experienced poor upbringing, neglect and abuse, and had to deal with their experiences without social support from adults. In this article we study how difficult and bitter experiences related to childhood crises are remembered, reinterpreted and reframed in later life and in contemporary Finland. As research material we use both oral and written reminiscences of childhood in the post-war years collected in the period 2014–2016. We argue that in the recollections of difficult childhood coping and resilience emerge as major narrative themes. Although informants in their childhood were forced to suffer in silence, they remember themselves as being resilient and capable of surviving in adverse environments. In their late adulthood public collection of childhood memories has offered them a suitable medium to remember and reframe their experiences as meaningful, by exposing the ‘culture of silence’ which prevailed in the post-war Finland.","PeriodicalId":211215,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128458138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Useful Basic Work on Minorities and Migration","authors":"Tytti Steel","doi":"10.23991/EF.V45I0.76036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23991/EF.V45I0.76036","url":null,"abstract":"Mats Wickström & Charlotta Wolff (eds) 2016. Mångkulturalitet, migration och minoriteter i Finland under tre sekel. [Multiculturalism, migration, and minorities in Finland during three centuries.] Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland nr 803. Helsinki: Society of Swedish Literature in Finland. 360 pp. ISBN 978-951-583-342-6.","PeriodicalId":211215,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124772130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remembering and Forgetting, Discovering and Cherishing","authors":"Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto, Suzie Thomas","doi":"10.23991/EF.V45I0.60647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23991/EF.V45I0.60647","url":null,"abstract":"The events of the Second World War left considerable material remains in Finnish Lapland, ranging from the remnants of structures that were destroyed in the 1944–45 Lapland War, through to small, portable objects connected to soldiers, prisoners of war and civilians. These material remains have variously been saved and cherished by survivors and their families, disregarded as ‘war junk’, ‘discovered’ by hobbyists exploring the landscape, amassed and exchanged by private collectors, and accessioned into official museum collections. These various processes represent transformations of material culture to take on various meanings and embodiments, depending on the different individuals and organizations involved. \u0000In this article we present and analyse data collected through ethnographic fieldwork in and around the Lapland village of Vuotso: primarily interviews and observations. We have conducted interviews with history hobbyists and museum professionals who engage with the WWII history of Lapland, and observed the treatment of ‘war material culture’, for example through exhibitions (both public and hidden) and through personal meaning-making practices. These encounters have centred around the material remains of the Second World War, and the ways in which different actors perceive, value and otherwise understand those remains. While some objects are transformed through musealisation, others remain ‘officially’ unknown and unrecognized (although known – even traded and exchanged – through private channels). Furthermore it may be as important for some actors to leave material culture in situ – for example as testimony to the past conflict or trauma – as it is for others to exercise personal ownership. Within this context, we deconstruct the notion of ‘expert’ as it relates to the local and historical knowledge. Being regarded by peers and others as an expert is not necessarily the same thing as having professional authority and status, for example as a museum curator or university-affiliated scholar. \u0000We draw upon theories of relational materiality, and suggest different typologies of engagement with the material culture. Different networks of interest and expertise emerge, dependent on the actors involved (including their status – e.g. museum professional, survivor, ‘incomer’, local activist – and how their knowledge is thus accepted, challenged or rejected by others), the context of ownership, situationality and perceived levels of authenticity.","PeriodicalId":211215,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131113239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: Crises and Recoveries","authors":"Arja Turunen","doi":"10.23991/EF.V45I0.76622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23991/EF.V45I0.76622","url":null,"abstract":"the current year, 2018, has marked the 100th anniversary of the Armistice of the First World War. In Finland, we have commemorated the Finnish Civil War, which started in January 1918 and ended in May 1918. The multiplicity of events commemorating the past events as well as the flow of new studies and books studying and discussing the Civil War and Finland’s history during, after and before the years 1917 and 1918 show the need to remember and re-examine the past as well the importance of the possibility to reconstruct it with new sources and perspectives. The historical narrative of the history of Finland often focuses on the Second World War and the crisis experienced during and because of it. Also this volume of Ethnologia Fennica, under the theme “Crisis and Recoveries”, discusses the Second World War and the immediate post-war years. The three articles published under the theme, however, approach the war and crisis from new perspectives: those of personal narratives and various groups of civil society such as children who have long been excluded from standard historical memory. They also concentrate on the recovery side of crisis: they ask how individual persons and communities have recovered from the crises caused by or related to the war, and how the crisis are commemorated and reinterpreted. Additionally, the articles pay attention to the experiences of the younger generations who have no personal memories of the events but whose lives have been affected by the war and especially by the silences and tension surrounding it. In her article, Kirsi Laurén studies personal recollections and narratives of the Soviet partisan attacks in the Finnish borderlands during the war. In the post-war period, the actions of Soviet partisans in eastern Finnish villages were seen as a politically sensitive topic, and it was deemed inappropriate to speak publicly about what had occurred. Laurén’s research material consists of narratives that were told today, over 70 years after the war, by civilians who have Editorial: Crises and Recoveries Arja Turunen","PeriodicalId":211215,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134487211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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