EPRA International Journal of Environmental Economics, Commerce and Educational Management最新文献

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MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR OF SCHOOL HEADS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL OF PUBLIC SECONDARY TEACHERS IN PANABO CITY DIVISION 帕那博市教育局校长的管理行为与公立中学教师的心理资本
Dina S. Tiempo, EdD Ronaldo L. Serras
{"title":"MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR OF SCHOOL HEADS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL OF PUBLIC SECONDARY TEACHERS IN PANABO CITY DIVISION","authors":"Dina S. Tiempo, EdD Ronaldo L. Serras","doi":"10.36713/epra16750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16750","url":null,"abstract":"The study explored the relationship between management behavior of school heads and psychological capital of teachers in public secondary schools of Panabo City Division. Also, it investigated the association of the involved variables and the domains of management behavior of school heads that significantly influenced psychological capital of teachers. With the use of probability sampling, 150 secondary teachers in the public schools were selected as the respondents. Utilizing the descriptive-correlational survey method, the data collated were analyzed through the use of Mean, Product-Moment correlation and Regression Analysis. Results revealed that there was a very extensive management behavior of school heads and a very extensive psychological capital of teachers. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the management behavior of school heads and psychological capital of teachers. Moreover, all domains of management behavior of school heads were found to have significantly influenced on the psychological capital of teachers. Based on the findings, it was further suggested that higher officials in the Department of Education may identify means on how to help the school heads in strengthening their management behavior to help teachers reinforce their psychological capital. \u0000KEYWORDS: Management behavior, psychological capital, descriptive correlation, Panabo City Division, Philippines","PeriodicalId":211137,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Environmental Economics, Commerce and Educational Management","volume":" 442","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140989975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SUFFICIENCY OF INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES AND PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES OF TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION STUDENTS 教学资源的充足性与技术和生计教育学生的成绩成果
Charity T. Embodo, PhD Randy B. Alonzo
{"title":"SUFFICIENCY OF INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES AND PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES OF TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION STUDENTS","authors":"Charity T. Embodo, PhD Randy B. Alonzo","doi":"10.36713/epra16745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16745","url":null,"abstract":"In the landscape of secondary education, Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) stands as a critical component, offering students a pathway to develop skills essential for personal and collective growth, particularly in scenarios where access to higher education is limited. The study was conducted in the Division of Panabo City, involving 200 TLE teachers explored the relationship between instructional resource sufficiency and student performance outcomes. Findings revealed a moderate extent of sufficiency in instructional resources, with certain dimensions consistently evident while others showed occasional presence. Similarly, student performance outcomes were deemed satisfactory, though with variations across different dimensions. The study underscored a significant correlation between the sufficiency of instructional resources and student performance outcomes, highlighting the critical role of resource availability in shaping student achievement. Notably, all domains of instructional resources, including textbooks, laboratory equipment, technology, physical facilities, and human resources, demonstrated a significant influence on student performance. This emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions to improve resource sufficiency and ensure a conducive learning environment for students. Recommendations were put forth to address identified areas of moderate sufficiency, advocate for resource allocation, foster collaboration among stakeholders, and enhance teacher professional development.\u0000KEYWORDS: Instructional resources; performance outcomes; Division of Panabo City","PeriodicalId":211137,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Environmental Economics, Commerce and Educational Management","volume":" 374","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140989734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP OF SCHOOL HEADS AS DETERMINANT OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN PANABO CITY DIVISION 校长的战略领导力是帕那博市公立中学组织学习的决定因素
Warren C. Moquia, EdD Marciano B. Melchor
{"title":"STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP OF SCHOOL HEADS AS DETERMINANT OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN PANABO CITY DIVISION","authors":"Warren C. Moquia, EdD Marciano B. Melchor","doi":"10.36713/epra16748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16748","url":null,"abstract":"The study explored the relationship between strategic leadership of school heads and organizational learning in public secondary schools of Panabo City Division. Also, it investigated the association of the involved variables and the domains of strategic leadership of school heads that significantly influenced organizational learning. With the use of probability sampling, 150 secondary teachers in the public schools were selected as the respondents. Utilizing the descriptive-correlational survey method, the data collated were analyzed through the use of Mean, Product-Moment correlation and Regression Analysis. Results revealed that there was an extensive strategic leadership of school heads and an extensive organizational learning. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the two variables. Moreover, all domains of strategic leadership of school heads were found to have significantly influenced organizational learning. Based on the findings, it was further suggested that higher officials in the Department of Education may identify means on how to help the school heads in strengthening their strategic leadership to ensure the attainment of organizational learning. More so, future researchers may further explore the involved variables considering other factors and research methods.\u0000KEYWORDS: Strategic leadership, organizational learning, Panabo City Division, Philippines","PeriodicalId":211137,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Environmental Economics, Commerce and Educational Management","volume":"113 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PAY GRATIFICATION AND WORK ATTITUDE OF CHRISTIAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN PANABO CITY DIVISION 帕那博市基督教小学教师的薪酬满足感和工作态度
Jonathan C. Maslog, PhD Annbeth B. Calla
{"title":"PAY GRATIFICATION AND WORK ATTITUDE OF CHRISTIAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN PANABO CITY DIVISION","authors":"Jonathan C. Maslog, PhD Annbeth B. Calla","doi":"10.36713/epra16747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16747","url":null,"abstract":"The study explored the relationship of pay gratification and work attitude of teachers in private Christian elementary schools in Panabo City Division. Also, it investigated the association of the involved variables and the domains of pay gratification that significantly influence the work attitude of teachers. With the use of probability sampling, 150 elementary teachers in the private Christian schools were selected as the respondents. Utilizing the descriptive-correlational survey method, the data collated were analyzed through the use of Mean, Product-Moment correlation and Regression Analysis. Results revealed that there was a moderately extensive pay gratification and an extensive work attitude among the respondents. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the two variables. Moreover, all domains of pay satisfaction were found to have significantly influence the work attitude. Based on the findings, it was further suggested that higher officials in the Department of Education and school heads may identify means on how to help teachers to be establish positive work attitude by addressing the pay gratification of teachers. More so, future researchers may further explore the involved variables considering other factors and research methods.\u0000KEYWORDS: Pay gratification, work attitude, Panabo City Division, Philippines","PeriodicalId":211137,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Environmental Economics, Commerce and Educational Management","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140990265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SCHOOL CULTURE AND WORK VALUES OF PUBLIC SECONDARY TEACHERS IN PANABO CITY DIVISION 帕那博市公立中学教师的学校文化和工作价值观
Elben C. Enriquez, EdD Guillermo V. Dimaligalig
{"title":"SCHOOL CULTURE AND WORK VALUES OF PUBLIC SECONDARY TEACHERS IN PANABO CITY DIVISION","authors":"Elben C. Enriquez, EdD Guillermo V. Dimaligalig","doi":"10.36713/epra16746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16746","url":null,"abstract":"The study explored the relationship between school culture and work values of teachers in public secondary schools of Panabo City Division. Also, it investigated the association of the involved variables and the domains of school culture that significantly influence the work values of teachers. With the use of probability sampling, 150 secondary teachers in the public schools were selected as the respondents. Utilizing the descriptive-correlational survey method, the data collated were analyzed through the use of Mean, Product-Moment correlation and Regression Analysis. Results revealed that there was an extensive school culture and extensive work values of teachers. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the two variables. Moreover, all domains of school culture were found to have significantly influence on work values of teachers. Based on the findings, it was further suggested that higher officials in the Department of Education may identify means on how to help the school heads create a conducive school culture thereby helping teachers to develop positive work values. More so, future researchers may further explore the involved variables considering other factors and research methods.\u0000KEYWORDS: School culture, work values, Panabo City Division","PeriodicalId":211137,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Environmental Economics, Commerce and Educational Management","volume":"101 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT STYLES AND ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL HEADS IN PANABO CITY DIVISION 帕那博市公立中学校长的教育管理风格与组织健康
Harvy C. Cataylo, EdD Lawrence Edward E. Zamora
{"title":"EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT STYLES AND ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL HEADS IN PANABO CITY DIVISION","authors":"Harvy C. Cataylo, EdD Lawrence Edward E. Zamora","doi":"10.36713/epra16718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16718","url":null,"abstract":"The study explored the relationship between the educational management styles and organizational health of school heads of Panabo City Division. Also, it investigated the association of the involved variables and the domains of educational management styles of school heads that significantly influence the organizational health of school heads. With the use of probability sampling, 150 secondary teachers in the public schools were selected as the respondents. Utilizing the descriptive-correlational survey method, the data collated were analyzed through the use of Mean, Product-Moment correlation and Regression Analysis. Results revealed that there was an extensive educational management styles of school heads and an extensive organizational health of school heads. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the educational management styles and organizational health of school heads. Moreover, all domains of educational management styles of school heads were found to have significantly influence on the organizational health of school heads. Based on the findings, it was further suggested that higher officials in the Department of Education may identify means of helping the school heads in strengthening their educational management styles to ensure organizational health among them. \u0000KEYWORDS: Educational management styles, organizational health, descriptive correlation, Panabo City Division, Philippines","PeriodicalId":211137,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Environmental Economics, Commerce and Educational Management","volume":" 70","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
21ST CENTURY PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS AND ACADEMIC MOTIVATION OF TEACHERS IN ENGLISH SUBJECT 21 世纪教学技能与英语学科教师的学术动力
Marjorie D. Diamante, PhD Annbeth B. Calla
{"title":"21ST CENTURY PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS AND ACADEMIC MOTIVATION OF TEACHERS IN ENGLISH SUBJECT","authors":"Marjorie D. Diamante, PhD Annbeth B. Calla","doi":"10.36713/epra16720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16720","url":null,"abstract":"In the rapidly evolving landscape of education, the traditional teaching paradigms are being reshaped by the demands of the 21st century. This study conducted in Hagonoy 2 District, Division of Davao del Sur, aimed to explore the relationship between 21st-century pedagogical skills of teachers and learners academic motivation in English subjects. A quantitative research approach employing descriptive-correlational methods was utilized. Data were gathered from 200 English teachers through probability sampling. Statistical tools including mean, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis were employed for data analysis. Findings revealed that the extent of 21st-century pedagogical skills among teachers was very extensive, encompassing critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity and innovation. Similarly, learners academic motivation was found to be extensive, with both intrinsic and extrinsic factors playing significant roles. Importantly, a significant relationship was identified between teachers pedagogical skills and learners academic motivation. The study concluded that effective pedagogy, which goes beyond content delivery, involves understanding students needs and creating engaging learning environments. Recommendations included crafting effective policies to enhance pedagogical skills, providing professional development opportunities for teachers, and fostering continuous monitoring of learners academic motivation. Future research avenues were also suggested to further explore the dynamics between pedagogical skills and academic motivation.\u0000KEYWORDS: 21st century pedagogical skills, academic motivation, Hagonoy 2 District, Division of Davao del Sur, Philippines","PeriodicalId":211137,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Environmental Economics, Commerce and Educational Management","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SERVICE MOTIVATION OF SCHOOL HEADS AND SENSE OF BELONGINGNESS OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN PANABO CITY DIVISION 帕那博市公立中学校长的服务动机和归属感
Elpidio M Deliňa, PhD Annbeth B. Calla
{"title":"SERVICE MOTIVATION OF SCHOOL HEADS AND SENSE OF BELONGINGNESS OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN PANABO CITY DIVISION","authors":"Elpidio M Deliňa, PhD Annbeth B. Calla","doi":"10.36713/epra16719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16719","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the relationship of service motivation and sense of belongingness in schools. This claim needs to be validated. However, this had never been explored specifically in the local setting. With this, the study determined the extent of service motivation of school heads and the sense of belongingness in schools of public secondary teachers in Panabo City Division. Also, it investigated the association of the involved variables and the domains of service motivation of school heads that significantly influenced sense of belongingness in schools. With the use of probability sampling, 150 secondary teachers in the public schools were selected as the respondents. Utilizing the descriptive-correlational survey method, the data collated were analyzed through the use of Mean, Product-Moment correlation and Regression Analysis. Results revealed that there was an extensive service motivation of school heads and an extensive sense of belongingness in schools. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the two variables. Moreover, all domains of service motivation of school heads were found to have significantly influenced the sense of belongingness in schools. Based on the findings, it was further suggested that higher officials in the Department of Education and school heads may identify means on how to help the school heads to be dedicated in public service to ensure sense of belongingness in the school. \u0000KEYWORDS: Service motivation, sense of belongingness in schools, Panabo City Division, Philippines","PeriodicalId":211137,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Environmental Economics, Commerce and Educational Management","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ASCENDANCY PRACTICES OF SCHOOL HEADS ON BRIGADA ESKWELA ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF PANABO CITY DIVISION 帕纳博市分区公立中学校长在 Brigada eskwela 成绩方面的提升做法
Genneth R. Ansano, Marciano B. Melchor
{"title":"ASCENDANCY PRACTICES OF SCHOOL HEADS ON BRIGADA ESKWELA ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF PANABO CITY DIVISION","authors":"Genneth R. Ansano, Marciano B. Melchor","doi":"10.36713/epra16717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16717","url":null,"abstract":"The study explored the relationship of ascendancy practices of school heads and the Brigada Eskwela accomplishments \u0000in the public secondary schools of Panabo City Division. Also, it investigated the association of the involved variables \u0000and the domains of ascendancy practices of school heads that significantly influence the Brigada Eskwela \u0000accomplishments. With the use of probability sampling, 150 secondary teachers in the public schools were selected as \u0000the respondents. Utilizing the descriptive-correlational survey method, the data collated were analyzed through the \u0000use of Mean, Product-Moment correlation and Regression Analysis. Results revealed that there was an extensive \u0000ascendancy practices of school heads and an extensive Brigada Eskwela accomplishments as perceived by the \u0000respondents. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the two variables. Moreover, all domains of \u0000ascendancy practices of school heads were found to have significantly influence the Brigada Eskwela accomplishments. \u0000Based on the findings, it was further suggested that higher officials in the Department of Education may identify \u0000means on how to help school heads strengthen their ascendancy practices in order to successfully accomplished all the \u0000stages of Brigada Eskwela implementation.\u0000KEYWORDS: Ascendancy practices, brigada eskwela accomplishments, descriptive correlation, Panabo City \u0000Division, Philippines","PeriodicalId":211137,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Environmental Economics, Commerce and Educational Management","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MANAGEMENT STYLES OF SCHOOL HEADS AND INSTRUCTIONAL COMPETENCE OF PUBLIC SECONDARY TEACHERS IN PANABO CITY DIVISION 帕那博市分区校长的管理方式与公立中学教师的教学能力
Elvin A. Anajao, EdD Ronaldo L. Serras
{"title":"MANAGEMENT STYLES OF SCHOOL HEADS AND INSTRUCTIONAL COMPETENCE OF PUBLIC SECONDARY TEACHERS IN PANABO CITY DIVISION","authors":"Elvin A. Anajao, EdD Ronaldo L. Serras","doi":"10.36713/epra16716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16716","url":null,"abstract":"The study uncovered the relationship between management style of school heads and instructional competence of teachers in public secondary schools of Panabo City Division. Also, it investigated the association of the involved variables and the domains of management styles of school heads that significantly influence the instructional competence of teachers. With the use of probability sampling, 150 secondary teachers in the public schools were selected as the respondents. Utilizing the descriptive-correlational survey method, the data collated were analyzed through the use of Weighted Mean, Product-Moment correlation and Regression Analysis. Results revealed that there was extensive management styles of school heads and a very extensive instructional competence of teachers. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the management style of school heads and instructional competence of teachers. Moreover, all domains of management styles of school heads were found to have significantly influenced the instructional competence of teachers. Based on the findings, it was further suggested that higher officials in the Department of Education may help the school heads in empowering themselves of their management styles to ensure an excellent instructional competence among teachers. \u0000KEYWORDS: Management styles, instructional competence, Panabo City Division, Philippines","PeriodicalId":211137,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Environmental Economics, Commerce and Educational Management","volume":"30 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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