Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Special features on insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and vascular complications in hypopituitary patients.","authors":"Heraldo M Garmes","doi":"10.1007/s11154-023-09872-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-023-09872-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pituitary hormone deficiency, hypopituitarism, is a dysfunction resulting from numerous etiologies, which can be complete or partial, and is therefore heterogeneous. This heterogeneity makes it difficult to interpret the results of scientific studies with these patients.Adequate treatment of etiologies and up-to-date hormone replacement have improved morbidity and mortality rates in patients with hypopituitarism. As GH replacement is not performed in a reasonable proportion of patients, especially in some countries, it is essential to understand the known consequences of GH replacement in each subgroup of patients with this heterogeneous dysfunction.In this review on hypopituitarism, we will address some particularities regarding insulin resistance, which is no longer common in these patients with hormone replacement therapy based on current guidelines, metabolic syndrome and its relationship with changes in BMI and body composition, and to vascular complications that need to be prevented taking into account the individual characteristics of each case to reduce mortality rates in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"489-504"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139547194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morbidities and mortality among hospitalized patients with hypopituitarism: Prevalence, causes and management.","authors":"Fahim Ebrahimi, Lukas Andereggen, Emanuel R Christ","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09888-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-024-09888-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypopituitarism is a highly heterogeneous multisystem disorder that can have a major impact on long-term morbidity and mortality, but even more so during acute medical conditions requiring hospitalization. Recent studies suggest a significant in-hospital burden with prolonged length of stay, increased rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and initiation of mechanical ventilation - all of which may lead to an increased risk of in-hospital mortality. On the one hand, patients with hypopituitarism are often burdened by metabolic complications, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, which alone, or in combination, are known to significantly alter relevant physiological mechanisms, including metabolism, innate and adaptive immune responses, coagulation, and wound healing, thereby contributing to adverse in-hospital outcomes. On the other hand, depending on the extent and the number of pituitary hormone deficiencies, early recognition of hormone deficiencies and appropriate management and replacement strategy within a well-organized multidisciplinary team are even stronger determinants of short-term outcomes during acute hospitalization in this vulnerable patient population. This review aims to provide an up-to-date summary of recent advances in pathophysiologic understanding, clinical implications, and recommendations for optimized multidisciplinary management of hospitalized patients with hypopituitarism.</p>","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"599-608"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11162375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical central hypothyroidism in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease: does it exist?","authors":"Julio Abucham, Manoel Martins","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09876-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-024-09876-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central hypothyroidism (CH) is characterized by decreased thyroid hormone production due to insufficient stimulation of an otherwise normal thyroid gland by TSH. In patients with established hypothalamic-pituitary disease, a low FT4 concentration is considered highly specific, although poorly sensitive, for the diagnosis of CH. That would be comparable to diagnosing primary hypothyroidism in patients at risk only when serum FT4 concentrations are below the reference range, missing all patients with subclinical primary hypothyroidism and preventing proper therapy in patients in which thyroxine replacement is clearly beneficial. Cardiac time intervals, especially the isovolumic contraction time (ICT), have been considered the gold standard of peripheral thyroid hormone action. Using Doppler echocardiography, we have previously shown a very high proportion of prolonged ICT in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease and serum FT4 levels indistinguishable from controls. As ICT decreased/normalized after thyroxine-induced increases in FT4 concentrations within the normal reference range, prolonged ICT was considered a bona fide diagnostic biomarker of subclinical CH. Those findings challenge the usual interpretation that FT4 concentrations in the mid-reference range exclude hypothyroidism in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease. Rather, subclinical central hypothyroidism, a state analogous to subclinical primary hypothyroidism, seems to be frequent in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease and normal FT4 levels. They also challenge the notion that thyroid function is usually the least or the last affected in acquired hypopituitarism. The relevance of Doppler echocardiography to correctly diagnose and monitor replacement therapy in both clinical and subclinical forms of CH should improve quality of life and decrease cardiovascular risk, as already demonstrated in patients with clinical and subclinical primary hypothyroidism.</p>","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"609-618"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognition and psychological wellbeing in hypopituitary patients.","authors":"Syed Ali Imran, Michael Wilkinson","doi":"10.1007/s11154-023-09869-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-023-09869-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypopituitarism (HP) frequently occurs in patients presenting with sellar masses and despite recent advances in therapeutic options, HP patients consistently suffer from impaired quality of life due to psychological distress and cognitive dysfunction. These neurocognitive complications tend to persist in spite of surgical or biochemical remission of the disease making it especially challenging to segregate the effect of HP per se from other comorbidities such as the effect of tumour, surgery, radiation therapy, or complications caused by excess hormone production. Regardless, there is ample evidence to suggest that receptors for various pituitary hormones are abundantly expressed in key areas of central nervous system that are associated with memory and behaviour function and HP is also associated with poor sleep which can further exacerbate neurocognitive dysfunction. There is also evidence that hormonal replacement in HP patients partially restores these neurocognitive functions and improves sleep disorders. However, there is a need for creating better awareness among healthcare providers interacting with HP patients to enhance an earlier recognition of these disorder and their impact on quality of life despite initial remission. Importantly, there is a need to not only develop better and more cost-effective replacement therapies that would closely mimic the physiological hormonal release patterns, but also develop coping strategies for HP patients suffering from these complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"505-512"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139037954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosing and treating the elderly individual with hypopituitarism.","authors":"Andrea Corsello, Rosa Maria Paragliola, Roberto Salvatori","doi":"10.1007/s11154-023-09870-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-023-09870-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypopituitarism in the elderly is an underestimated condition mainly due to the non-specific presentation that can be attributed to the effects of aging and the presence of comorbidities. Diagnosis and treatment of hypopituitarism often represent a challenging task and this is even more significant in the elderly. Diagnosis can be insidious due to the physiological changes occurring with aging that complicate the interpretation of hormonal investigations, and the need to avoid some provocative tests that carry higher risks of side effects in this population. Treatment of hypopituitarism has generally the goal to replace the hormonal deficiencies to restore a physiological balance as close as possible to that of healthy individuals but in the elderly this must be balanced with the risks of over-replacement and worsening of comorbidities. Moreover, the benefit of some hormonal replacement therapies in the elderly, including sex hormones and growth hormone, remains controversial.</p>","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"575-597"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between low prolactin and type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Gie Ken-Dror, David Fluck, Michael E J Lean, Felipe F Casanueva, Thang Sieu Han","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09886-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-024-09886-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolactin (PRL) is secreted throughout life in men and women. At elevated levels, its physiological role in pregnancy and lactation, and pathological effects, are well known. However clinical implications of low circulating PRL are not well established. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the relationship between low PRL levels and type 2 diabetes. Five papers included cross-sectional studies comprising 8,720 men (mean age range 51.4-60 years) and 3,429 women (49.5-61.6 years), and four papers included cohort studies comprising 2,948 men (52.1-60.0 years) and 3,203 women (49.2-60.1 years). Individuals with pregnancy, lactation and hyperprolactinemia, drugs known to alter circulating PRL levels, or pituitary diseases had been excluded. Although most studies used quartiles to categorize PRL groups for analysis, PRL cut-off values (all measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay) were variably defined between studies: the lowest PRL quartiles ranged from 3.6 ng/ml to 7.2 ng/ml in men and between 4.5 ng/ml to 8 ng/ml in women; and the highest PRL quartiles ranged from 6.9 ng/ml to 13 ng/ml in men and 9.6 ng/ml to 15.8 ng/ml in women. Type 2 diabetes was defined variably using self-reported physician's diagnosis, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test or glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1C). In cross-sectional studies, compared to individuals in the highest PRL groups (reference), those in the lowest PRL groups had greater risk of type 2 diabetes both in men: odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval = 1.86 (1.56-2.22) and in women: OR = 2.15 (1.63-2.85). In cohort studies, women showed a significant association between low PRL and type 2 diabetes: OR = 1.52 (1.02-2.28) but not men: OR = 1.44 (0.46-4.57). Relatively low heterogeneity was observed (I² = 25-38.4%) for cross-sectional studies, but higher for cohort studies (I² = 52.8-79.7%). In conclusion, low PRL is associated with type 2 diabetes, but discrepancy between men and women in the relationship within cohort studies requires further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Potential therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis via CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing.","authors":"Rexhina Vlashi, Xingen Zhang, Haibo Li, Guiqian Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11154-023-09867-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-023-09867-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"451-452"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138885987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian alignment of food intake and glycaemic control by time-restricted eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Susana Rovira-Llopis, Clara Luna-Marco, Laura Perea-Galera, Celia Bañuls, Carlos Morillas, Victor M Victor","doi":"10.1007/s11154-023-09853-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-023-09853-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Daily rhythms of metabolic function are supported by molecular circadian clock systems that are strongly regulated by feeding and fasting. Intermittent fasting diets have been associated with weight loss and improved metabolism. However, the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) on glycemic parameters are still under debate. In this review, we aim to systematically analyze the effects of TRE on glycemic parameters. We searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for controlled studies in which subjects followed TRE for at least 4 weeks. 20 studies were included in the qualitative systematic review, and 18 studies (n = 1169 subjects) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, TRE had no significant effect on fasting glucose (Hedges's g = -0.08; 95% CI:-0.31,0.16; p = 0.52), but it did reduce HbA1c levels (Hedges's g = -0.27; 95% CI: -0.47, -0.06; p = 0.01). TRE significantly reduced fasting insulin (Hedges's g = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.73,-0.08; p = 0.01) and showed a tendency to decrease HOMA-IR (Hedges's g = -0.32; 95% CI:-0.66,0.02; p = 0.06). Interestingly, a cumulative analysis showed that the beneficial effects of TRE regarding glucose levels were less apparent as studies with later TRE windows (lTRE) were being included. Indeed, a subgroup analysis of the early TRE (eTRE) studies revealed that fasting glucose was significantly reduced by eTRE (Hedges's g = -0.38; 95% CI:-0.62, -0.14; p < 0.01). Our meta-analysis suggests that TRE can reduce HbA1c and insulin levels, and that timing of food intake is a crucial factor in the metabolic benefit of TRE, as only eTRE is capable of reducing fasting glucose levels in subjects with overweight or obesity.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023405946.</p>","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"325-337"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10943166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138295824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of bariatric surgery on the expression of gastrointestinal taste receptors: A systematic review.","authors":"Rosalind Walmsley, Lynn Chong, Michael W Hii, Robyn M Brown, Priya Sumithran","doi":"10.1007/s11154-023-09865-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-023-09865-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal nutrient sensing via taste receptors may contribute to weight loss, metabolic improvements, and a reduced preference for sweet and fatty foods following bariatric surgery. This review aimed to investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on the expression of oral and post-oral gastrointestinal taste receptors and associations between taste receptor alterations and clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery. A systematic review was conducted to capture data from both human and animal studies on changes in the expression of taste receptors in oral or post-oral gastrointestinal tissue following any type of bariatric surgery. Databases searched included Medline, Embase, Emcare, APA PsychInfo, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Two human and 21 animal studies were included. Bariatric surgery alters the quantity of many sweet, umami, and fatty acid taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. Changes to the expression of sweet and amino acid receptors occur most often in intestinal segments surgically repositioned more proximally, such as the alimentary limb after gastric bypass. Conversely, changes to fatty acid receptors were observed more frequently in the colon than in the small intestine. Significant heterogeneity in the methodology of included studies limited conclusions regarding the direction of change in taste receptor expression induced by bariatric surgeries. Few studies have investigated associations between taste receptor expression and clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery. As such, future studies should look to investigate the relationship between bariatric surgery-induced changes to gut taste receptor expression and function and the impact of surgery on taste preferences, food palatability, and eating behaviour.Registration code in PROSPERO: CRD42022313992.</p>","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"421-446"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10942945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139417963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis via CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing.","authors":"Rexhina Vlashi, Xingen Zhang, Haibo Li, Guiqian Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11154-023-09860-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-023-09860-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is an incapacitating and one of the most common physically degenerative conditions with an assorted etiology and a highly complicated molecular mechanism that to date lacks an efficient treatment. The capacity to design biological networks and accurately modify existing genomic sites holds an apt potential for applications across medical and biotechnological sciences. One of these highly specific genomes editing technologies is the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism, referred to as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, which is a defense mechanism constituted by CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) directed by small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) that bind to target DNA through Watson-Crick base pairing rules where subsequent repair of the target DNA is initiated. Up-to-date research has established the effectiveness of the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism in targeting the genetic and epigenetic alterations in OA by suppressing or deleting gene expressions and eventually distributing distinctive anti-arthritic properties in both in vitro and in vivo osteoarthritic models. This review aims to epitomize the role of this high-throughput and multiplexed gene editing method as an analogous therapeutic strategy that could greatly facilitate the clinical development of OA-related treatments since it's reportedly an easy, minimally invasive technique, and a comparatively less painful method for osteoarthritic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"339-367"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}