Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders最新文献_第6页

Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone deficiency in mice beyond growth. 生长激素释放激素缺乏对小鼠生长的影响。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09936-3

Lucia Recinella, Maria Loreta Libero, Luigi Brunetti, Alessandra Acquaviva, Annalisa Chiavaroli, Giustino Orlando, Riccarda Granata, Roberto Salvatori, Sheila Leone

引用次数: 0

The history of an effective, specific and sensitive diagnostic test: the GHRH test in clinical practice. 一种有效、特异和敏感的诊断测试的历史：临床实践中的 GHRH 测试。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09938-1

Marina Caputo, Stella Pigni, Chiara Mele, Rosa Pitino, Paolo Marzullo, Flavia Prodam, Gianluca Aimaretti

{"title":"The history of an effective, specific and sensitive diagnostic test: the GHRH test in clinical practice.","authors":"Marina Caputo, Stella Pigni, Chiara Mele, Rosa Pitino, Paolo Marzullo, Flavia Prodam, Gianluca Aimaretti","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09938-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-024-09938-1","url":null,"abstract":"Growth hormone (GH) secretion is pulsatile, entropic, and nycthemeral and is mainly controlled by the hypothalamus through two neurohormones, the stimulating growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and the inhibiting somatostatin. Shortly after its discovery and synthesis, GHRH was intensely investigated diagnostically to define GH secretion. The nascent enthusiasm for using GHRH as a single diagnostic tool to investigate GH deficiency (GHD) dropped down quickly due to a flawed reproducibility. The subsequent combinatory use of molecules implicated in GH secretion through inhibition of the somatostatinergic tone, such as arginine (ARG), or the synthesis of receptor-orphan pharmaceutical compounds capable of stimulating pituitary somatotrophs to release GH, such as the GH secretagogues (GHSs), improved the reproducibility of GH response to GHRH alone, thus gaining access into the clinical practice by means of different diagnostic approaches. This review will focus on the history of the GHRH test, with main emphasis on GHRH plus ARG as a dynamic testing for the diagnosis of GHD. Our attention will extend crosswise from studies aimed at validating GHRH-based tests for the clinical practice, to address main pitfall conditions capable of affecting per se GH secretion, such as obesity, hypothalamic damage, and ageing. The history of GHRH test has been progressively dismantled due to the cease of its production for business reasons, opening a gap in the diagnostic workup of patients with GHD. In the urgency to seek further robust, safe, and validated diagnostic tests or tools, we hope to stimulate attention on a so important peptide for the health of our patients suffering from pituitary diseases.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"353-369"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel approach for the treatment of AML, through GHRH antagonism: MIA-602. 通过 GHRH 拮抗剂治疗急性髓细胞白血病的新方法：MIA-602。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09917-6

Joel Costoya, Simonetta I Gaumond, Ravinder S Chale, Andrew V Schally, Joaquin J Jimenez

{"title":"A novel approach for the treatment of AML, through GHRH antagonism: MIA-602.","authors":"Joel Costoya, Simonetta I Gaumond, Ravinder S Chale, Andrew V Schally, Joaquin J Jimenez","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09917-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-024-09917-6","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most aggressive and prevalent form of leukemia in adults. The gold-standard intervention revolves around the use of chemotherapy, and in some cases hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Drug resistance is a frequent complication resulting from treatment, as it stands there are limited clinical measures available for refractory AML besides palliative care. The goal of this review is to renew interest in a novel targeted hormone therapy in the treatment of AML utilizing growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonism, given it may provide a potential solution for current barriers to achieving complete remission post-therapy. Recapitulating pre-clinical evidence, GHRH antagonists (GHRH-Ant) have significant anti-cancer activity across experimental human AML cell lines in vitro and in vivo and demonstrate significant inhibition of cancer in drug resistant analogs of leukemic cell lines as well. GHRH-Ant act in manners that are orthogonal to anthracyclines and when administered in combination synergize to produce a more potent anti-neoplastic effect. Considering the adversities associated with standard AML therapies and the developing issue of drug resistance, MIA-602 represents a novel approach worth further investigation.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"483-491"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth hormone - releasing hormone in the immune system. 生长激素--免疫系统中的释放激素。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09913-w

Agnieszka Siejka, Hanna Lawnicka, Saikat Fakir, Nektarios Barabutis

引用次数: 0

GHRH in diabetes and metabolism. 糖尿病和新陈代谢中的 GHRH。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09930-9

Charlotte Steenblock, Stefan R Bornstein

{"title":"GHRH in diabetes and metabolism.","authors":"Charlotte Steenblock, Stefan R Bornstein","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09930-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-024-09930-9","url":null,"abstract":"Despite over a century of insulin therapy and recent advances in glucose monitoring, diabetes and its complications remain a significant burden. Current medications are not durable, with symptoms often returning after treatment ends, and responses vary between patients. Additionally, the effectiveness of many medications diminishes over time, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. Maintaining β-cell mass and promoting β-cell regeneration offer more curable treatments, while cell replacement therapies could be an option if regeneration is not feasible. For both strategies, enhancing β-cell survival is crucial. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) was originally discovered for its ability to stimulate the production and release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary. Beyond the hypothalamus, GHRH is produced in peripheral tissues, with its receptor, GHRHR, expressed in tissues such as the pituitary, pancreas, adipose tissue, intestine, and liver. Several studies have shown that GHRH and its analogs enhance the survival of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells both in vitro and in animal models. These beneficial effects strongly support the potential of GHRH agonists and antagonists for the clinical treatment of human metabolic diseases or for enhancing β-cell survival in cells used for transplantation. In the current review, we will discuss the roles of hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic GHRH in metabolism in physiological and pathological contexts, along with the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we will discuss the potential beneficial effects of GHRH analogs for the treatment of metabolic diseases.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"413-426"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

GHRH and reproductive systems: Mechanisms, functions, and clinical implications. GHRH和生殖系统：机制、功能和临床意义。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09931-8

Jesús M Pérez-Gómez, Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo, Raúl M Luque

{"title":"GHRH and reproductive systems: Mechanisms, functions, and clinical implications.","authors":"Jesús M Pérez-Gómez, Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo, Raúl M Luque","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09931-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-024-09931-8","url":null,"abstract":"Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) has classically been considered a regulatory neuropeptide of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, which mediates its anabolic effects through hepatic GH/IGF-I axis. However, during the last decades it has been demonstrated that this key regulatory hormone may be produced in numerous peripheral tissues outside the central nervous system, participating in fundamental physiological functions through a complex balance between its purely endocrine action, and the recently local (autocrine/paracrine) discovered role. Among peripheral sites, its presence in the male and female reproductive systems stands out. In this review, we will first explore the role of the GHRH/GHRH-R hormone axis as a central player in the gonadal function; then, we will discuss available information regarding the presence of GHRH/GHRH-R and the potential physiological roles in reproductive systems of various species; and finally, we will address how reproductive system-related disorders-such as infertility problems, endometriosis, or tumor pathologies (including prostate, or ovarian cancer)-could benefit from hormonal interventions related to the manipulation of the GHRH axis.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"507-524"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth hormone-releasing hormone signaling and manifestations within the cardiovascular system. 生长激素释放激素信号及其在心血管系统中的表现。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09939-0

Raul A Dulce, Konstantinos E Hatzistergos, Rosemeire M Kanashiro-Takeuchi, Lauro M Takeuchi, Wayne Balkan, Joshua M Hare

{"title":"Growth hormone-releasing hormone signaling and manifestations within the cardiovascular system.","authors":"Raul A Dulce, Konstantinos E Hatzistergos, Rosemeire M Kanashiro-Takeuchi, Lauro M Takeuchi, Wayne Balkan, Joshua M Hare","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09939-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-024-09939-0","url":null,"abstract":"Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH), a hypothalamic peptide initially characterized for its role in GH regulation, has gained increasing attention due to its GH-independent action on peripheral physiology, including that of the cardiovascular system. While its effects on the peripheral vasculature are still under investigation, GHRH and synthetic agonists have exhibited remarkable receptor-mediated cardioprotective properties in preclinical models. GHRH and its analogs enhance myocardial function by improving contractility, reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and offsetting pathological remodeling. Studies performed in small and large animal models have demonstrated the efficacy of these compounds in diverse cardiomyopathies, suggesting their potential as promising therapeutic agents. However, the clinical translation of GHRH synthetic analogs still faces challenges related to the route of administration and potential side effects mainly associated with activation of the GH/IGF-I axis. Despite these hurdles, the compelling evidence supporting their role in cardiac repair makes GHRH analogs attractive candidates for clinical testing in the treatment of various cardiac diseases.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"397-412"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Update on regulation of GHRH and its actions on GH secretion in health and disease. GHRH调控及其在健康和疾病中对GH分泌的作用的最新进展。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-025-09943-y

Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo, Mercedes Del Rio-Moreno, Jesús M Pérez-Gómez, Raúl M Luque, Rhonda D Kineman

引用次数: 0

Mention to Prof. Andrew V. Schally. 向Andrew V. Schally教授提一下。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-025-09956-7

Riccarda Granata

引用次数: 0

Hypothalamic GHRH. 下丘脑GHRH。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-025-09951-y

Carlos Dieguez, Miguel López, Felipe Casanueva

{"title":"Hypothalamic GHRH.","authors":"Carlos Dieguez, Miguel López, Felipe Casanueva","doi":"10.1007/s11154-025-09951-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-025-09951-y","url":null,"abstract":"Despite initial discovery in pancreatic tumors, GHRH is a 44-amino acid peptide primarily expressed in the hypothalamus. Recent RNA sequencing clarifies GHRH expression: predominantly hypothalamic in humans, with some basal ganglia presence, while extending to additional central nervous system (CNS) regions in other species. GHRH binds to its G-protein coupled receptor (GHRHR) in the arcuate (ARC), ventromedial (VMH), and periventricular (PeN) nuclei of the hypothalamus to exert its effects. Notably, the highest non-brain expression is found in somatotroph cells of the pituitary, directly targeting growth hormone (GH) production. GHRH is the primary regulator of pulsatile GH secretion, counteracted by somatostatin. While early models proposed alternating GHRH/somatostatin bursts, others implicate somatostatin as the primary regulator of GH pulse timing. These models fail to fully explain species and gender differences, particularly regarding nutritional status. The discovery of ghrelin, acting via GHS-R1a on GHRH neurons, significantly advanced understanding of GH regulation. Ghrelin interacts intricately with GHRH, modulating its expression and neuronal activity. Ghrelin also exerts GHRH-independent GH stimulation and synergizes with GHRH. The crucial role of GHRH in GH regulation is demonstrated by its key involvement in the action of other GH regulators, such as leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and orexins. However, these interactions have also revealed that the physiological effects of GHRH extend far beyond its canonical role as a GH secretagogue. In this context, GHRH is thought to be a key regulator of the sleep-wake cycle and may be involved in whole-body energy homeostasis. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on GHRH and to discuss the potential pleiotropic effect of this hypothalamic neuropeptide, far beyond its classical action as regulator of the somatotroph axis.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"297-303"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0