Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders最新文献_第5页

Sexual dimorphism in the development and function of the melanocortin system. 黑素皮质素系统发育和功能中的两性二态性。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-025-09983-4

Marc Claret, Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism in the development and function of the melanocortin system.","authors":"Marc Claret, Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli","doi":"10.1007/s11154-025-09983-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-025-09983-4","url":null,"abstract":"The melanocortin system is fundamental for the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis. This system consists of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH), as well as downstream neurons expressing melanocortin receptors (MCRs) located in various brain regions. Emerging evidence highlights significant anatomical and functional sex differences within the melanocortin system, influencing sex-dimorphic metabolic adaptations, the regulation of appetite and energy expenditure and susceptibility to metabolic conditions. These differences are primarily shaped by sex hormones, genetic and environmental factors as well as distinct neurocircuitry organization between males and females. These sex-specific regulatory mechanisms have important implications for the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and eating disorders. In this review, we explore current knowledge on sex differences in the development and function of the melanocortin system and how this is translated into sex-dimorphic control of metabolism. This emphasizes the need to incorporate sex as a critical variable in both metabolic research and clinical studies. Understanding these mechanisms may provide more precise and effective therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders, obesity, and appetite dysregulation in both sexes.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between continuous glucose monitoring metrics and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients: a systematic review. 糖尿病患者连续血糖监测指标与心血管自主神经病变之间的关系：一项系统综述。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-025-09981-6

Yifan Jia, Dan Long, Wei Song, Qiong Wang, Qian Zhang

{"title":"Association between continuous glucose monitoring metrics and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients: a systematic review.","authors":"Yifan Jia, Dan Long, Wei Song, Qiong Wang, Qian Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11154-025-09981-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-025-09981-6","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a serious and prevalent complication of diabetes, linked to significant morbidity and mortality. Continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGM) provide a comprehensive and continuous glucose profile, enabling precise assessment of glycemic variability, hypoglycemia, and other key glucose metrics. Despite the increasing use of CGM, the relationship between CGM-derived metrics and CAN risk has yet to be rigorously evaluated. A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, and Embase was conducted up to 30 September 2024. Eligible observational studies assessed the association between CGM metrics and CAN in diabetic adults, using ORs with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was evaluated via Cochrane's Q and I2 statistics, and meta-analysis was performed when at least three studies provided comparable CGM metrics and outcomes. Sixteen studies involving 1,814 participants were included in the systematic review. Among these, four studies each for coefficients of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD), and five studies for mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) provided data suitable for meta-analysis. Higher CV (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.04-1.12) and SD (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.06) were significantly associated with increased CAN risk, whereas MAGE was not significantly associated (OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.99-1.03). Other metrics such as time in range (TIR), time above/below range (TAR/TBR), and low blood glucose index (LBGI) showed inconsistent results across studies and were synthesized narratively. Higher glycemic variability, notably CV and SD, is linked to increased CAN risk in patients with diabetes. Monitoring CGM metrics may aid early detection and management of CAN. Further high-quality longitudinal studies are warranted.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurovascular plasticity as a modulator of hypothalamic function. 神经血管可塑性对下丘脑功能的调节作用。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-025-09982-5

Bandy Chen, Jessica Furtado, Marc Schneeberger

{"title":"Neurovascular plasticity as a modulator of hypothalamic function.","authors":"Bandy Chen, Jessica Furtado, Marc Schneeberger","doi":"10.1007/s11154-025-09982-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-025-09982-5","url":null,"abstract":"The hypothalamus, located at the most ventral part of the brain, is the central regulator of homeostatic processes such as energy balance, autonomic functions, and reproductive regulation via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The hypothalamus is organized into multiple nuclei with overlapping and distinct roles to coordinate these diverse functions. While traditional research has focused on the neuronal regulation of homeostasis, recent technological advances have broadened our understanding to include the critical roles of non-neuronal cells, particularly glial and vascular components. This review highlights emerging mechanisms by which the hypothalamic vasculature maintains brain-body homeostasis through dynamic plasticity and neurovascular signaling. We explore how metabolic cues such as nutrient flux, hormone levels, and inflammation drive vascular remodeling via coordinated actions of cells in the neuro-glial-vascular unit, including tanycytes, pericytes, and astrocytes. Understanding this intricate cellular crosstalk offers new insights into the regulation of homeostasis and reveals potential therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring obesity phenotypes: a longitudinal perspective. 探索肥胖表型：纵向视角。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-025-09976-3

Ricardo Rosero-Revelo, Mateo Tamayo, Ricardo Correa, Kevin M Pantalone, David Creel, Bartolome Burguera, Marcio L Griebeler

{"title":"Exploring obesity phenotypes: a longitudinal perspective.","authors":"Ricardo Rosero-Revelo, Mateo Tamayo, Ricardo Correa, Kevin M Pantalone, David Creel, Bartolome Burguera, Marcio L Griebeler","doi":"10.1007/s11154-025-09976-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-025-09976-3","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional reliance on Body Mass Index (BMI) as a diagnostic tool for obesity is increasingly challenged due to its inability to differentiate between fat and lean mass and to capture fat distribution. Emerging evidence-including findings from our longitudinal study in Latino patients with obesity and insights from the 2025 Lancet Commission on Obesity-suggests that a comprehensive evaluation of body composition is essential for accurate risk stratification. This review synthesizes historical perspectives and recent developments in obesity phenotyping, detailing how the field has evolved from simple BMI-based assessments to multifaceted approaches incorporating bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and supplementary anthropometric measures such as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio. We also examine the metabolic, genetic, and hormonal mechanisms underlying phenotypic variability, which help explain why individuals with similar BMIs may exhibit markedly different health risks. By integrating our original data with an extensive review of current literature, we demonstrate that refined obesity phenotyping can serve as an early indicator of progression from preclinical to clinical obesity. Such nuanced classifications offer the potential for more personalized therapeutic interventions aimed at optimizing weight loss outcomes and reducing cardiometabolic risk. Overall, our findings advocate for a multidimensional approach to obesity assessment that promises to improve clinical outcomes through tailored, phenotype-based strategies.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lights or shadows, a promising future for positron emission tomography in pituitary tumors: a systematic review. 光或影，垂体肿瘤正电子发射断层扫描的一个有希望的未来：系统回顾。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-025-09978-1

Sabrina Chiloiro, Carmelo Caldarella, Alessandra Vicari, Simone Antonio De Sanctis, Antonella Giampietro, Pier Paolo Mattogno, Lauretti Liverana, Rosalinda Calandrelli, Tommaso Tartaglione, Simona Gaudino, Alessandro Olivi, Laura De Marinis, Francesco Doglietto, Antonio Bianchi, Maria Fleseriu, Alfredo Pontecorvi

{"title":"Lights or shadows, a promising future for positron emission tomography in pituitary tumors: a systematic review.","authors":"Sabrina Chiloiro, Carmelo Caldarella, Alessandra Vicari, Simone Antonio De Sanctis, Antonella Giampietro, Pier Paolo Mattogno, Lauretti Liverana, Rosalinda Calandrelli, Tommaso Tartaglione, Simona Gaudino, Alessandro Olivi, Laura De Marinis, Francesco Doglietto, Antonio Bianchi, Maria Fleseriu, Alfredo Pontecorvi","doi":"10.1007/s11154-025-09978-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-025-09978-1","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnosis of pituitary adenomas (PAs), also called pituitary tumors or neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) currently involves assessment of blood/plasma hormone levels and traditional neuroradiological techniques, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being of particular significance. However, Positron Emission Tomography- computerized tomography (PET-CT) has been gaining a more substantial role both for the diagnosis and management of PAs. The present systematic review analyzes the most widely used radiopharmaceuticals in the evaluation of pituitary disorders. We explore the potential utilization of PET with multiple radiopharmaceuticals for individualized diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, highlighting both the constraints and merits of this constantly evolving technique and application in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathophysiological insights into asprosin: an emerging adipokine in reproductive health. asprosin的病理生理学见解：生殖健康中的一种新兴脂肪因子。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-025-09975-4

Sana Khan, Saima Syeda, Yashankita Raghuvanshi, Anju Shrivastava

{"title":"Pathophysiological insights into asprosin: an emerging adipokine in reproductive health.","authors":"Sana Khan, Saima Syeda, Yashankita Raghuvanshi, Anju Shrivastava","doi":"10.1007/s11154-025-09975-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-025-09975-4","url":null,"abstract":"Asprosin is a versatile protein hormone primarily produced by white adipose tissue (WAT). When secreted into the bloodstream, it exerts a range of central and peripheral effects, positioning it as a key player in metabolic processes. Since its discovery, asprosin has garnered increasing attention for its involvement in metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation, both of which are critical to reproductive health. Emerging evidence indicates that asprosin influences the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, a key neuroendocrine system regulating mammalian reproduction. Concurrently, clinical studies have revealed dysregulated asprosin expression in various reproductive diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and pregnancy-related disorders such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia. These findings suggest that asprosin plays a crucial role in reproductive events and infertility-related conditions. This review provides an overview of the latest research on asprosin's role in reproduction, female reproductive diseases, and pregnancy complications, while also outlining potential future research directions. A deeper understanding of asprosin's complex involvement in reproduction and reproductive-endocrine disorders could offer novel insights into its potential as a therapeutic target for addressing infertility in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

GHRH and its analogues in central nervous system diseases. 中枢神经系统疾病中的 GHRH 及其类似物。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09920-x

Yueyang Liu, Rong Fu, Hui Jia, Kefan Yang, Fu Ren, Ming-Sheng Zhou

{"title":"GHRH and its analogues in central nervous system diseases.","authors":"Yueyang Liu, Rong Fu, Hui Jia, Kefan Yang, Fu Ren, Ming-Sheng Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09920-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-024-09920-x","url":null,"abstract":"Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is primarily produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) in the anterior pituitary gland, which subsequently regulates the production of hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). GH and IGF-1 have potent effects on promoting cell proliferation, inhibiting cell apoptosis, as well as regulating cell metabolism. In central nerve system (CNS), GHRH/GH/IGF-1 promote brain development and growth, stimulate neuronal proliferation, and regulate neurotransmitter release, thereby participating in the regulation of various CNS physiological activities. In addition to hypothalamus-pituitary gland, GHRH and GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) are also expressed in other brain cells or tissues, such as endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) and tumor cells. Alternations in GHRH/GH/IGF-1 axis are associated with various CNS diseases, for example, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and emotional disorders manifest GHRH, GH or IGF-1 deficiency, and GH or IGF-1 supplementation exerts beneficial therapeutic effects on these diseases. CNS tumors, such as glioma, can express GHRH and GHRH-R, and activating this signaling pathway promotes tumor cell growth. The synthesized GHRH antagonists have shown to inhibit glioma cell growth and may hold promising as an adjuvant therapy for treating glioma. In addition, we have shown that GHRH agonist MR-409 can improve neurological sequelae after ischemic stroke by activating extrapituitary GHRH-R signaling and promoting endogenous NSCs-derived neuronal regeneration. This article reviews the involvement of GHRH/GH/IGF-1 in CNS diseases, and potential roles of GHRH agonists and antagonists in treating CNS diseases.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"427-442"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Central and peripheral regulation of the GH/IGF-1 axis: GHRH and beyond. GH/IGF-1 轴的中枢和外周调节：GHRH 及其他

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09933-6

Fabio Bioletto, Emanuele Varaldo, Valentina Gasco, Mauro Maccario, Emanuela Arvat, Ezio Ghigo, Silvia Grottoli

{"title":"Central and peripheral regulation of the GH/IGF-1 axis: GHRH and beyond.","authors":"Fabio Bioletto, Emanuele Varaldo, Valentina Gasco, Mauro Maccario, Emanuela Arvat, Ezio Ghigo, Silvia Grottoli","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09933-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-024-09933-6","url":null,"abstract":"The regulation of growth hormone (GH) synthesis and secretion by somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary is a highly complex process, mediated by a variety of neuroendocrine and peripheral influences. In particular, a key role is played by the hypothalamic peptides growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin, which regulate the somatotroph axis with opposite actions, stimulating and inhibiting GH release, respectively. Since the discovery of GHRH about 50 years ago, many pathophysiological studies have explored the underlying intricate hormonal balance that regulates GHRH secretion and its interplay with the somatotroph axis. Various molecules and pathophysiological states have been shown to modulate the release of GH, GHRH, somatostatin and GH secretagogues. Collectively, the available evidence demonstrates how a vast number of neural and peripheral signals are conveyed and integrated to orchestrate a finely tuned response of the somatotroph axis that adapts to the body's varying needs for growth, metabolism, and repair. The present review aims to summarize the available evidence regarding the key regulators involved in the modulation of the somatotroph axis in humans, presenting detailed molecular insights on the signaling cascades at play. The interplay between different mechanisms governing somatotroph secretion is highlighted, underscoring the nuanced interdependence that maintains homeostasis and facilitates the body's ability to respond to internal and external stimuli.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"321-342"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth hormone-releasing hormone and cancer. 生长激素释放激素与癌症

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09919-4

Iacopo Gesmundo, Francesca Pedrolli, Renzhi Cai, Wei Sha, Andrew V Schally, Riccarda Granata

{"title":"Growth hormone-releasing hormone and cancer.","authors":"Iacopo Gesmundo, Francesca Pedrolli, Renzhi Cai, Wei Sha, Andrew V Schally, Riccarda Granata","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09919-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-024-09919-4","url":null,"abstract":"The hypothalamic hormone growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), in addition to promoting the synthesis and release of growth hormone (GH), stimulates the proliferation of human normal and malignant cells by binding to GHRH-receptor (GHRH-R) and its main splice variant, SV1. Both GHRH and GHRH-Rs are expressed in various cancers, forming a stimulatory pathway for cancer cell growth; additionally, SV1 possesses ligand independent proliferative effects. Therefore, targeting GHRH-Rs pharmacologically has been proposed for the treatment of cancer. Various classes of synthetic GHRH antagonists have been developed, endowed with strong anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo, in addition to displaying anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune-modulatory functions. GHRH antagonists exert indirect effects by blocking the pituitary GH/hepatic insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis, or directly inhibiting the binding of GHRH on tumor GHRH-Rs. Additionally, GHRH antagonists block the mitogenic functions of SV1 in tumor cells. This review illustrates the main findings on the antitumor effects of GHRH antagonists in experimental human cancers, along with their underlying mechanisms. The development of GHRH antagonists, with reduced toxicity and high stability, could lead to novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"443-456"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

GHRH and the prostate. GHRH 和前列腺

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09922-9

Laura Muñoz-Moreno, Irene D Román, Ana M Bajo

{"title":"GHRH and the prostate.","authors":"Laura Muñoz-Moreno, Irene D Román, Ana M Bajo","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09922-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-024-09922-9","url":null,"abstract":"In the late 1960s and early 1970s, hypothalamic regulatory hormones were isolated, characterized and sequenced. Later, it was demonstrated hypothalamic and ectopic production of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) in normal and tumor tissues, of both humans and animals. Pituitary-type GHRH receptors (pGHRH-R) had been demonstrated to be expressed predominantly in the anterior pituitary gland but also found in other somatic cells, and significantly present in various human cancers; in addition, the expression of splice variants (SVs) of GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) has been found not only in the pituitary but in extrapituitary tissues, including human neoplasms. In relation to the prostate, besides the pGHRH-R, it has been detected the presence of truncated splice variants of GHRH-R (SV1-SV4) in normal human prostate and human prostate cancer (PCa) specimens; lastly, a novel SV of GHRH-R has been detected in human PCa. Signaling pathways activated by GHRH include AC/cAMP/PKA, Ras/Raf/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK2/STAT3, which are involved in processes such as cell survival, proliferation and cytokine secretion. The neuropeptide GHRH can also transactivate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2. Thus, GHRH-Rs have become drug targets for several types of clinical conditions, including prostate-related conditions such as prostatitis, benign hyperplasia and cancer. Over the last fifty years, the development of GHRH-R receptor antagonists has been unstoppable, improving their potency, stability and affinity for the receptor. The last series of GHRH-R antagonists, AVR, exhibits superior anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities in both in vivo and in vitro assays.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"467-481"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0