Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders最新文献

GHRH in diabetes and metabolism. 糖尿病和新陈代谢中的 GHRH。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09930-9

Charlotte Steenblock, Stefan R Bornstein

{"title":"GHRH in diabetes and metabolism.","authors":"Charlotte Steenblock, Stefan R Bornstein","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09930-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-024-09930-9","url":null,"abstract":"Despite over a century of insulin therapy and recent advances in glucose monitoring, diabetes and its complications remain a significant burden. Current medications are not durable, with symptoms often returning after treatment ends, and responses vary between patients. Additionally, the effectiveness of many medications diminishes over time, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. Maintaining β-cell mass and promoting β-cell regeneration offer more curable treatments, while cell replacement therapies could be an option if regeneration is not feasible. For both strategies, enhancing β-cell survival is crucial. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) was originally discovered for its ability to stimulate the production and release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary. Beyond the hypothalamus, GHRH is produced in peripheral tissues, with its receptor, GHRHR, expressed in tissues such as the pituitary, pancreas, adipose tissue, intestine, and liver. Several studies have shown that GHRH and its analogs enhance the survival of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells both in vitro and in animal models. These beneficial effects strongly support the potential of GHRH agonists and antagonists for the clinical treatment of human metabolic diseases or for enhancing β-cell survival in cells used for transplantation. In the current review, we will discuss the roles of hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic GHRH in metabolism in physiological and pathological contexts, along with the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we will discuss the potential beneficial effects of GHRH analogs for the treatment of metabolic diseases.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reference intervals for serum prolactin concentrations: analytical and clinical considerations. 血清催乳素浓度的参考区间：分析和临床考虑因素。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09927-4

Kate Coleman, Mohamed Saleem

{"title":"Reference intervals for serum prolactin concentrations: analytical and clinical considerations.","authors":"Kate Coleman, Mohamed Saleem","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09927-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-024-09927-4","url":null,"abstract":"Prolactin is a 23 kDa protein synthesised and released by lactotrophs located in the anterior pituitary gland. The main function of prolactin is the development of the mammary glands and the production and maintenance of milk secretion during pregnancy and lactation. Prolactin is present in 3 forms in the circulation monomeric, dimeric and macroprolactin which is one of the causes of variability between assay manufacturers. Although most assays have been standardised using the WHO's 3rd international standard there is still considerable variability between commercially available assays and as such laboratories need to establish their own reference intervals. Clinicians use reference intervals to distinguish between healthy and diseased individuals. Direct methods to establish reference intervals are expensive and time consuming and are impractical for most routine clinical laboratories. Indirect methods using the laboratories own data are more commonly used but also have drawbacks. Determination of reference intervals for prolactin is particularly difficult due to various physiological causes for variation in prolactin levels including age, sex and menopause. The presence of macroprolactin, its detection and methods for reporting its presence adds to reference interval determination complexity and harmonisation of these methods may improve clinical care.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Meal replacement therapy for obesity and diabetes remission: efficacy assessment and considerations of barriers and facilitators to adherence among U.S. individuals with low economic resources. 针对肥胖和糖尿病缓解的代餐疗法：疗效评估以及对美国经济资源匮乏者坚持治疗的障碍和促进因素的考虑。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09925-6

Claudia G Durbin, Ainsley Hutchison, Talia Colecchi, Jennifer Mulligan, Sreevidya Bodepudi, Markella V Zanni, Chika Vera Anekwe

引用次数: 0

Real-world evidence of effectiveness and safety of pasireotide in the treatment of acromegaly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 帕西洛肽治疗肢端肥大症有效性和安全性的现实证据：系统综述和荟萃分析。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09928-3

Betina Biagetti, Marta Araujo-Castro, Cristian Tebe, Mónica Marazuela, Manel Puig-Domingo

{"title":"Real-world evidence of effectiveness and safety of pasireotide in the treatment of acromegaly: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Betina Biagetti, Marta Araujo-Castro, Cristian Tebe, Mónica Marazuela, Manel Puig-Domingo","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09928-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11154-024-09928-3","url":null,"abstract":"Pasireotide long-acting release (PAS-LAR) is a second-generation somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL) approved for acromegaly treatment. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of PAS-LAR in patients with acromegaly resistant to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (fgSRL). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science for real-world studies on PAS-LAR in acromegaly published between 2014 and 2023. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed on biochemical control rates, tumor shrinkage, and metabolic parameters. Twelve studies comprising 409 patients were included. The pooled rate of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) control was 57.9% [95% CI: 48.4-66.8] and the percentage of patients with tumor shrinkage was 33.3% [95%CI: 19.7-50.4]. Significant reductions were observed in growth hormone standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.6 ng/mL [95% CI: 0.3 to 1.0] and IGF-1 levels SMD 0.9 ULN [95% CI: 0.4 to 1.4]. However, as expected, a worsening in glucose metabolism was noted as an increase in fasting glucose SMD - 0.8 mg/dL [95% CI: -1.0 to -0.5, p < 0.01], glycated hemoglobin SMD - 0.5% [95% CI: -0.7 to -0.2]. and type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence SMD - 11.5% (95% CI: -17.5 to -5.5). PAS-LAR demonstrated higher effectiveness in real-world settings, with over 60% of patients achieving IGF-1 control compared to the around 30% efficacy observed in clinical trials. These findings suggest that PAS-LAR is an effective option for acromegaly patients resistant to fgSRL, but careful monitoring of glucose levels is essential. The high heterogeneity observed across studies emphasizes the need for identifying PAS-LAR response biomarkers to set-up individualized treatment approaches for optimizing patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

GHRH and the prostate. GHRH 和前列腺

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09922-9

Laura Muñoz-Moreno, Irene D Román, Ana M Bajo

{"title":"GHRH and the prostate.","authors":"Laura Muñoz-Moreno, Irene D Román, Ana M Bajo","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09922-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-024-09922-9","url":null,"abstract":"In the late 1960s and early 1970s, hypothalamic regulatory hormones were isolated, characterized and sequenced. Later, it was demonstrated hypothalamic and ectopic production of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) in normal and tumor tissues, of both humans and animals. Pituitary-type GHRH receptors (pGHRH-R) had been demonstrated to be expressed predominantly in the anterior pituitary gland but also found in other somatic cells, and significantly present in various human cancers; in addition, the expression of splice variants (SVs) of GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) has been found not only in the pituitary but in extrapituitary tissues, including human neoplasms. In relation to the prostate, besides the pGHRH-R, it has been detected the presence of truncated splice variants of GHRH-R (SV1-SV4) in normal human prostate and human prostate cancer (PCa) specimens; lastly, a novel SV of GHRH-R has been detected in human PCa. Signaling pathways activated by GHRH include AC/cAMP/PKA, Ras/Raf/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK2/STAT3, which are involved in processes such as cell survival, proliferation and cytokine secretion. The neuropeptide GHRH can also transactivate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2. Thus, GHRH-Rs have become drug targets for several types of clinical conditions, including prostate-related conditions such as prostatitis, benign hyperplasia and cancer. Over the last fifty years, the development of GHRH-R receptor antagonists has been unstoppable, improving their potency, stability and affinity for the receptor. The last series of GHRH-R antagonists, AVR, exhibits superior anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities in both in vivo and in vitro assays.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of HOXA10 in pathologies of the endometrium. HOXA10 在子宫内膜病变中的作用。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09923-8

Anuradha Mishra, Deepak Modi

引用次数: 0

Hypoprolactinemia, a neglected endocrine disorder. 低泌乳素血症，一种被忽视的内分泌失调症。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09921-w

Fahrettin Kelestimur, Adriana G Ioachimescu

{"title":"Hypoprolactinemia, a neglected endocrine disorder.","authors":"Fahrettin Kelestimur, Adriana G Ioachimescu","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09921-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-024-09921-w","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders is dedicated to hypoprolactinemia. Prolactin is known for its actions on the mammary gland including development, preparation for postpartum lactation, as well as synthesis and maintenance of milk secretion. However, prolactin has many other physiological effects on reproduction, embryonic and fetal development, homeostasis, neuroprotection, behavior, and immunoregulation. In clinical practice, physiopathology and clinical consequences of increased prolactin secretion are generally well understood, and medical treatment to decrease prolactin levels is available and effective in most cases. Unlike prolactin excess, hypoprolactinemia has been a neglected endocrine disorder and nospecific replacement therapy is commercially available. Prolactin is the only anterior pituitary hormone not addressed by clinical hypopituitarism guidelines. In recent years, human studies have revealed that hypoprolactinemia is associated with metabolic, sexual and neuropsychologic alterations. Therefore, this special issue of Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders is aimed to enhance our incomplete understanding of hypoprolactinemia. A total of 17 articles were authored by respected scientists and clinicians from a variety of disciplines including adult and pediatric endocrinology, pathology, gynecology, reproductive medicine, oncology, and neurosurgery.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prolactin: structure, receptors, and functions. 催乳素：结构、受体和功能。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09915-8

Fanny Chasseloup, Valérie Bernard, Philippe Chanson

{"title":"Prolactin: structure, receptors, and functions.","authors":"Fanny Chasseloup, Valérie Bernard, Philippe Chanson","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09915-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-024-09915-8","url":null,"abstract":"Prolactin (PRL) is a 23-kDa protein synthesized and secreted by lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland but also by other peripheral tissues. PRL binds directly to a unique transmembrane receptor (PRLR), and the JAK2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) pathway is considered the major downstream pathway for PRLR signaling. To a lesser extent, PRL may be cleaved into the shorter 16-kDa PRL, also called vasoinhibin, whose signaling is not fully known. According to rodent models of PRL signaling inactivation and the identification of human genetic alterations in PRL signaling, a growing number of biological processes are partly mediated by PRL or its downstream effectors. In this review, we focused on PRL structure and signaling and its canonical function in reproduction. In addition to regulating reproductive functions, PRL also plays a role in behavior, notably in initiating nurturing and maternal behavior. We also included recent insights into PRL function in several fields, including migraines, metabolic homeostasis, inflammatory and autoimmune disease, and cancer. Despite the complexity of understanding the many functions of PRL, new research in this field offers interesting perspectives on physiological and pathophysiological processes.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

GHRH and its analogues in central nervous system diseases. 中枢神经系统疾病中的 GHRH 及其类似物。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09920-x

Yueyang Liu, Rong Fu, Hui Jia, Kefan Yang, Fu Ren, Ming-Sheng Zhou

{"title":"GHRH and its analogues in central nervous system diseases.","authors":"Yueyang Liu, Rong Fu, Hui Jia, Kefan Yang, Fu Ren, Ming-Sheng Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09920-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-024-09920-x","url":null,"abstract":"Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is primarily produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) in the anterior pituitary gland, which subsequently regulates the production of hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). GH and IGF-1 have potent effects on promoting cell proliferation, inhibiting cell apoptosis, as well as regulating cell metabolism. In central nerve system (CNS), GHRH/GH/IGF-1 promote brain development and growth, stimulate neuronal proliferation, and regulate neurotransmitter release, thereby participating in the regulation of various CNS physiological activities. In addition to hypothalamus-pituitary gland, GHRH and GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) are also expressed in other brain cells or tissues, such as endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) and tumor cells. Alternations in GHRH/GH/IGF-1 axis are associated with various CNS diseases, for example, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and emotional disorders manifest GHRH, GH or IGF-1 deficiency, and GH or IGF-1 supplementation exerts beneficial therapeutic effects on these diseases. CNS tumors, such as glioma, can express GHRH and GHRH-R, and activating this signaling pathway promotes tumor cell growth. The synthesized GHRH antagonists have shown to inhibit glioma cell growth and may hold promising as an adjuvant therapy for treating glioma. In addition, we have shown that GHRH agonist MR-409 can improve neurological sequelae after ischemic stroke by activating extrapituitary GHRH-R signaling and promoting endogenous NSCs-derived neuronal regeneration. This article reviews the involvement of GHRH/GH/IGF-1 in CNS diseases, and potential roles of GHRH agonists and antagonists in treating CNS diseases.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Meal replacements on obesity and leptin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 代餐对肥胖和瘦素的影响：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09918-5

Somaye Fatahi, Danial Fotros, Mohammad Hassan Sohouli, Koroush Vahidshahi, Pejman Rohani, Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães

{"title":"Meal replacements on obesity and leptin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Somaye Fatahi, Danial Fotros, Mohammad Hassan Sohouli, Koroush Vahidshahi, Pejman Rohani, Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães","doi":"10.1007/s11154-024-09918-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-024-09918-5","url":null,"abstract":"The global prevalence of obesity and overweight is a significant concern in the field of public health. Numerous interventional studies have been conducted to assess the possible meal replacements (MRs) effect on anthropometric indicators and indices and laboratory test that reflect obesity. However, there are no comprehensive results in this field. The study aim was to understand the possible effects of MRs on body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, waist circumferences (WC), and leptin levels. A systematic search was conducted in five electronic databases in order to find randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that examined the possible MRs effect on obesity. Analyses were performed in R software, version 4.2.1. The random-effects model analysis was used to provide pooled mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Seventy studies were included. Body weight (WMD: -3.35 kg, 95% CI: -4.28 to -2.42), BMI (WMD: -1.12 kg/m2, 95% CI: -1.51 to -0.72), fat mass (WMD: -2.77 kg, 95% CI: -3.59 to -1.6), WC (WMD: -2.82 cm, 95% CI: -3.51 to -2.12) were significantly reduced after MRs compared to control. No significant effect was observed on leptin (WMD: -3.37 ng/ml, 95% CI: -8.23 to 1.49). Subgroup analyses indicated that impact of total MRs on anthropometric factors was greater in comparison to partial MRs. Considering other lifestyle factors, MRs can lead to anthropometric indicators and indices reduction.","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0