pure and applied geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the Performance of Machine Learning Models in Estimating Monthly Dam Evaporation: A Case Study of Sidi Mhamed Ben Aouda Dam, Wadi Mina Basin, Algeria","authors":"Mohammed Achite,&nbsp;Somayeh Emami,&nbsp;Hojjat Emami,&nbsp;Okan Mert Katipoğlu,&nbsp;Kusum Pandey,&nbsp;Amir Hajimirzajan,&nbsp;Nehal Elshaboury","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03737-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03737-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective water resource management in arid and semi-arid regions requires accurate estimation of hydrological parameters such as evaporation. This study investigates the monthly evaporation of the Sidi-M’Hamed Ben Aouda dam basin in northwest Algeria using six machine learning models: random forest (RF), extra tree (ET), gradient boosting (GB), category boosting (CatBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). Climatic inputs (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine hours) from 1978 to 2023 were used to train and test the models. The findings reveal that the ET model achieved the best balance between accuracy and computational speed, while the RF model provided the highest overall accuracy. GB had a faster runtime with slightly reduced accuracy, whereas CatBoost and MLP underperformed. This comparative analysis highlights the suitability of ensemble tree-based models, particularly RF and ET, for accurate and efficient evaporation prediction, supporting water resource planning in data-scarce and climate-sensitive regions. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 6","pages":"2583 - 2601"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinctive Features of the Development of the Tonga Underwater Volcano Eruption According to Acoustic Monitoring Data","authors":"S. I. Kosyakov,&nbsp;S. N. Kulichkov,&nbsp;I. P. Chunchuzov","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03739-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03739-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On the basis of the analysis of the parameters of acoustic-gravity waves from the underwater eruption of the volcano Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Hapai (hereinafter referred to as Tonga), some features of the generation of these waves and their long-range propagation in the atmosphere are revealed. The hypothesis that the eruption of the Tonga volcano was accompanied by four underwater explosions is formulated on the basis of comparison of pressure signals from the Tonga volcano with the signals generated by both atmospheric and underground explosions, and similar volcanic eruptions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 6","pages":"2277 - 2290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractal Interpolation of Geophysical Well Logs Based on Iterated Function Systems","authors":"Esteban Alfaro","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03735-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03735-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents an innovative application of an alternative interpolation method based on fractal geometry applied to real geophysical well log data. The research demonstrates that geophysical well logs, commonly used in the oil and gas industry, can be regarded as fractal objects, indicating that the physical properties of subsurface geological formations exhibit fractal behavior and inherent self-similarity. Furthermore, the findings suggest the feasibility of reconstructing well logs in non-sampled or damaged intervals through a fractal interpolation approach grounded in an Iterated Function System. This research offers a unique perspective by introducing fractal theory into geophysical data processing, expanding traditional approaches and providing a robust alternative for dealing with incomplete well log data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 7","pages":"2837 - 2854"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Meteorological Drought Risk in Marathwada Region (India) with Crossing Empirical Trend Analysis","authors":"Uttam Pawar,&nbsp;Ahmet Iyad Ceyhunlu,&nbsp;Gokmen Ceribasi,&nbsp;Oguz Simsek","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03728-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03728-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change resulting from global warming destabilizes ecosystems worldwide and increases the intensity and frequency of meteorological events. This study aims to examine climatic trends and drought stress using rainfall data from eight districts (Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Jalna, Parbhani, Hingoli, Nanded, Beed, Latur and Dharashiv) in the Marathwada region of India. For these analyses, 120 years of data covering the period between 1901 and 2020 were used. Drought indices were first obtained with the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method, Sen's Slope method was used in classical trend methods, and the Crossing Empirical Trend Analysis (CETA) method used these data in modern trend methods. As a result of the analyses, when the SPI drought values were analyzed, although positive drought index values occurred less frequently, their magnitude was higher than that of negative values. When the results of both classical and modern trend methods were analyzed, it was concluded that 57.29% increasing trend, 37.5% decreasing trend and 5.21% no trend in the Upper Slope (Us) analysis. In the Lower Slope (Ls) analysis, 13.54% of the trend was increasing, 14.58% was decreasing, and 71.88% was no trend. In the Pivot Slope (Ps) analysis, it is concluded that 25% is an increasing trend, 48.96% is a decreasing trend, and 26.04% is no trend. In Sen's Slope (Ss) analysis, 23.96% of the trend is increasing, 18.75% is decreasing, and 57.29% is no trend. The results obtained will be taken into consideration in future climate modelling and adaptation strategies to be implemented at the regional level and will contribute to the establishment of sustainable environmental policies. This study provides a scientific basis for measures and strategies to be taken against climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 7","pages":"2913 - 2938"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-025-03728-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the Azimuth of the Horizontal Principal Stress Indicate the Azimuth of the Three-Dimensional Principal Stress?","authors":"Zhenyue Li,&nbsp;Yongge Wan,&nbsp;Ruifeng Liu,&nbsp;Xiangyun Guo","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03704-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03704-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In studies related to crustal stress, the spatial distribution of three-dimensional stress is often described by the azimuth distribution of the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stresses. In this paper, we investigated whether the azimuth of the horizontal principal stress can indicate the azimuth of the three-dimensional principal stress. The results show that the azimuth of the horizontal principal stress does not always accurately indicate the azimuth of the three-dimensional principal stress, nor do the azimuths of the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stresses always correspond to the compressive and tensile axes of the three-dimensional stress. The azimuth of the maximum horizontal principal stress may be close to the azimuth of the <span>({sigma }_{1})</span> or <span>({sigma }_{2})</span> axis, while the azimuth of the minimum horizontal principal stress may be close to the azimuth of the <span>({sigma }_{2})</span> or <span>({sigma }_{3})</span> axis. The correspondence between the azimuths of the maximum or minimum horizontal principal stress axis and the three-dimensional principal stress axis, as well as the azimuth angle between them, is closely related to the inclination of the three-dimensional principal stress axis and the relative magnitudes of the three principal stresses (shape ratio). The results of this study imply that it is not feasible to use the azimuth of the horizontal principal stress to represent the azimuth of the three-dimensional principal stress without prior knowledge of the three-dimensional stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 5","pages":"2039 - 2053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-025-03704-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exact Solutions of Steady Two-Layer Hydraulic Exchange Flow","authors":"Riski Kurniawan,&nbsp;Sri Redjeki Pudjaprasetya,&nbsp;Putu Veri Swastika","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03732-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03732-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exchange flows are widely discussed to investigate internal waves in estuaries and straits. These phenomena are typically modeled as two-layer flows through a channel connecting two reservoirs with different densities. This paper proposes a method to calculate the interface profile and flow velocity of each layer in a channel with various contraction and sill configurations. Using the rigid-lid approach, the continuity and momentum balance equations are expressed in terms of the Froude numbers, to obtain both maximal and submaximal exchange solutions. These solutions are satisfied for certain pairs of the Bernoulli constants and the exchange rates. In a channel with a sill, the depth of the reservoir is considered, in contrast to the literature which assumes infinite reservoir depth. Furthermore, this method can be applied even when the contraction and sill are not located at the same position, which has not been discussed in other literature. These exact solutions are valuable for understanding the hydraulics of two-layer flow and can serve as benchmarks for validating numerical models. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 6","pages":"2489 - 2506"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the WRF Model for Real-Time Prediction of Heavy Rainfall Events over the Twin Cities of East Coast of India","authors":"Alugula Boyaj,&nbsp;P. Sinha,&nbsp;N. R. Karrevula,&nbsp;Raghu Nadimpalli,&nbsp;V. Vinoj,&nbsp;Sahidul Islam,&nbsp;Manoj Khare,&nbsp;U. C. Mohanty","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03734-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03734-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The East coast of India, including Bhubaneswar and Cuttack in Odisha, often faces heavy rainfall events (HREs), leading to floods and significant loss of life and property. The present study evaluates the performance of a previously customized WRF model, forced by NCEP-GFS, for its capabilities in HRE forecasting and compares it with the India Meteorological Department's Global Forecast System (IMD-GFS) model in predicting HREs in quasi-operational mode. Their performance is assessed against observed daily rainfall station data, considering 23 HREs that occurred during the 2022 monsoon season. Our findings indicate that the optimum WRF configuration successfully captures both the occurrence of HREs and their magnitudes. Results show that the optimized WRF model effectively captures both the occurrence and intensity of HREs, achieving an overall success rate of 64% compared to 16% for the IMD-GFS at the station level. Concerning various lead times, the WRF (IMD-GFS) exhibited success rates of 45% (8%), 40% (8%), and 46% (4%) for day-1, day-2, and day-3 lead times, respectively. Regarding rainfall magnitude, the WRF model showed a 30% overestimation, while the IMD-GFS delineated a 65% underestimation. Furthermore, the optimized WRF model effectively predicts widespread HREs influenced by large-scale factors. The differences in results between the WRF and IMD-GFS models can mostly be attributed to variations in resolution and model configuration. However, the present study emphasizes the need for dynamically downscaling using high-resolution mesoscale models to accurately predict city-scale HREs in urban regions for its usefulness by stakeholders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 6","pages":"2655 - 2673"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Performance and Ranking of Local, Regional, and Global Attenuation Relations Based on Strong-Motion Datasets Recorded in Seismotectonic Provinces of Iran","authors":"Amirhossein Rostami,&nbsp;Hamid Saffari","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03729-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03729-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Selecting the most appropriate attenuation relations is one of the key stages in conducting seismic hazard analysis. Neglecting this factor can significantly affect the analysis results and make them unreliable. In this study, the Iranian dataset was first extracted from the Iranian Strong-Motion Network (ISMN). This dataset includes records from accelerometer stations with known average shear-wave velocity in each seismotectonic province, for earthquakes with moment magnitudes of 4.5 and above, and distances ranging from zero to a maximum of 200 km, up to 5 Jan 2025. Then, the performance of 10 attenuation relations developed globally, regionally for the Middle-East, and locally in Iran, was evaluated. Given the vastness of Iran and the differences in seismic regimes in various parts, analyses were conducted separately for each of the seismotectonic provinces of Iran. For this purpose, the residuals distribution and log-likelihood (LLH) methods were used to detect biases and quantitatively evaluate goodness-of-fit, respectively. These well-established methods are commonly used for ranking and weighting. This study also introduces the local standard deviation, which provides a better assessment of the conformity between predicted and observed values. The performance of attenuation relations across all seismotectonic provinces of Iran has been thoroughly evaluated. The results of the residuals distribution and the LLH test show strong agreement in all cases. This study led to the identification of efficient relations and showed that in all five seismotectonic provinces, including Zagros, Alborz-Azerbaijan, Central-East Iran, Koppeh Dagh, and Makoran, the relations proposed by Farajpour et al. (Bull Seismol Soc Am 109:732–744, 2019), Sedaghati and Pezeshk (Bull Seismol Soc Am 107:934–948, 2017), and Kale et al. (Bull Seismol Soc Am 105:963–980, 2015) consistently ranked first to third and had the best performance in estimating experienced data. The findings of this study can significantly assist in the appropriate selection of attenuation relations for both deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 6","pages":"2393 - 2414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Mapping of Upper Mantle Density and Thermal Characteristics in the NE Arabian Shield Through Integrated Approach","authors":"Salah Alshareef,&nbsp;Xiangyun Hu,&nbsp;Qing Liang,&nbsp;Wakeel Hussain,&nbsp;Fayez Harash,&nbsp;Shengbo Liu,&nbsp;Yong Li,&nbsp;Dafalla Wadi,&nbsp;Jiahao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03724-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03724-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The central portion of the Red Sea Rift (RSR) experiences passive rifting and represents a major geological structure shaped by the divergence of the Arabian and African plates. Its rifting processes are influenced by mantle upwelling and lithospheric extension. This study integrates seismic tomography and 3D density modeling to develop a comprehensive model of upper mantle density and thermal characteristics in the northeastern Arabian Shield. Gravity anomaly inversion, constrained by seismic tomography, was employed to construct the model. Terrain and crustal gravity effects were removed from the EIGEN-6C4 gravity field to obtain the residual mantle gravity anomaly (RMGA).The results show significant density variations in the upper mantle, with high-density anomalies thickening eastward and westward before diminishing at depths of 300 km in regions such as Afar, related to the tectonics of the Red Sea. However, low-density anomalies are observed in the northern Red Sea and eastern Sudan, particularly along plate boundaries and collision zones, suggesting elevated temperatures and dominant mantle upwelling. In addition, a low-density zone around the Arabian Shield and eastern Sudan dominates the lithosphere beneath the fault belt. A thinner, high-density layer beneath the southwest of the Sea may be related to older oceanic lithospheric fragments.Furthermore, seismic tomography highlights extensive low-velocity zones in the upper mantle, indicating high temperatures and potential partial melting beneath the rift. The RF analysis uses raw data comprised of three-component broadband velocity seismograms from earthquakes with magnitudes greater than Mw 5.8 and epicentral distances ranging from 30° to 90°. Therefore, the thermal structure along the rift axis is not uniform, with hotter mantle material ascending beneath the central and southern portions of the RSR. Additionally, seismic velocities between 1.5 and 4.9 km/s align with sedimentary layers in grabens, reinforcing evidence of lithospheric thinning.These findings enhance our understanding of the region's geodynamic evolution by refining the upper mantle density model. However, the thermal regime remains insufficiently explored, emphasizing the need for further geophysical studies to fully elucidate the Red Sea Rift’s tectonic processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 5","pages":"2253 - 2275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source Edge Detection for Potential Field Data Based on the Laplacian of Gaussian Filter, a Study for Copper-Bearing Targeting at the Kalatag Area in NW China","authors":"Shaole An,&nbsp;Changli Yao,&nbsp;Jinlin Wang,&nbsp;Wenjiao Xiao,&nbsp;He Yang,&nbsp;Shuguang Zhou,&nbsp;Munirdin Tohti","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03725-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03725-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Source edge detection is a crucial task in the analysis and interpretation of potential field data. This paper introduces a novel multi-scale edge detector for potential field data, employing the Laplacian of Gaussian filter. The proposed method was tested on synthetic models and high-precision aeromagnetic data from the Kalatag region in the eastern Tian Shan, NW China. We compared the results with popular edge detection techniques developed by other scholars. Our findings demonstrate that the new detector is able to accurately define the edges of field source bodies, even those characterized by subtle physical differences or larger burial depths. Furthermore, the method exhibits high accuracy in the presence of random noise interference and is adept at identifying field source edges with weak anomalies that may be overlooked by other techniques. The edge identification results of the Kalatag area reveal that the Cu-dominant deposits and mineralization are controlled by two major deep regional faults oriented in the NW-NWW direction. These faults may serve as conduits for Paleozoic magma emplacement or eruption. The borders of magmatic rocks and the intersections of these deep regional faults hold greater potential for mineralization. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of subsurface sources and provides a crucial geophysical foundation for further exploration efforts in the Kalatag area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 7","pages":"2821 - 2835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}