Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Standard Method for the Determination of the Photocatalytic Activity of Titanium Dioxide TiO2 in a Black Body Reactor","authors":"S. Ahmed, L. Al-Hajji","doi":"10.47363/jcert/2022(4)132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcert/2022(4)132","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of semiconductors to be used as photocatalysis, solar fuels attracts a wide attention since semiconductors photocatalyst are the most effective techniques to harvest solar light for environmental remediation. To determine the activity of a semiconducting photocatalyst is by imploying a black body photoreactor,where is the reaction rate defined as the converted amount of a probe molecule per unit time (dn/dt).measuring the reaction rate of a probe compound with the same type of photoreactor to compare the activities of photocatalysts under identical irradiation conditions is a very general way. The black body like a reactor is a new practical application to measure the quantum yields of photochemical reactions (Φ) in liquid-solid heterogeneous systems. One of the most major advantage of this new method, it is too simple to determine the photocatalytic activity of a photocatalysts such as the TiO2 as long as the fraction of the reflected and transmitted light are negligible due to the reactor geometry and high optical density of the heterogeneous systems. The quantum yields of the hetrogeneous system is a direct reaction since there is a lack of reliable experimental methods which make the determination at any photocatalytic laboratories very easy. The quantum yields are defined as the number of molecules of a given reactant per photon of light absorbed by photocatalyst at a given wavelength.","PeriodicalId":210581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115536404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire Effects on Reinforced Concrete","authors":"Rubén Rodríguez Elizalde","doi":"10.47363/jcert/2022(4)134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcert/2022(4)134","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete is a structural material that can be destroyed as a result of varied nature actions. Among them, fire is important: fire is a physical action of great destructive capacity and, at the same time, fire is an accidental action. In general, a fire is a vandalism action or an accidental event, which can affect every structural element. Fire is frequently an aggressor agent for constructions, in general, and for concrete structural elements, in particular. The fire attack is always complex. It acts over material made up of steel and concrete, with different behaviors and reactions to rising temperatures. Thus, it is necessary to study the alterations produced on the mechanical characteristics of the concrete, the alterations produced on the mechanical characteristics of the steel reinforcement and the alterations produced on the adherence between the steel and the concrete, and other phenomena such as the deformations imposed as a consequence. of the prevented expansions or the stresses produced by the temperature distribution gradients. This article aims to analyse the resistant capacity and the safety level of deterioration mechanisms, comparing real mechanisms and standard normative theoretical postulates.","PeriodicalId":210581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology","volume":"42 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130524830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Utilization and Response of Energy Resources Climate Change Research","authors":"G. Lu","doi":"10.47363/jcert/2022(4)133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcert/2022(4)133","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient utilization of energy resources is one of the most important national development strategies at present. The proposal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality has put forward new requirements for industry and smart agriculture. The realization of the revitalization strategy of emerging industries and smart agriculture is inseparable from the support of policies and finance. However, traditional concepts and financial services face many pain points such as information asymmetry. Carry out new reforms on technical routes, methods, input and output, and environmental protection issues such as backward treatment of various recyclable resources, high energy consumption, high pollution, high investment and low income, and optimize, upgrade and improve the original equipment to increase thermal efficiency by 20-50%, reduce the number of times and links of energy utilization and conversion, comprehensive utilization, rational utilization, cold discharge technology, recover all the waste heat that should be discharged, reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20-50%, and increase the output income several times, tailor-made Design input and output, resource utilization, energy utilization, ecologicalization, carbon dioxide can be directionally recycled under normal temperature emissions to provide surrounding plants or plant factories as nutrients for photosynthesis, and methane greenhouse gas generated during planting can be recycled into the furnace as a supplementary fuel, Truly achieve natural carbon neutrality in nature. It solves the problem of difficult waste disposal. The generated energy is used in multiple stages, saving 20-50% of energy, improving thermal efficiency, reducing mining, reducing combustion, and reducing emissions. The carbon dioxide after combustion and emissions are designed with reasonable design and are directed to provide plants or plants. After the neutralization of the plant factory, an internal circular economy has been formed, which has driven the vigorous development of modern smart agriculture. Carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by 40-90%. There is no thermal pollution, and the emission is carried out at room temperature. Radical rule, especially the traditional technology should discharge waste heat of 180-300 °C for total heat recovery and convert it into cold discharge with an efficiency of 76%, the difference between positive and negative is 176%, and heat pollution is replaced by cold. Climate change plays a huge role in allowing nature to achieve natural balance and neutrality","PeriodicalId":210581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128188072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prohibition of Disposables Require Approach Renovation","authors":"M. Gophen","doi":"10.47363/jcert/2022(4)135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcert/2022(4)135","url":null,"abstract":"Publicized Awareness aimed at reduction of disposables usage is a partial concealing of environmental perturbation. The global trend of enhanced disposables usage is undoubtedly significant factor of terrestrial and Aquatic (freshwater and marine) pollution. Although plastics create a severe damage to marine organisms (vertebrates and invertebrates) the terrestrial pollution is esthetic not less than biological-chemical. Vast number of studies were published about the marine and terrestrial degradability of disposables. Available information confirm degradation (followed by chemical pollution,) time range between weeks and centuries. On the other hand, washing of the multi-useable glass, ceramic or metallic made of kitchen utensils, require heavy use of detergents which are immediately flushed into removal systems and sooner into water storages (aquifers, reservoirs). Improvement of global friendly environment suggests reduction of plastic usage and encouragement of the usage of Styrofoam (Polystyrene) (Klecker) matters. Polystyrene matters are fully degraded within centuries and their debris are probably less damageable than Plastic in oceans. The long time (200-500 years) required for decomposition of plastic household/kitchen plastic utensils (cups, drinking straw, water bottles, Coffee pod) debris under marine conditions, was widely reported (Mohee R. and G. Unmar, 2007; deGraft-Johnson K.A., A. Blay, FK Nunoo, and C.C. Amankwah 2010; Ly, C. K. 1980; Oppong-Anash, A. 2020).It is suggested that the disposables degradation time under terrestrial condition is even longer. On the other hand, time frame required for pollution by the very common domestic detergents intrusion into the underground and surface water resources are much shorter and vary between hours to days only. The practical dilemma between detergents and Polystyrene pollution is waiting for scientific response. Conclusively, the environmental impact of disposables is damageable in the oceans but usage reduction of the detergents might be an environmental benefit as water quality improvement.","PeriodicalId":210581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130374322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of Laterized Concrete Incorporating Sawdust Ash as A Partial Replacement for Cement","authors":"Odubela Christiana Adebola, Oluwatobi Gbenga Aluko","doi":"10.47363/jcert/2022(4)128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcert/2022(4)128","url":null,"abstract":"Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), the main binder in concrete, is the most expensive component and the major contributor to the embodied carbon of the composite. This necessitates alternative eco-friendly materials such as waste, with comparative binding properties as a part replacement for OPC to have economic and sustainable concrete production with minimal hazardous impact on the environment. This study uses Sawdust Ash (SDA) which is a waste product of the wood milling industry, to replace some proportion of OPC in concrete. To further reduce the cost and negative environmental impact of concrete, laterite was used to replace river sand, and fresh and hardened properties were investigated. The fresh property evaluated in this study is the slump, while the hardened properties investigated are the density and compressive strength. This study showed the viability of successfully incorporating SDA as a partial replacement of OPC and laterite soil to replace the conventional fine aggregate. An acceptable slump and compressive strength can be achieved using 10% SDA and 45% laterite as partial replacement of OPC and river sand, respectively.","PeriodicalId":210581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128149011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Drinking Water Quality in Mogadishu, Somalia","authors":"Abdikafi Elmi Abdishakur, Abdullahi Mohamed Sheikh Ali","doi":"10.47363/jcert/2022(4)125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcert/2022(4)125","url":null,"abstract":"The drinking water quality assessment in Mogadishu, the capital and most populous city of Somalia was evaluated in this study. The data were obtained in the year 2019 and subjected to laboratory tests in the Mumtaz Engineering service. Hydro chemical analyses were conducted on twelve samples from six different regions located in Mogadishu with graphical representation of the minimum, maximum and average values of all parameters measured. Coupled with this is the calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI) for the six regions. One of the main findings of the study revealed that the groundwater from all the regions except for region one is not fit to drink. When a comparison was made across all regions, four regions had a very high TDS above the WHO limit, while two regions had a high EC above the WHO limit. This study recommended that there is a need for proper handling and management of groundwater in the regions with a high concentration of evaluated parameters to avoid bioaccumulation in human tissues through in-take of polluted waters.","PeriodicalId":210581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130927319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Green Jobs Advocates Their Own Worst Enemies?","authors":"R. Bezdek","doi":"10.47363/jcert/2022(4)130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcert/2022(4)130","url":null,"abstract":"There is intense controversy in the USA concerning the definition of green jobs. We review the definitions being used, note their shortcomings, and summarize criteria for green jobs being utilized by advocates and politicians – including President Biden. We find that green jobs advocates can be their own worst enemies. They have significantly tightened the criteria for characterizing green jobs and have greatly reduced the number of jobs that can thus be defined as “green.” We find the overwhelming majority of green jobs do not adhere to these criteria and that that very strict criteria greatly reduce green jobs estimates. We conclude that utilization of these criteria will very seriously underestimate the size, importance, and rates of growth of the USA green economy and green jobs. This will hinder efforts to address pressing environmental and energy issues, to increase green jobs, and to implement the Democrats’ Green New Deal.","PeriodicalId":210581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127012511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of Water Catchments in BUI Division North West Region of Cameroon: Implications on the Origin of Ions and Correlation","authors":"Fondzenyuy Vitalis Fonfo","doi":"10.47363/jcert/2022(4)124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcert/2022(4)124","url":null,"abstract":"Principal Component Analysis (PCA) helps in interpreting data and simplifies the complexity in high-dimensional or multivariate data while retaining trends and patterns. This is done by transforming the data into fewer dimensions that act as summaries of characteristics. The multivariate or high-dimensional data was prevalent in the physico- chemical analysis of samples from some water catchments in Bui division, North West Region of Cameroon. The water catchments were in Elak (ELA) Oku subdision, Mbiame (MBI) Mbven subdivision, Belem (BEL) Nkum subdivision, Nkar (NKA) Jakiri subdivision and YEH in Kumbo subdivision. This type of data presents several challenges that PCA mitigates. With the application of SPSS (Software Package for Social Sciences) it transformed the multivariables obtained in the physico-chemical analysis from the water catchments into a correlation matrix either Pearson’s or Spearman’s matrix. In this work I Pearson’s correlation matrix was used. It reduced the data by geometrically projecting onto lower dimensions in correlation circles. Pearson’s correlation matrix for the water catchments between the variables had a medium or moderate correlation with most of the coefficient values between -/+ 0.39 and +/- 0.49. Nonetheless, some strong positive correlations existed between Mg2+ / pH, TDS / EC, HCO3 - / T°C, and SiO2 / Mg2+, while a strong negative correlation existed between, Mg2+/ T°C, and Mg2+/ NO3 - . Generally, a weak correlation was observed between most of the variables. Eighty-seven variables were correlated from the catchments with 51 having a positive correlation, whereas 36 were negative. Positive correlation values indicated a common source with the ions evolving concomitantly by similar weathering processes or inputs from a common source. This concomitant correlation was expressed between Ca2+ and HCO3 - within the catchments. The negative values revealed that the ions evolve in an antagonistic manner. Consequently, in the water catchments, 58.62 % of the variables had a positive correlation while. 42.48 % had a negative correlation with antagonistic behaviour","PeriodicalId":210581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121235507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact of Mining on Operational Communities in Tonkolili District Northern Sierra Leone","authors":"Ibrahim Ahmed Kanu, Alpha Thullah, Musa Titus Sesay","doi":"10.47363/jcert/2022(4)126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcert/2022(4)126","url":null,"abstract":"Sierra Leone is a resource-rich country with mining being one of the main economic activity in the country. Mining operations has yielded mixed results across the country with the provision of employment opportunities, and revenues generation on one hand, and severe social, economic, and environmental impacts on the other hand. The present study investigates the environmental and socio-economic impacts of mining on local communities in Northern Sierra Leone. The overriding objectives were to assess local perception of the environment and socio-economic impacts of mining in their communities. To achieve this, 50 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The result revealed that 80% of the study participants stated that mining has created employment opportunities in contrast to 20% who stated otherwise. With regard to the impact of mining on livelihood, 70% of the respondents mentioned that mining operations have positively impacted their livelihood but 30% had an opposing view with some of them mentioning that mining has exacerbated the rate of loss of agricultural land and loss of other livelihood strategies. Mining has caused a wide array of environmental problems in the operational communities including land degradation, loss of land cover, water pollution, and siltation or sedimentation of water bodies. Thus, the government of and the other relevant authorities in Sierra Leone should enforce mining laws and policies to ensure that (1) operational communities benefit from mining proceeds, and (2) mining companies comply with their corporate social responsibilities and reduce the environmental, and social cost associated with their operations. Furthermore, environmental awareness campaigns should be strengthened in the affected communities targeting mining companies and artisanal miners alike on the need for environmental protection and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":210581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology","volume":"51 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132738819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Implementation of Strategic Management in Saudi Arabia Construction Companies Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goals","authors":"A. Bagader, B. Sultan","doi":"10.47363/jcert/2022(4)127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcert/2022(4)127","url":null,"abstract":"Construction industry in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is going through a peek which can drive construction companies to adopt new strategies. This construction boom is a chance that cannot be missed by construction companies specially with 2030 Vision of KSA Mega projects such as Neom, and Redsea, therefore construction companies should take advantage of the opportunity leading to profitable contribution to the successful achievement of the sustainable development goals. The focus of this study is to identify the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for construction companies and then highlight the internal strength and weaknesses with the external opportunity and threats, towards best strategic management practice of the construction industry companies in KSA as a case study. The process will start with a literature review to identify performance factors of the construction industry in KSA, after conducting surveys results to rank the factors upon on their criticality. As result this review illustrates the research gap on construction industries on towards achieving sustainable development goals particularly in KSA’s construction companies.","PeriodicalId":210581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121599114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}