禁止使用一次性用品需要改进方法

M. Gophen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

旨在减少一次性用品使用的宣传意识是对环境扰动的部分掩盖。一次性用品使用量增加的全球趋势无疑是陆地和水生(淡水和海洋)污染的重要因素。尽管塑料对海洋生物(脊椎动物和无脊椎动物)造成了严重的损害,但陆地污染的程度不亚于生物化学污染。发表了大量关于一次性物品在海洋和陆地上可降解性的研究。现有资料证实,退化(随后是化学污染)的时间范围从几周到几个世纪不等。另一方面,洗涤多用途玻璃、陶瓷或金属制成的厨房用具需要大量使用洗涤剂,这些洗涤剂会立即被冲入去除系统,并很快进入储水设施(含水层、水库)。改善全球友好环境建议减少塑料的使用和鼓励使用聚苯乙烯(聚苯乙烯)(Klecker)材料。聚苯乙烯物质在几个世纪内就会完全降解,它们的碎片可能比海洋中的塑料更具破坏性。据广泛报道,塑料家用/厨房塑料器具(杯子、吸管、水瓶、咖啡荚)碎片在海洋条件下分解需要很长时间(200-500年)(Mohee R. and G. Unmar, 2007;deGraft-Johnson K.A, A. Blay, FK Nunoo和C.C. Amankwah 2010;李,C. K. 1980;Oppong-Anash, A. 2020)。建议在陆地条件下,一次性降解时间甚至更长。另一方面,非常常见的家用洗涤剂侵入地下和地表水资源造成污染所需的时间范围要短得多,仅在几小时到几天之间变化。洗涤剂和聚苯乙烯污染之间的实际困境正在等待科学的回应。最后,一次性用品对环境的影响在海洋中是有害的,但减少洗涤剂的使用可能对环境有利,因为水质得到改善。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Prohibition of Disposables Require Approach Renovation
Publicized Awareness aimed at reduction of disposables usage is a partial concealing of environmental perturbation. The global trend of enhanced disposables usage is undoubtedly significant factor of terrestrial and Aquatic (freshwater and marine) pollution. Although plastics create a severe damage to marine organisms (vertebrates and invertebrates) the terrestrial pollution is esthetic not less than biological-chemical. Vast number of studies were published about the marine and terrestrial degradability of disposables. Available information confirm degradation (followed by chemical pollution,) time range between weeks and centuries. On the other hand, washing of the multi-useable glass, ceramic or metallic made of kitchen utensils, require heavy use of detergents which are immediately flushed into removal systems and sooner into water storages (aquifers, reservoirs). Improvement of global friendly environment suggests reduction of plastic usage and encouragement of the usage of Styrofoam (Polystyrene) (Klecker) matters. Polystyrene matters are fully degraded within centuries and their debris are probably less damageable than Plastic in oceans. The long time (200-500 years) required for decomposition of plastic household/kitchen plastic utensils (cups, drinking straw, water bottles, Coffee pod) debris under marine conditions, was widely reported (Mohee R. and G. Unmar, 2007; deGraft-Johnson K.A., A. Blay, FK Nunoo, and C.C. Amankwah 2010; Ly, C. K. 1980; Oppong-Anash, A. 2020).It is suggested that the disposables degradation time under terrestrial condition is even longer. On the other hand, time frame required for pollution by the very common domestic detergents intrusion into the underground and surface water resources are much shorter and vary between hours to days only. The practical dilemma between detergents and Polystyrene pollution is waiting for scientific response. Conclusively, the environmental impact of disposables is damageable in the oceans but usage reduction of the detergents might be an environmental benefit as water quality improvement.
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