Respiratory medicine最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of the effects of one-legged and two-legged exercise training on exercise capacity and fatigue in patients with sarcoidosis","authors":"Tuğçe Tahmaz ,&nbsp;Gökşen Kuran Aslan ,&nbsp;İpek Yeldan ,&nbsp;Nigar Gülfer Okumuş","doi":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Importance</h3><div>Sarcoidosis is a restrictive lung disease marked by granulomatous inflammation affecting multiple organs. Despite its multisystem nature, therapeutic approaches for managing exercise intolerance and fatigue in pulmonary sarcoidosis require further research.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our aim was to compare the effects of one-legged and two-legged cycling exercises on exercise capacity, fatigue, muscle strength, and quality of life in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (stages 2–4).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Randomized controlled trial.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>This randomized controlled trial involved 26 patients, divided equally into one-legged and two-legged cycling groups.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Patients diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis (stages 2–4).</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>Both groups underwent an 8-week program, with 40-min sessions twice weekly.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcomes and measures</h3><div>Assessments included the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT), Endurance Shuttle Walk Test (ESWT), Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), handheld dynamometer tests (quadriceps, tibialis anterior, gastrosoleus), blood lactate analysis, and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups showed significant improvements in fatigue, muscle strength, and quality of life. The one-legged group demonstrated superior results in total SGRQ and SGRQ activity scores (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both exercise protocols effectively enhanced exercise capacity and reduced fatigue in patients with sarcoidosis, with the one-legged approach offering specific advantages for activity-related quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21057,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piezo2 as a novel biomarker of acute respiratory distress syndrome severity: a prospective observational study","authors":"Huaiyu Xiong ,&nbsp;Yiyi Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Yang ,&nbsp;Yukun Zhu ,&nbsp;Feng Ping ,&nbsp;Xiangjun He ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition. While mechanical ventilation remains essential for its management, it can contribute to ventilator-associated lung injury. Piezo2, a key mechanosensitive channel, plays a critical role in sensing mechanical stress; however, its clinical relevance in ARDS severity remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients were included based on predefined inclusion criteria, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected from them within 24 h of ICU admission. Piezo2 levels were measured using ELISA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 142 patients (26 non-ARDS, 116 ARDS), Piezo2 levels in BALF were significantly elevated in the ARDS group (mean difference = 30.46; 95 %CI: 9.73–51.20; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and were positively associated with ARDS severity (OR = 1.024, 95 %CI: 1.014–1.034, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001)). Piezo2 levels showed a significant negative correlation with PaO₂/FiO₂ ratios (r = −0.46; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The ROC analysis demonstrated strong discriminatory power of Piezo2 for identifying moderate-to-severe ARDS (AUC = 0.87; 95 % CI: 0.82–0.93). Compared to the Piezo2low group, patients in the Piezo2high group required higher respiratory rates (18 ± 4.7 vs. 16 ± 3.8 breaths/min; <em>P</em> = 0.03), higher PEEP levels (9.56 ± 2.43 vs. 7.56 ± 2.12 cmH₂O; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and had 4.8 fewer ventilator-free days at day 28 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). However, no significant difference was observed in all-cause mortality between the groups (OR = 1.003; 95 % CI: 0.993–1.014; <em>P</em> = 0.52).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Piezo2 levels in BALF were significantly higher in patients with ARDS compared to those without ARDS, and correlated with greater ventilatory support and fewer ventilator-free days at 28 days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21057,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and economic impact of concomitant heart failure in patients with exacerbated COPD","authors":"Carlos J. Alvarez-Martinez ,&nbsp;Miguel Hernández ,&nbsp;Jorge Vélez ,&nbsp;Joaquín Sánchez-Covisa ,&nbsp;Juan Moreno-González ,&nbsp;Luciano Escudero ,&nbsp;Nicolás Rosillo ,&nbsp;Diego Alvaredo ,&nbsp;Guillermo Moreno ,&nbsp;Manuel del Oro ,&nbsp;Carmen Ortega ,&nbsp;José L. Bernal ,&nbsp;Héctor Bueno","doi":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Co-occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF) is frequent, worsens prognosis and increases healthcare resources use and costs. This research aims to quantify the impacts of HF as a concomitant diagnosis with COPD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective, observational study of consecutive patients aged 40 years or older who visited the emergency department (ED) during 2018 for COPD exacerbation. One-year clinical outcomes, resource utilization and costs were compared between those with and without HF, using the Clinical Outcomes, HEalthcare REsource utilizatioN, and relaTed costs (COHERENT) model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 2384 COPD patients, mean age was 75.7 years, 40.1 % women. Of these 35.1 % had concomitant diagnosis of HF. Patients with COPD and HF exhibited higher 1-year rates of mortality (31.2 % vs 19.2 %, p &lt; 0.001), hospitalization (95.6 % vs 78.9 %, p &lt; 0.001), readmission and return to ED. Adjusted for age, sex and comorbidity, HF was an independent predictor of mortality (HR, 1.25; 95 %CI, 1.03–1.50; p = 0.02). Also, HF coexistence was independently associated with a 42 % excess in mean 1-year healthcare cost (ratio of means, 1.42; 95 %CI, 1.24–1.63; p &lt; 0.001), adjusted for age and comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The concomitant diagnosis of HF in patients with COPD exacerbation is associated with increased 1-year risk of all outcomes, increased use of healthcare resources and almost a doubling in total costs. Specific multidisciplinary strategies targeting these patients may be needed to improve their outcomes and reduce costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21057,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of inspiratory muscle training on exercise tolerance in patients with post-covid-19 syndrome: a systematic review","authors":"Emyly Monteiro Corrêa ,&nbsp;Suellen da Silva Mendonça ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Santiago Barbosa Rocha ,&nbsp;Katiane da Costa Cunha ,&nbsp;Luiz Fabio Magno Falcão ,&nbsp;Valéria Marques Ferreira Normando","doi":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT), either performed in isolation or combined with aerobic and resistance exercises, on exercise tolerance and respiratory function in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in peer-reviewed journals investigating IMT in adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome were included. A comprehensive search was carried out in international electronic databases. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment (RoB 2.0) were performed independently by two reviewers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six randomized controlled trials encompassing a total of 451 participants were included. The overall quality of evidence was considered moderate, mainly due to small sample sizes and heterogeneous protocols. Compared with control groups, IMT demonstrated significant improvements in inspiratory muscle strength, diaphragmatic thickness, and distance covered in the 6-min walk test (6MWT). However, no consistent differences were observed in maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) or autonomic modulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings suggest that IMT may enhance exercise tolerance and respiratory parameters in post-COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, the available evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, underscoring the need for multicenter RCTs with standardized protocols and long-term follow-up to establish definitive clinical recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21057,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of kettlebell exercise training on functional capacity and metabolic costs of activities of daily living in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Pınar Merç ,&nbsp;Rengin Demi̇r ,&nbsp;Melih Zeren ,&nbsp;Ümit Yaşar Si̇nan ,&nbsp;Muhammed Furkan Deni̇z ,&nbsp;Kemal Engi̇n ,&nbsp;Mehmet Serdar Küçükoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by exercise intolerance, dyspnea and fatigue symptoms. Therefore, PAH patients may experience more inconvenience performing activities of daily living (ADL). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Kettlebell exercise training (KET) on functional capacity, metabolic cost and cardiovascular responses in PAH patients during ADL.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-two PAH patients were separated into the intervention Group (IG) or control group (CG). The IG participated in KET, 3 days/week for 8 weeks, and the CG received no exercise program. Responses were measured using a mobile ergospirometer during the 6-min walk test (6MWT) and ADLs. Peripheral muscle strength was evaluated using a hand dynamometer; dyspnea with the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) and London Chest Activity of Daily Living (LCADL); fatigue with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS); physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF); anxiety and depression with the Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale (HADS); quality of life with the EmPHasis-10, and sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The IG showed significant improvement in 6MWT (p &lt; 0.01), task oxygen uptake (p = 0.02) and peakVO₂ (p &lt; 0.01). Relative task-related oxygen uptake (% of peakVO₂) and dyspnea improved in ADLs (p &lt; 0.05). Peripheral muscle strength significantly improved (p &lt; 0.05). Significant improvements were seen in the EmPHasis-10, FSS, mMRC, IPAQ-SF, HADS-A and HADS-D scores (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>KET improved functional capacity, quality of life, peripheral muscle strength, fatigue, dyspnea, physical activity level, anxiety and depression in PAH patients and reduced dyspnea in many activities of daily life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21057,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical power in children undergoing mechanical ventilation: A systematic review","authors":"Adriana Koliski ,&nbsp;Valéria Cabral Neves ,&nbsp;Natália Fracaro Lombardi Asinelli ,&nbsp;Mônica Nunes Lima ,&nbsp;Werther Brunow de Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mechanical power (MP) estimates the energy delivered to the lungs during ventilation. This study reviews pediatric research on MP and its association with ventilation duration and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>According to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in the databases Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, and Cochrane. A manual search was performed in the bibliography of the included studies and in the grey literature. All articles on mechanical power were included, and then studies focusing on the pediatric population were selected. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nine articles were included. No randomized controlled trials were found. A total of 1769 children were included, of whom 1417 were diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), while 148 had no evidence of lung injury. The median age ranged from 5.7 to 114 months, and 275 children died. MP values were found to be associated with increased mortality. Most studies utilized adaptations of the Gattinoni or Becher formulas. In children without lung pathology, average MP values were 3.93 ± 1.1 J/min. For children with ARDS, median MP values were 10 J/min in survivors and 15 J/min in non-survivors. Elevated MP values, particularly when assessed dynamically within the first 24 h of ventilation and adjusted for body weight, were consistently associated with increased mortality and, in some studies, prolonged ventilation duration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Mechanical power can be measured in children on pressure-controlled ventilation, preferably adjusted for body weight. Further research is needed to define risk thresholds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21057,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence chest CT imaging for the diagnosis of tuberculosis-destroyed lung with PH.","authors":"Wei Yu, Min Liu, Wei Qin, Jixiang Liu, Shi Chen, Yinjie Chen, Bingzu Hu, Ying Chen, Enhong Liu, Xiao Jin, Shuang Liu, Chenghong Li, Ziyang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Explore the clinical characteristics of Tuberculosis Destroyed Lung (TDL) with pulmonary hypertension. Use Artificial Intelligence (AI) CT Imaging for the Diagnosis of TDL Patients with PH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>51 cases of TDL patients. Based on the results of the right heart catheterization examination, the patients were divided into two groups: TDL with group (n = 31) and TDL Non-PH (n = 20). The original chest CT data of the patients were reconstructed, segmented, and rendered using AI, and lung volume-related data were calculated. The differences in clinical data, hemodynamic data, and lung volume-related data between the two groups of patients were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of TDL patients with PH is significantly higher than those without TDL (61.82 % vs. 22.64 %, P < 0.01). There were significant differences between the two groups of patients in terms of pulmonary function, PCWP/PVR, PASP/TRV and total volume of destroyed lung tissue (V_TDLT) (P < 0.05), and V_TDLT is positively correlated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP). Combined Diagnosis (V_TDLT + PSAP): The area under the AUC was 0.917 (95 %CI: 0.802-1), with a predicted probability of 0.51 and a Youden index of 0.789. The sensitivity was 90 % and specificity was 88.9 %.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with TDL accompanied by pulmonary hypertension are related to restrictive disorders. The V_TDLT is positively correlated with mPAP. By calculating the V_TDLT and combining it with the estimated PASP from echocardiography, it assists in the diagnosis of PH in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21057,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thirty year trends in childhood asthma and allergic conditions in Poland","authors":"Grzegorz Brożek ,&nbsp;Bartłomiej Nowak ,&nbsp;Charles Prendergast ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Gil ,&nbsp;Piotr Nakiela ,&nbsp;Szymon Skoczyński ,&nbsp;Kamil Barański ,&nbsp;Andrzej Swinarew ,&nbsp;Josh Lawson","doi":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Asthma and allergic conditions are among the most common chronic diseases in children. Their prevalence has been rising globally, with regional variability. We aimed to evaluate long-term trends in asthma and other allergic conditions among children in Chorzów, Poland, over a 30-year period.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted five repeated cross-sectional surveys (1993, 2002, 2007, 2014, and 2023) among children aged 7–10 years. Parents completed standardized questionnaires on respiratory symptoms, physician-diagnosed conditions, and treatment. Trends were assessed using chi-square tests for trends and logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. Analyses were also completed after stratification by sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Asthma prevalence increased from 3.4 % in 1993 to 12.6 % in 2014, before slightly declining to 10.4 % in 2023. Allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and dermatitis showed consistent increases, with dermatitis rising from 2.4 % to 18.1 %. Food allergy prevalence stabilized at ∼17 % after 2014. Sex-specific analyses revealed diverging patterns: asthma prevalence declined in girls but rose in boys between 2014 and 2023. Despite reductions in treatment use in 2023, some asthma-related symptoms decreased, suggesting improved management.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Asthma prevalence among Polish children peaked in 2014 and has since stabilized, while allergic diseases continue to rise. These findings highlight evolving environmental and clinical influences and underscore the need for continued monitoring and targeted public health interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21057,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female sex and lung cancer risk in two large screening cohorts","authors":"Antonios Charokopos ,&nbsp;Amanda Leiter ,&nbsp;Sakshi Dua ,&nbsp;Juan P. de-Torres ,&nbsp;Grace Mhango ,&nbsp;Javier J. Zulueta ,&nbsp;Charles Powell ,&nbsp;Keith M. Sigel ,&nbsp;Alex D. Federman ,&nbsp;Juan P. Wisnivesky","doi":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epidemiological studies have shown mixed results as to whether women are more susceptible to lung cancer than men. We studied 154,897 never-smokers and ever-smokers in the Prostate-Lung-Colon-Ovary (PLCO) trial and 53,452 heavy ≥30 pack-year smokers in National-Lung-Screening-Trial (NLST), 55–74 years of age. We calculated female to male lung cancer incidence rate ratios (IRR) using Poisson regression to adjust for established risk factors. In PLCO, women were more likely than men to be never smokers (56.2 % vs. 31.7 %, p &lt; 0.01). Among ever smokers, women had fewer pack years than men (23 vs. 33 in PLCO, and 45 vs. 52 in NLST, p &lt; 0.01). In adjusted analyses of PLCO, women had similar rates of lung cancer to men in the never-smoker group (IRR: 1.23, 95 %-confidence interval: 0.90–1.67), and the 1–15 (0.82, 0.59–1.14), 15–30 (0.95, 0.78–1.15), 30–45 (0.95, 0.80–1.11), 45–60 (0.94, 0.80–1.11), 60–75 (0.99, 0.81–1.19) and 75–100 (0.84, 0.67–1.06) pack-year groups. Lung cancer risk was lower among women in the 100+ pack year group (0.66, 0.48–0.90). In NLST, women were equally susceptible to lung cancer as men in all pack-year groups. There was no significant sex-race interaction (p &gt; 0.05) in either trial, while there was a sex-age interaction (p = 0.02) in NLST. Our analysis of two large randomized cancer-screening trials with predominantly white participants shows that for never-smokers or ever-smokers aged &gt;55 years, women are at similar risk of lung cancer compared to men. Consequently, lung cancer screening efforts, policies and campaigns, when addressing individuals of these demographics, should be equally focused on men and women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21057,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT2-inhibitors and asthma outcomes in type 2 diabetes: Insights from a large multicenter study","authors":"A B M Nasibul Alam ,&nbsp;Natasha Gill ,&nbsp;Maram AlAshoor ,&nbsp;Iman Cherif ,&nbsp;Mark Stolar","doi":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recent research suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with a decreased risk of asthma and may have therapeutic potential in reducing asthma severity. However, there is a paucity of data on how SGLT2 inhibitors might improve outcomes during asthma exacerbations in patients with type 2 diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Does the use of SGLT2 inhibitors improve 30-day outcomes after asthma exacerbation hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX, analyzing adults hospitalized for asthma exacerbation between 2015 and 2025. Patients with type 2 diabetes on SGLT2 inhibitors for at least three months were compared to those not on SGLT2 inhibitors. Outcomes included 30-day mortality, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and acute kidney injury (AKI).</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>After propensity score matching, SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with significantly lower 30-day mortality. No statistically significant differences were observed for ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, or AKI between the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical implication</h3><div>SGLT2 inhibitors could provide protective benefits and improve outcomes in asthma exacerbations for patients with type 2 diabetes, warranting further investigation in larger trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21057,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}