Daniel Halpern, J. Halpern, A. Jadbabaie, Elchanan Mossel, A. Procaccia, Manon Revel
{"title":"In Defense of Liquid Democracy","authors":"Daniel Halpern, J. Halpern, A. Jadbabaie, Elchanan Mossel, A. Procaccia, Manon Revel","doi":"10.1145/3580507.3597817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3580507.3597817","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid democracy is a voting paradigm that is conceptually situated between direct democracy, in which voters have direct influence over decisions, and representative democracy, where voters choose delegates who represent them for a period of time. Under liquid democracy, voters have a choice: they can either vote directly on an issue like in direct democracy, or delegate their vote to another voter, entrusting them to vote on their behalf. The defining feature of liquid democracy is that these delegations are transitive: if voter 1 delegates to voter 2 and voter 2 delegates to voter 3, then voter 3 votes (or delegates) on behalf of all three voters.","PeriodicalId":210555,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115094293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cost Based Nonlinear Pricing","authors":"D. Bergemann, T. Heumann, S. Morris","doi":"10.1145/3580507.3597697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3580507.3597697","url":null,"abstract":"The arrival of digital commerce has lead to an increasing use of personalization and differentiation strategies. With differentiated products along the quality dimension and/or the quantity dimension comes the need for nonlinear pricing policies or second degree price discrimination. The optimal pricing strategies for quality and quantity differentiated products were first investigated by Mussa and Rosen (1978) and Maskin and Riley (1984), respectively. The optimal pricing strategies were shown to depend heavily on the prior distribution of the private information regarding the types, and ultimately the willingness-to-pay of the buyers. Yet, frequently the sellers possess only weak and incomplete information about the distribution of demand. This paper aims to develop robust pricing policies that are independent of specific demand distributions and provide revenue guarantees across all possible distributions.","PeriodicalId":210555,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114598586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zikun Ye, Zhiqi Zhang, Dennis Zhang, Heng Zhang, Renyu Zhang
{"title":"Deep Learning Based Causal Inference for Large-Scale Combinatorial Experiments: Theory and Empirical Evidence","authors":"Zikun Ye, Zhiqi Zhang, Dennis Zhang, Heng Zhang, Renyu Zhang","doi":"10.1145/3580507.3597718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3580507.3597718","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale online platforms launch hundreds of randomized experiments (a.k.a. A/B tests) every day to iterate their operations and marketing strategies, while the combinations of these treatments are typically not exhaustively tested. It triggers an important question of both academic and practical interests: Without observing the outcomes of all treatment combinations, how to estimate the causal effect of any treatment combination and identify the optimal treatment combination? We develop a novel framework combining deep learning and double machine learning to estimate the causal effect of any treatment combination for each user on the platform when observing only a small subset of treatment combinations. Our proposed framework (called debiased deep learning, DeDL) exploits Neyman orthogonality and combines interpretable and flexible structural layers in deep learning. We prove theoretically that this framework yields consistent and asymptotically normal estimators under mild assumptions, thus allowing for identifying the best treatment combination when only observing a few combinations. To empirically validate our method, we then collaborate with a large-scale video-sharing platform and implement our framework for three experiments involving three treatments where each combination of treatments is tested. When only observing a subset of treatment combinations, our DeDL approach significantly outperforms other benchmarks to accurately estimate and infer the average treatment effect (ATE) of any treatment combination and to identify the optimal treatment combination.","PeriodicalId":210555,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117294153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Equitable stable matchings under modular assessment","authors":"A. Alkan, Kemal Yildiz","doi":"10.1145/3580507.3597684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3580507.3597684","url":null,"abstract":"An important feature of matching markets is that there typically exist many stable matchings. These matchings have a remarkable orderliness property in two-sided markets. They form a lattice according to the group preferences of one side that is opposite to the group preferences of the other side. The two extremal matchings, optimal for one side pessimal for the other, bear extreme inequity. Nonetheless, research and applications in the area mostly involved the extremal matchings and much less so the \"middle\" of the stable matchings where inequity may be resolved. This is partly because the optimal stable matching has proved very useful in applications on account of its algorithmic properties. It is also because the \"middle\" has proved challenging definitionally as well as computationally.","PeriodicalId":210555,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128359506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Graphon Games with Multiple Equilibria: Analysis and Computation","authors":"Kiran Rokade, F. Parise","doi":"10.1145/3580507.3597666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3580507.3597666","url":null,"abstract":"Large networks of decision makers (players) are ubiquitous in the modern world due to the ease of connectivity between people and computers alike. Naturally, the decisions of players in these networks are influenced by the decisions of their neighbours. These situations can be modeled as network games. When we consider games played on very large networks, two problems emerge: (i) the network may be unknown, (ii) the network may be very large in size and hence computing the Nash equilibria of such network games can be prohibitive. To obviate these issues, the framework of graphon games was introduced in [1] to model interactions among a continuum of players (mapped in [0,1]). A graphon is a function W : [0, 1]2 → [0,1], where W(x,y) represents the strength of the connection between infinitesimal players x, y ∈ [0,1]. A graphon can also be seen as a model for sampling random networks. Building on this second interpretation, [1] showed that the Nash equilibria of graphon games (graphon equilibria) are good approximations of the Nash equilibria of network games in which agents interact according to a network sampled from the graphon (sampled network equilibria). We here generalize such convergence results beyond games with a unique equilibrium and provide new results on computing graphon equilibria when the graphon game has some structure.","PeriodicalId":210555,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129317735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regret and Information Avoidance","authors":"Zichang Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4269560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4269560","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical evidence suggests that individuals selectively avoid information depending on past choices. We address these findings by studying an agent whose choice behavior can be modeled as if she trades off two conflicting effects of information. The first is a psychological cost from the regret about past choices that are revealed to be suboptimal by the information, whereas the second is the instrumental value of information for making better-informed choices in the future. Our main axioms reflect the agent's desire to have fewer options before the arrival of information and to have more options after the arrival of information. We also posit axioms that connect the agent's consumption choice with her information choice. We show that all parameters can be uniquely identified from the choice behavior. We also provide comparative statics on the agent's information aversion attitude.","PeriodicalId":210555,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129644589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Online Resource Allocation with Buyback: Optimal Algorithms via Primal-Dual","authors":"Farbod Ekbatani, Yiding Feng, Rad Niazadeh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4245468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4245468","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by applications in cloud computing spot markets and selling banner ads on popular websites, we study the online resource allocation problem with costly buyback. To model this problem, we consider the classic edge-weighted fractional online matching problem with a tweak, where the decision maker can recall (i.e., buyback) any fraction of an offline resource that is pre-allocated to an earlier online vertex; however, by doing so not only the decision maker loses the previously allocated reward (which equates the edge-weight), it also has to pay a non-negative constant factor f of this edge-weight as an extra penalty. Parameterizing the problem by the buyback factor f, our main result is obtaining optimal competitive algorithms for all possible values of f through a novel primal-dual family of algorithms. We establish the optimality of our results by obtaining separate lower-bounds for each of small and large buyback factor regimes, and showing how our primal-dual algorithm exactly matches this lower-bound by appropriately tuning a parameter as a function of f. The optimal competitive ratio Γgen(f) and the optimal competitive ratio Γdet-int(f) of deterministic integral algorithms are as follows, [EQUATION] where W−1 : [−1/e, 0) → (−∞, −1] is the non-principal branch of the Lambert W function.","PeriodicalId":210555,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","volume":"180 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114017965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Existence of Myopic-Farsighted Stable Sets in Matching Markets","authors":"Battal Doğan, Lars Ehlers","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4354768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4354768","url":null,"abstract":"We consider decentralized one-to-one matching markets with myopic and farsighted agents. We study myopic-farsighted stable sets that are internally and externally stable when myopic agents only care about their immediate payoffs, while farsighted agents take into account further possible reactions and care about their long-run payoffs when considering possible deviations. We constructively prove the existence of myopic-farsighted stable sets for any problem where there are farsighted agents only on one side of the market, while there may be myopic agents on both sides. We prove that a myopic-farsighted stable set may not exist when there are farsighted agents on both sides of the market and there is at least one myopic agent. Our analysis is in contrast to the earlier literature which considers only the extreme cases where either all agents are myopic, or all agents are farsighted, or all agents on one side are myopic and all agents on the other side are farsighted. Our results have several implications pertaining to core-stability and singleton stable sets, and yield numerous results from the literature as immediate corollaries. Finally, we extend several results to weakly stable sets and to many-to-one matching markets.","PeriodicalId":210555,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127995893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic Concern for Misspecification","authors":"Giacomo Lanzani","doi":"10.1145/3580507.3597804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3580507.3597804","url":null,"abstract":"We consider an agent that repeatedly chooses among actions whose payoffs have an unknown distribution. This choice is taken using an average of robust control assessments, where each assessment takes a different structured model as the benchmark. We introduce endogeneity in the misspecification concern: the better the structured models explain the past, the less concerned the agent is.","PeriodicalId":210555,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139361943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Re-examining Moral Hazard under Inattention: New Evidence from Behavioral Data in Auto Insurance","authors":"Yizhou Jin","doi":"10.1145/3580507.3597805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3580507.3597805","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses novel sensor data to study drivers' risky phone use behavior. The results challenge the conventional wisdom of moral hazard in insurance. We first identify handheld phone use behavior (\"HPU\") and quantify its causal impact on accident likelihood (\"riskiness\") using exhaustive fixed-effect models. We then find HPU to be risky but insensitive to both insurance coverage changes and weather shocks that increase its riskiness. This contradicts the prevailing theoretical prediction and empirical studies that have thus far relied on claims data alone. On the other hand, an experiment with a one-time text-message warning led to a persistent 15% HPU reduction. Drivers' inattention to risk thus limits moral hazard.","PeriodicalId":210555,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124580002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}