Regulation & Governance最新文献_第6页

European artificial intelligence “trusted throughout the world”: Risk-based regulation and the fashioning of a competitive common AI market 欧洲人工智能 "值得全世界信赖"：基于风险的监管与形成具有竞争力的共同人工智能市场

IF 3 2区社会学

Regulation & Governance Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12563

Regine Paul

{"title":"European artificial intelligence “trusted throughout the world”: Risk-based regulation and the fashioning of a competitive common AI market","authors":"Regine Paul","doi":"10.1111/rego.12563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12563","url":null,"abstract":"The European Commission has pioneered the coercive regulation of artificial intelligence (AI), including a proposal of banning some applications altogether on moral grounds. Core to its regulatory strategy is a nominally “risk-based” approach with interventions that are proportionate to risk levels. Yet, neither standard accounts of risk-based regulation as rational problem-solving endeavor nor theories of organizational legitimacy-seeking, both prominently discussed in <i>Regulation & Governance</i>, fully explain the Commission's attraction to the risk heuristic. This article responds to this impasse with three contributions. First, it enrichens risk-based regulation scholarship—beyond AI—with a firm foundation in constructivist and critical political economy accounts of emerging tech regulation to capture the performative politics of defining and enacting risk vis-à-vis global economic competitiveness. Second, it conceptualizes the role of risk analysis within a <i>Cultural Political Economy</i> framework: as a powerful epistemic tool for the discursive and regulatory differentiation of an uncertain regulatory terrain (semiosis and structuration) which the Commission wields in its pursuit of a future common European AI market. Thirdly, the paper offers an in-depth empirical reconstruction of the Commission's risk-based semiosis and structuration in AI regulation through qualitative analysis of a substantive sample of documents and expert interviews. This finds that the Commission's use of risk analysis, outlawing some AI uses as matters of deep value conflicts and tightly controlling (at least discursively) so-called high-risk AI systems, enables Brussels to fashion its desired trademark of European “cutting-edge AI … trusted throughout the world” in the first place.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138714208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brandeis in Brussels? Bureaucratic discretion, social learning, and the development of regulated competition in the European Union 布鲁塞尔的布兰代斯？官僚自由裁量权、社会学习和欧盟规范竞争的发展

IF 3 2区社会学

Regulation & Governance Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12570

Chase Foster, Kathleen Thelen

引用次数: 0

Political studies of automated governing: A bird's eye (re)view 自动化管理的政治研究:鸟瞰(回顾)

IF 3 2区社会学

Regulation & Governance Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12569

Andreas Öjehag-Pettersson, Vanja Carlssson, Malin Rönnblom

引用次数: 0

Regulating for trust: Can law establish trust in artificial intelligence? 监管信任:法律能否建立对人工智能的信任?

IF 3 2区社会学

Regulation & Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12568

Aurelia Tamò-Larrieux, Clement Guitton, Simon Mayer, Christoph Lutz

{"title":"Regulating for trust: Can law establish trust in artificial intelligence?","authors":"Aurelia Tamò-Larrieux, Clement Guitton, Simon Mayer, Christoph Lutz","doi":"10.1111/rego.12568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12568","url":null,"abstract":"The current political and regulatory discourse frequently references the term “trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI).” In Europe, the attempts to ensure trustworthy AI started already with the High-Level Expert Group Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI and have now merged into the regulatory discourse on the EU AI Act. Around the globe, policymakers are actively pursuing initiatives—as the US Executive Order on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy AI, or the Bletchley Declaration on AI showcase—based on the premise that the right regulatory strategy can shape trust in AI. To analyze the validity of this premise, we propose to consider the broader literature on trust in automation. On this basis, we constructed a framework to analyze 16 factors that impact trust in AI and automation more broadly. We analyze the interplay between these factors and disentangle them to determine the impact regulation can have on each. The article thus provides policymakers and legal scholars with a foundation to gauge different regulatory strategies, notably by differentiating between those strategies where regulation is more likely to also influence trust on AI (e.g., regulating the types of tasks that AI may fulfill) and those where its influence on trust is more limited (e.g., measures that increase awareness of complacency and automation biases). Our analysis underscores the critical role of nuanced regulation in shaping the human-automation relationship and offers a targeted approach to policymakers to debate how to streamline regulatory efforts for future AI governance.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138475732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Institutional sources of legitimacy in multistakeholder global governance at ICANN ICANN多利益相关方全球治理合法性的制度来源

IF 3 2区社会学

Regulation & Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12565

Hortense Jongen, Jan Aart Scholte

{"title":"Institutional sources of legitimacy in multistakeholder global governance at ICANN","authors":"Hortense Jongen, Jan Aart Scholte","doi":"10.1111/rego.12565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12565","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a novel systematic exploration of ways and extents that institutional characteristics shape legitimacy beliefs toward multistakeholder global governance. Multistakeholderism is often argued to offer institutional advantages over intergovernmental multilateralism in handling global problems. This study examines whether, in practice, perceptions of institutional purpose, procedure, and performance affect legitimacy assessments regarding this form of global governance. The analysis focuses on the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), one of the largest and most institutionally developed global multistakeholder arrangements. Evidence comes from a mixed-methods survey of 467 participants in ICANN. We find that this representative sample accords high importance in principle to many institutional features, and also rates the actual institutional operations of ICANN quite highly on various counts. Moreover, many institutional characteristics associate significantly with participants' legitimacy beliefs toward ICANN. However, not all institutional qualities have this significance, and the relevance of individual- and societal-level circumstances indicates that institutional sources do not provide a full explanation of legitimacy. The article contributes refinements to theory of legitimacy in global governance; demonstrates the value of mixed-methods survey work in this field; supplies unique original data and analysis; and identifies implications for the politics of (de)legitimation around multistakeholderism.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138455894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performing central bank independence: The Bank of England's communicative financial stability strategy 执行中央银行独立性:英格兰银行的沟通金融稳定战略

IF 3 2区社会学

Regulation & Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12564

Andrew Baker, Andrew Hindmoor, Sean McDaniel

{"title":"Performing central bank independence: The Bank of England's communicative financial stability strategy","authors":"Andrew Baker, Andrew Hindmoor, Sean McDaniel","doi":"10.1111/rego.12564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12564","url":null,"abstract":"Central bank independence (CBI) has been one of the most significant regulatory state developments of the last three decades. Following the 2008 financial crisis, many central bank mandates were extended to include a responsibility for financial stability. Some commentators claim this jeopardizes CBI by drawing central banks into contested political issues that can impact financial stability, in what we term an independence in decline thesis. Through a detailed study of the Bank of England's financial stability communications employing the Comparative Agendas Project (CAP) codebook, we subject this independence in decline thesis to scrutiny. We show that since the extension of the Bank's mandate in 2011, Bank officials have discussed a wider range of more contentious policy issues. However, these communications appear to date to have largely reinforced the Bank's reputation for technical competence and political neutrality. In this sense, central bank “communicative agency” can be deployed to protect CBI performatively, while CBI can in turn be studied and understood as an ongoing communicative performance act. We find that repoliticization is a more contingent process than much central banking literature has allowed for, while financial stability communications are a potentially powerful regulatory instrument deserving of more scholarly attention.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138455893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mitigating microtargeting: Political microtargeting law in Australia and New Zealand 减轻微目标:澳大利亚和新西兰的政治微目标法律

IF 3 2区社会学

Regulation & Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12566

Melissa-Ellen Dowling

{"title":"Mitigating microtargeting: Political microtargeting law in Australia and New Zealand","authors":"Melissa-Ellen Dowling","doi":"10.1111/rego.12566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12566","url":null,"abstract":"To the detriment of liberal democracy, governments have struggled to prevent the exploitation of personal data for voter manipulation in the digital era. Laws pertaining to political microtargeting are often piecemeal and tend to derive from a combination of laws on electoral advertising and privacy. Evidence indicates that this approach is insufficient to curtail microtargeting. However, little is known about the regulation of microtargeting outside of the European and US contexts within which the bulk of anti-microtargeting research has been undertaken. Accordingly, this paper aims to shed light on the preparedness of the law in Australia and New Zealand to mitigate the potential harms of political microtargeting. A comparative analysis of legislation pertaining to microtargeting is therefore undertaken using a blended approach of comparative law and content analysis. This paper: (1) identifies current legislation relevant to microtargeting in Australia and New Zealand; (2) assesses patterns of similarity and difference between each country's laws in relation to microtargeting; and (3) evaluates the preparedness of current legislation to curtail microtargeting in an evolving social media landscape. It finds that in both countries, legislation is sufficiently robust to mitigate microtargeting in some limited circumstances, but a cohesive regulatory approach is needed to constrain the most insidious microtargeting operations.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138455892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global contagion risk and IMF credit cycles: Emergency exits and revolving doors 全球传染风险与IMF信贷周期:紧急出口和旋转门

2区社会学

Regulation & Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12562

Stephen B. Kaplan, Sujeong Shim

引用次数: 0

Distributive politics and electoral advantage in the 2022 Australian election 2022年澳大利亚大选中的分配政治和选举优势

IF 3 2区社会学

Regulation & Governance Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12561

Ian McAllister, Nicholas Biddle

引用次数: 0

Affidavit aversion: Public preferences for trust-based policy instruments 厌恶宣誓书:公众对基于信任的政策工具的偏好

IF 3 2区社会学

Regulation & Governance Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12560

Rinat Hilo-Merkovich, Eyal Peer, Yuval Feldman

引用次数: 0