{"title":"Systemic Imbalances in Integrity Management Systems: A Meso‐Level Framework From Four Corruption Scandals","authors":"Georgios Kominis, Adina Dudau, Alvise Favotto, Denisse Rodriguez‐Olivari","doi":"10.1111/rego.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70201","url":null,"abstract":"Integrity management systems (IMSs) are increasingly promoted to embed ethical conduct, mitigate corruption risks, and strengthen organizational accountability. Yet empirical evidence on their effectiveness remains sparse and contradictory, offering little insight into how these systems operate in practice and why they often fail in heavily formalized organizational settings. This paper addresses that gap by developing a meso‐level framework for diagnosing systemic imbalances in IMSs. Drawing on systems theory and management control literature, we conceptualize IMSs as an integrity management package structured through four levers: belief, boundary, diagnostic, and interactive systems of control. We deploy this framework through an explanatory, multi‐case design spanning four major corruption scandals in infrastructure, defense, healthcare, and banking in the UK, Italy, Greece, and the Nordic–Baltic region, drawing on a triangulated dataset built through systematic web scraping. The cross‐case analysis shows that integrity failures are not explained simply by the absence of formal controls, but by recurring imbalances among control levers. Organizations tend to privilege boundary and diagnostic systems, such as rules, procedures, monitoring, and performance metrics, while under‐investing in belief and interactive systems that should enable ethical culture, dialogue, challenge, and learning. We theorize this imbalance as a compliance façade: formally robust but weakly embedded in organizational practice. The paper thereby reframes the compliance versus values debate in ethics scholarship, offering the first empirically grounded, cross‐sectoral model of how integrity is embedded, sustained, and undermined in organizations, with implications for redesigning IMSs across public, private, and hybrid settings.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ina Kubbe, Stoyan Panov, Wisnu Setiadi Nugroho, Fatih Kırşanlı
{"title":"Corruption and Uneven Development: Why Anti‐Corruption Fails in the EU 's Most Vulnerable Regions","authors":"Ina Kubbe, Stoyan Panov, Wisnu Setiadi Nugroho, Fatih Kırşanlı","doi":"10.1111/rego.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70199","url":null,"abstract":"This article challenges the assumption that legal harmonization within the European Union ensures effective anti‐corruption governance. Despite EU‐compliant frameworks, institutional integrity remains highly uneven across subnational territories. We introduce the Regional Integrity Framework (RIF), a diagnostic approach that integrates citizen perceptions, procurement indicators, and enforcement activation measures to capture regional integrity performance. The analysis suggests that formal convergence can conceal functional divergence, as peripheral regions often exhibit weaker administrative capacity, limited oversight, and uneven institutional activation. A mixed‐methods application that combines panel analysis with an illustrative comparison of Sofia and Vidin, Bulgaria, demonstrates how the RIF can diagnose territorial integrity gaps within a shared legal framework. Conceptually, the study reframes anti‐corruption as a territorially embedded problem of institutional activation; methodologically, it offers a transferable framework for identifying enforcement asymmetries and governance disparities in multi‐level systems.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148858818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Legislative Financial Asset Disclosure, Firm Motivations, and Macroeconomic Outcomes in the US States","authors":"Justin H. Kirkland, Patrick E. Shea","doi":"10.1111/rego.70203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70203","url":null,"abstract":"Financial asset disclosure laws are widely implemented to combat conflicts of interest among policymakers, yet their economic impact remains poorly understood. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of how these transparency measures affect macroeconomic outcomes across the 50 US states. We theorize that these disclosure and recusal laws could have divergent impacts on macroeconomic performance: they might enhance economic outcomes by curtailing the exploitation of political connections by business firms, or conversely, they could impede economic growth by altering firm behavior and deterring business leaders from seeking public office, thereby potentially reducing the pool of economically savvy policymakers. Using new data on state‐level disclosure policies, we find that asset disclosure laws are associated with a worsening macroeconomic environment in states. To uncover the mechanisms driving these counterintuitive results, we conduct two pre‐registered survey experiments with 2000 small business owners. Our experimental evidence suggests that stringent disclosure requirements deter business investment and expansion. This research has implications for legislative challenges for legislative design, transparency, and economic policy.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Legal Corruption in the Government: An Experimental Study on the Role of Civil Servants' Political Ideology","authors":"Kee Hoon Chung, Don S. Lee, Soonae Park","doi":"10.1111/rego.70200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70200","url":null,"abstract":"Legal corruption, also known as institutional corruption, has become prevalent in the public sector, but empirical research on this subject is still at a nascent stage. Given its potentially detrimental impact on the perceived level of organizational capacity among internal members, understanding civil servants' views of legal corruption is essential. We contribute to this literature a discussion of civil servants' assessment of legal corruption in the government and evidence from a survey experiment with more than 2000 South Korean civil servants. The results of our analysis suggest that civil servants evaluate the degree of legal corruption in the government through their political lens, that is, their political ideology. Specifically, they tend to be more critical when the government is ruled by a chief executive and party that have different political views from their own, compared to when it is governed by those with the same political views. The implications of this study are clear: the central role of political views and policy preferences in understanding perceptions of legal corruption in the public sector.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean‐Frédéric Morin, Philippe Evoy, Cynthia Couette
{"title":"The Rational Design of Space Agreements: How Bilateralism Shapes Powerful States' Design Preferences","authors":"Jean‐Frédéric Morin, Philippe Evoy, Cynthia Couette","doi":"10.1111/rego.70202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70202","url":null,"abstract":"The global governance of outer space relies heavily on international agreements, yet the institutional forms of these agreements remain underexplored. This article introduces a new dataset on various design features of 952 space agreements, offering the first large‐N overview of institutional design in space governance. Building on rational design theory, this article analyzes how these design features interact with one another and with negotiation structures. Our results reveal systematic trade‐offs and suggest that power asymmetry has contrasting effects depending on the context: Powerful states tend to favor greater delegation, precision, and enforcement in bilateral agreements, while often resisting them in multilateral settings. These findings underscore the importance of accounting for both power dynamics and bilateralism, two contextual factors often overlooked in rational design theory. By making the dataset publicly available, the article seeks to foster further research on the causes and consequences of institutional variation in space governance and to advance comparative institutionalist scholarship across issue‐areas of global governance.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Civil Servants' Compliance with Conflict‐of‐Interest Regulation: Evidence from a List Experiment","authors":"Don S. Lee, Minsung Michael Kang, Soonae Park","doi":"10.1111/rego.70197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70197","url":null,"abstract":"While regulatory governance scholarship has paid significant attention to the normative importance of ethics reform in government, empirical evidence on compliance remains scant. Drawing on insights from the social value activation model and behavioral ethics, this study examines civil servants' compliance propensity under conflict‐of‐interest regulation. Specifically, we examine how a legitimate ethics reform is associated with the voluntary compliance of two legally treated groups: those with policy implementation duties and those with frequent stakeholder engagement. The results of our list experiment with a representative sample of South Korean civil servants ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 1977) show that both target groups exhibit higher estimated compliance propensity with the second provision of the Act, restricted and prohibited actions, but that only policy implementation duties are associated with higher compliance propensity with the first provision, reporting and disclosure obligations. Our findings suggest that ethics reform compliance is shaped not only by formal rules and deterrence, but also by administrative role exposure, perceived legitimacy, and the value‐based dimension of civil servants.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why Comply? Explaining Sectoral Patterns in GRECO 'S Anti‐Corruption Recommendations","authors":"Susana Coroado, Robert Gillanders","doi":"10.1111/rego.70198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70198","url":null,"abstract":"Why do states vary in their compliance with international anti‐corruption recommendations? Research often treats the state as a unitary actor and explains variation at country‐level. This article challenges that assumption by examining variation in compliance across institutional sectors within countries. Using original data from the Council of Europe's Group of States against Corruption (GRECO), the analysis shows a clear sectoral pattern. Recommendations addressed to prosecutors are implemented most frequently, followed by those targeting judges, while recommendations directed at members of parliament show the lowest levels of compliance. The article explains this variation through the political economy of target compliance. Reform outcomes depend on the interaction between the political costs imposed by reform and the degree of control that targeted actors exercise over its implementation. We find little evidence that country‐level factors shape reform outcomes, while sector‐specific incentives provide a stronger explanation for compliance patterns. By highlighting the importance of the target population, the article contributes to research on international compliance, anti‐corruption governance, and international monitoring mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148767498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does Corruption Increase Inequality? Evidence From a European Fact‐Based Assessment","authors":"Iva Parvanova, Alina Mungiu‐Pippidi","doi":"10.1111/rego.70196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70196","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines whether government favoritism in public procurement generates negative social costs, even within redistributive institutional frameworks such as the European Union. Rather than relying on perception‐based corruption indicators, we employ an objective proxy of corruption risk—the share of awarded public contracts which received only one bid. This measure captures non‐competitive allocation and mitigates reverse causality concerns. Using static and dynamic fixed effects panel models, we find that procurement favoritism is systematically associated with adverse social outcomes across EU member states. Specifically, we document robust, statistically significant negative effects on educational attainment, income inequality, and poverty. Our results suggest that governance quality—and not merely the volume of public expenditure—is a critical determinant of social development, and that distortions in procurement processes can undermine the effectiveness of public spending even where formal cohesion commitments exist.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148717604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Persson, Therese Reitan, Jenny Cisneros Örnberg
{"title":"A Duty to Care or a Duty to Comply? Gambling Operators' Interpretation of the Legal Concept of Duty of Care and Their Responsibility for Preventing Gambling‐Related Harm","authors":"Maria Persson, Therese Reitan, Jenny Cisneros Örnberg","doi":"10.1111/rego.70195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70195","url":null,"abstract":"From the perspective of negotiated governance, this study examines how companies respond to regulatory measures that combine hard and soft elements, assigning them greater responsibility for addressing social problems. Focusing on the Swedish gambling market, the study analyzes gambling operators' interpretation of the legal concept of duty of care. While this duty obliges operators to protect gamblers from excessive gambling, what it entails in practice and how responsibilities are understood are largely left to operators to define. Guided by the concept of responsibility, the analysis shows that interpretations vary and it is unclear what duty of care aims to prevent. Despite variations, duty of care is often framed in terms of responsible gambling, thereby individualizing responsibility for gambling‐related harm, and the action plans largely describe compliance with other legal requirements. In conclusion, the findings suggest a need for greater regulatory clarity regarding the normative foundations of duty of care regulation.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bold Claims, Low Wages: Why Voluntary Sustainability Standards ( VSS ) Struggle to Implement Living Wages","authors":"Elizabeth A. Bennett","doi":"10.1111/rego.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70180","url":null,"abstract":"Voluntary sustainability standards (VSS)—such as Fairtrade International and the Forest Stewardship Council—aim to improve sustainability in global supply chains by setting high social and environmental standards and certifying businesses that adopt them. This article examines why some VSS adopt ambitious goals for living wages or living incomes yet continue to certify businesses that only pay a minimum wage. Drawing on previous literature, it offers a typology of five ways that VSS can decouple. Drawing on documents, interviews, and participant observation, it offers detailed case studies of how five VSS have engaged in the coupling and decoupling of wage standards. The research identifies four drivers of decoupling: priorities that complete, costs of coupling, low risk of decoupling, and anticipation that coupling will be easier in the future. It also describes several factors that influence these drivers. Finally, it shows how decoupling may paradoxically facilitate progress, while pressure to fully couple may inhibit transformative change, and concludes with recommendations for avoiding empty claims while harnessing aspirational standards.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}