Radiocarbon最新文献_第10页

ACHIEVING LOW BACKGROUNDS DURING COMPOUND-SPECIFIC HYDROXYPROLINE DATING: HPLC COLUMN EFFECTS 在化合物特异性羟脯氨酸测年过程中实现低背景:高效液相色谱柱效应

3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.86

Bethan Linscott, Luke Spindler, Jamie Cameron, David Chivall, Rachel Wood

{"title":"ACHIEVING LOW BACKGROUNDS DURING COMPOUND-SPECIFIC HYDROXYPROLINE DATING: HPLC COLUMN EFFECTS","authors":"Bethan Linscott, Luke Spindler, Jamie Cameron, David Chivall, Rachel Wood","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.86","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating is central to the development of robust chronologies in archaeological and paleoenvironmental contexts spanning the last 50,000 years. For dates to be accurate, samples must be free of exogenous carbon contamination. At the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU), considerable advancements in the dating of bone collagen have been made through the development of a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the dating of the amino acid hydroxyproline, which can mitigate the effects of carbon contamination. However, recent changes in ligand manufacturing methods for the mixed-mode column used in the ORAU protocol (Primesep A, SIELC Technologies; IL, USA) have resulted in unacceptably high analytical backgrounds. Prior to the manufacturing change, backgrounds of > 50k BP were achievable. Since the manufacturing change, a mean background of 32.5k BP has been measured. Due to column bleed, the Primesep A is therefore no longer suitable for 14 C measurement of hydroxyproline from older material. Here, we present background data and the chromatography conditions used to isolate hydroxyproline using an alternative column, a preparative-scale Newcrom AH, which shows promising potential as an alternative for the routine isolation and AMS dating of hydroxyproline—especially approaching the age and mass limits of the method.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"145 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BONE POINTS IN TIME: DATING HUNTER-GATHERER BONE POINTS IN THE TERRITORY OF LITHUANIA 骨点的时间:确定立陶宛境内狩猎采集者骨点的年代

3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.97

Tomas Rimkus, Berit Valentin Eriksen, John Meadows, Christian Hamann

{"title":"BONE POINTS IN TIME: DATING HUNTER-GATHERER BONE POINTS IN THE TERRITORY OF LITHUANIA","authors":"Tomas Rimkus, Berit Valentin Eriksen, John Meadows, Christian Hamann","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.97","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bone points were one of the major hunting implements in northern European hunter-gatherer societies. They differ in shapes, types, and manufacturing techniques. In this paper, we investigate 22 bone points from the territory of Lithuania, by studying their morpho-technological characteristics, direct dates, and adhesive residues. The majority are isolated finds, but four points were selected from excavated archaeological sites dated between the 5th and 3rd millennia cal BC. Most of the points belong to the barbed points category, but six slotted points were also studied. Of the 22, 16 previously undated points were sampled for accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14 C) dating. The results of 10 successfully dated samples are discussed together with previously published 14 C dates of bone points from the same region. ATR-FTIR analysis of adhesive residues from six points suggest that birch bark tar was used to haft barbed points and lithic inserts. The results reveal the diversity of types of Early Holocene bone points in the territory of Lithuania, while the slotted and Kunda-type bone points fall into narrow timeframes.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"149 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DATING OF WOODEN HERITAGE OBJECTS IN THE GLIWICE ¹⁴C AND MASS SPECTROMETRY LABORATORY 在gliwice 14c和质谱实验室中测定木质文物的年代

3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.91

Natalia Piotrowska, Marzena Kłusek, Piotr Boroń, Ewelina Imiołczyk, Mateusz Budziakowski, Adrian Poloczek, Agata Poloczek-Imielińska, Marian Jaksik

{"title":"DATING OF WOODEN HERITAGE OBJECTS IN THE GLIWICE 14C AND MASS SPECTROMETRY LABORATORY","authors":"Natalia Piotrowska, Marzena Kłusek, Piotr Boroń, Ewelina Imiołczyk, Mateusz Budziakowski, Adrian Poloczek, Agata Poloczek-Imielińska, Marian Jaksik","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.91","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We present case studies on three objects of high importance for cultural heritage in southern Poland, dated in years 2018–2022 at the Gliwice 14 C and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory with radiocarbon ( 14 C) and dendrochronology methods. The first was a richly ornamented wooden cane, discovered during excavations on the market in Bytom city. The cane can be associated with medieval court proceedings. The archaeological context indicates the 13th century AD, and the 14 C result corresponds perfectly with this time, confirming that it is the oldest object of this type in Poland. The second was a 4-m-tall oak column from St. Leonard Church in Lipnica Murowana, a UNESCO heritage site. The local story said it was previously devoted to Światowid, a pagan deity. Our analysis excluded the pre-Christian age, as the tree was felled no earlier than the late 15th century, which is in agreement with historical records. The third was a wooden Saint Lawrence Church in Bobrowniki. The presbytery was covered with up to five layers of polychromic paintings, some of high artistic value. We dated three samples from the original wooden board, and by wiggle-matching, the calibrated age interval was narrowed to 1731–1754 cal AD.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"25 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A NEW RAMPED OXIDATION-¹⁴C ANALYSIS FACILITY AT THE NEIF RADIOCARBON LABORATORY, EAST KILBRIDE, UK 英国东基尔布赖德neif放射性碳实验室的新斜坡氧化- 14c分析设备

3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.96

M H Garnett, R Pereira, C Taylor, C Murray, P L Ascough

{"title":"A NEW RAMPED OXIDATION-14C ANALYSIS FACILITY AT THE NEIF RADIOCARBON LABORATORY, EAST KILBRIDE, UK","authors":"M H Garnett, R Pereira, C Taylor, C Murray, P L Ascough","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.96","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sample materials such as sediments and soils contain complex mixtures of different carbon-containing compounds. These bulk samples can be split into individual fractions, based on the temperature of thermal decomposition of their components. When coupled with radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurement of the isolated fractions, this approach offers the advantage of directly investigating the residence time, turnover time, source, or age of the different components within a mixed sample, providing important insights to better understand the cycling of carbon in the environment. Several laboratories have previously reported different approaches to separate radiocarbon samples based on temperature in what is a growing area of interest within the research community. Here, we report the design and operation of a new ramped oxidation facility for separation of sample carbon on the basis of thermal resistance at the NEIF Radiocarbon Laboratory in East Kilbride, UK. Our new instrumentation shares some characteristics with the previously-reported systems applying ramped oxidation and/or ramped pyrolysis for radiocarbon measurement, but also has several differences which we describe and discuss. We also present the results of a thorough program of testing of the new system, which demonstrates both the reproducibility of the thermograms generated during sample combustion, and the reliability of the radiocarbon measurements obtained on individual sample fractions. This is achieved through quantification of the radiocarbon background and analysis of multiple standards of known 14 C content during standard operation of the instrumentation.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"37 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY OF THE RAMPART OF THE EARLY IRON AGE HILLFORT IN CHOTYNIEC NEAR RADYMNO (SOUTHEASTERN POLAND) IN THE CONTEXT OF RADIOCARBON DATING 在放射性碳定年的背景下，波兰东南部拉迪姆诺附近乔蒂涅克早期铁器时代丘陵堡垒的绝对年表

3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.87

Sylwester Czopek, Marek Krąpiec, Jacek Pawlyta, Tomasz Tokarczyk

引用次数: 0

NEW INSIGHTS INTO LATE PLEISTOCENE CAVE HYENA CHRONOLOGY AND POPULATION HISTORY—THE CASE OF PERSPEKTYWICZNA CAVE, POLAND 对晚更新世洞穴鬣狗年代学和种群历史的新认识——以波兰perspektywiczna洞穴为例

3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.89

Maciej T Krajcarz, Mateusz Baca, Chris Baumann, Hervé Bocherens, Tomasz Goslar, Danijela Popović, Magdalena Sudoł-Procyk, Magdalena Krajcarz

引用次数: 0

CHANGES IN FOSSIL CO₂ EMISSIONS IN MEXICO CITY DURING THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN DEDUCED FROM ATMOSPHERIC RADIOCARBON CONCENTRATIONS 根据大气放射性碳浓度推断，新冠肺炎封锁期间墨西哥城化石二氧化碳排放量的变化

3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.76

Laura E Beramendi-Orosco, Galia González-Hernández, Edith Cienfuegos, Francisco Otero

{"title":"CHANGES IN FOSSIL CO2 EMISSIONS IN MEXICO CITY DURING THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN DEDUCED FROM ATMOSPHERIC RADIOCARBON CONCENTRATIONS","authors":"Laura E Beramendi-Orosco, Galia González-Hernández, Edith Cienfuegos, Francisco Otero","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.76","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We present atmospheric radiocarbon concentrations in CO 2 integrated samples taken between January 2019 and December 2021 in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and explain the variations in terms of changes in emission sources associated with the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions imposed from March 2020. Δ 14 C values for samples collected during 2019 range between –44.15‰ and –13.17‰, with lower values during months with higher fossil fuels consumption and air stagnation, whereas higher values were found for periods with high number of fires around MCMA or wet months with higher contribution of heterotrophic respiration. For samples collected during 2020, Δ 14 C values range between –17.7‰ and 2.25‰, with an increasing trend immediately after the initial lockdown and higher values obtained for samples collected during lockdown phases 2 and 3 and the period of extremely high epidemic risk. This agrees with the 38% and 52% decrease in gasoline and diesel sales. Once essential activities gradually opened from July 2020, Δ 14 C follow a decreasing trend as vehicle traffic started to increase again. Δ 14 C values for samples collected during 2021 range from –32.89‰ to –10.27‰, with the higher value obtained during a period of extremely high epidemic risk with a 30% reduction in gasoline and diesel consumption. Despite the complexity of emission sources in MCMA, from Δ 14 C variations it was possible to identify changes in fossil CO 2 emissions resulting from the significant reduction in vehicle traffic due to the COVID-19 lockdown and the restrictions imposed to control transmission of the disease.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136209001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RIVERSAND: A NEW TOOL FOR EFFICIENT COMPUTATION OF CATCHMENTWIDE EROSION RATES 河田:一个有效计算流域侵蚀率的新工具

3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.74

Konstanze Stübner, Greg Balco, Nils Schmeisser

{"title":"RIVERSAND: A NEW TOOL FOR EFFICIENT COMPUTATION OF CATCHMENTWIDE EROSION RATES","authors":"Konstanze Stübner, Greg Balco, Nils Schmeisser","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.74","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In-situ cosmogenic 10 Be (and 26 Al) concentrations in alluvial sediments provide a spatially averaged signal of the erosion rate of the catchment area. Catchmentwide erosion rates reflect the production rate of the entire basin, and their calculation requires knowledge of the complete production rate model. Available calculators determine production rates on a pixel-based approach and achieve computational efficiency by relying on a scaling method that ignores geomagnetic field strength variations. Here we introduce a new python-based tool that determines erosion rates based on the hypsometry of the catchment. The method relies on the fact that production rates are much more sensitive to changes in elevation than latitude. Our tool has two main advantages: (1) computation time is short (<30 seconds) and independent of the scaling method; there is no need to neglect magnetic field variations, and (2) because production rate scaling is performed by a widely used online calculator, the results are fully comparable to exposure ages or point-based erosion rates determined with the same calculator; future updates to production rate scaling are immediately effective for catchmentwide erosion rate calculation. We demonstrate in two case studies that (1) for similar scaling methods, our calculator reproduces pixel-based results within a few percent, and (2) erosion rates determined with different scaling methods may differ by >20%, differences can vary systematically with erosion rate, and using a time-constant scaling method may result in a bias in the interpretation of catchmentwide erosion rates.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"0 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS OF SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS VIA DIRECT CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION 直接氯仿萃取法测定土壤微生物生物量的放射性碳分析

3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.80

Kari M Finstad, Erin E Nuccio, Katherine E Grant, Taylor A B Broek, Jennifer Pett-Ridge, Karis J McFarlane

{"title":"RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS OF SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS VIA DIRECT CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION","authors":"Kari M Finstad, Erin E Nuccio, Katherine E Grant, Taylor A B Broek, Jennifer Pett-Ridge, Karis J McFarlane","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.80","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Microbial processing of soil organic matter is a significant driver of C cycling, yet we lack an understanding of what shapes the turnover of this large terrestrial pool. In part, this is due to limited options for accurately identifying the source of C assimilated by microbial communities. Laboratory incubations are the most common method for this; however, they can introduce artifacts due to sample disruption and processing and can take months to produce sufficient CO 2 for analysis. We present a biomass extraction method which allows for the direct 14 C analysis of microbial biomolecules and compare the results to laboratory incubations. In the upper 50 cm soil depths, the Δ 14 C from incubations was indistinguishable from that of extracted microbial biomass. Below 50 cm, the Δ 14 C of the biomass was more depleted than that of the incubations, either due to the stimulation of labile C decomposition in the incubations, the inclusion of biomolecules from non-living cells in the biomass extractions, or differences in C used for assimilation versus respiration. Our results suggest that measurement of Δ 14 C of microbial biomass extracts can be a useful alternative to soil incubations.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135831084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CHRONOLOGY OF THE VOLCHIA GRIVA MEGAFAUNAL LOCALITY AND PALEOLITHIC SITE (WESTERN SIBERIA) AND THE ISSUE OF HUMAN OCCUPATION OF SIBERIA AT THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM 西伯利亚西部灰石岩巨型动物区址和旧石器时代遗址的年代学及末次盛冰期人类占领西伯利亚的问题

3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2023.82

Yaroslav V Kuzmin, Sergey V Leshchinskiy, Vasily N Zenin, Elena M Burkanova, Elya P Zazovskaya, Aleksandra S Samandrosova

{"title":"CHRONOLOGY OF THE VOLCHIA GRIVA MEGAFAUNAL LOCALITY AND PALEOLITHIC SITE (WESTERN SIBERIA) AND THE ISSUE OF HUMAN OCCUPATION OF SIBERIA AT THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM","authors":"Yaroslav V Kuzmin, Sergey V Leshchinskiy, Vasily N Zenin, Elena M Burkanova, Elya P Zazovskaya, Aleksandra S Samandrosova","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2023.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.82","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A summary of the chronology for the key paleontological and archaeological site of Volchia Griva in the southern part of the West Siberian Plain is presented. Currently, 42 reliable 14 C values have been generated on animal bones (37 14 C dates) and charcoal (5 14 C dates). Three stratigraphic levels of animal bones are established. The 14 C ages of the fossils are as follows: the upper level—ca. 10,620–12,520 BP; the middle level—ca. 13,700–17,800 BP; and the lower level—ca. 18,230–19,790 BP. The majority of animal fossils and artifacts are associated with the lower level. Based on the results obtained, we suggest that Upper Paleolithic people occupied the Volchia Griva site during the second part of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), ca. 18,200–19,800 BP, and perhaps occasionally afterwards. It is obvious that these humans were well adapted to the cold and dry climate of the LGM, as well as numerous other populations in Siberia south of 58°N. It is noteworthy that the youngest 14 C values on woolly mammoth are of ca. 10,620–11,815 BP, and this makes the Volchia Griva one of the latest mammoth refugia in northern Eurasia outside of the Arctic.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0