Reproductive biology最新文献

{"title":"Potential novel biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus in first and early second trimesters: A comprehensive review","authors":"Rabail Azhar Iqbal ,&nbsp;Sophia Nazir","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the commonly encountered medical disorders of pregnancy affecting women of childbearing age globally at an alarming rate and causing significant perinatal morbidity and adverse fetal outcomes. The intricate interchanges between genetic susceptibility, metabolic changes and environmental factors contribute to the altered β-cell function, insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism leading to hyperglycaemia in pregnancy. However, the precise etiology of GDM remains incompletely understood. There is a compelling need for the identification of GDM in at-risk pregnant females at an early stage to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Ongoing research has revealed numerous biomarkers that can be both predictive and diagnostic for GDM. This review aims to explore the various biomarkers that have increasing evidence for their use as predictors of GDM in the first and early second trimesters. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictive power of these biomarkers have been compared to identify the ideal candidate(s), despite the effect of confounding factors. Throughout this review, research gaps were highlighted and future research directions were suggested to accurately diagnose GDM through a panel of efficacious biomarkers well before the disease manifests in later pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 4","pages":"Article 101059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular docking of nano-curcumin to caspase-3 and caspase-9: Unraveling its cryoprotective mechanism in rabbit sperm extenders","authors":"Abdel-Khalek Kh A E. ,&nbsp;Saima Qadeer ,&nbsp;Sh.A. Gabr ,&nbsp;A.M. Shehabeldin ,&nbsp;A.E.B. Ghodaia ,&nbsp;Sara Latif ,&nbsp;Asma Ul Husna","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the cryoprotective mechanism of nano-curcumin (CRNPs) on rabbit sperm via molecular docking and to compare the effects of two extenders, Tris-egg yolk (TEYE) and Tris-soybean lecithin (TSBLE) supplemented with CRNPs on post thaw sperm quality. Molecular docking revealed strong binding of nano-curcumin to Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, suggesting its potential to inhibit pro-apoptotic activity. In silico toxicological profiling predicted a low acute toxicity for nano-curcumin (LD₅₀ = 2000mg/kg; class4). Semen from ten white New Zealand rabbits was collected and pooled, then divided between TEYE and TSBLE. Each extender was further supplemented with CRNPs (0, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 µg/mL). After equilibration, samples were cryopreserved and evaluated post-thaw using CASA and flow cytometry. Supplementation with 1.5 µg/mL CRNPs significantly (p &lt; 0.05) improved total, progressive, and rapid motility, normal morphology, motion velocities, and viability compared to the control. Although reductions in immotility, abnormal forms, apoptosis, and necrosis were observed, these differences were not significant (p &gt; 0.05). Both extenders significantly (p &lt; 0.05) enhanced antioxidant defense by increasing TAC, GPx, and SOD levels while reducing MDA and H₂O₂, with TSBLE showing slightly better performance. In conclusion, CRNPs at 1.5 µg/mL improved sperm motility, viability, morphology, and antioxidant status, likely by mitigating oxidative stress and apoptosis via caspase inhibition. Both extenders were effective, and further in vivo studies are needed to assess fertility outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 4","pages":"Article 101071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal variation in clock gene expression and progesterone secretion is inhibited under constant light conditions in Japanese Black cows","authors":"Tsuyoshi Otsuka ,&nbsp;Hiroki Mitsuishi ,&nbsp;Hiroki Onishi ,&nbsp;Masato Yayota","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The circadian clock is constructed by a transcription–translation feedback loop system of clock genes and regulates various reproductive physiological functions. Understanding the rhythms of clock gene expression is important for understanding biological rhythms. However, the <em>in vivo</em> clock gene expression rhythm in Japanese Black breeding cows has not yet been clarified. Herein, we investigated the circadian expression rhythm of clock genes in hair follicle cells in the hair roots of Japanese Black breeding cows. We found that the clock genes of Japanese Black breeding cows exhibit an expression rhythm with a period of approximately 24 h under natural light, similar to the pattern observed in mice and humans, and that this expression rhythm disappears under constant light conditions. Furthermore, since the expression levels of clock genes are significantly reduced in pregnant cows exposed to constant light conditions, we analysed the diurnal variation in the plasma concentration of progesterone, which plays an important role in maintaining pregnancy. We found that the progesterone secretion rhythm observed under natural light in pregnant cows also disappeared under constant light conditions. These results indicate that in Japanese Black breeding cows, clock genes exhibit a diurnal expression rhythm in response to light; this rhythm disappears under constant light conditions. These clock genes play important roles in the diurnal variation in hormone secretion by interacting with progesterone in the blood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 4","pages":"Article 101056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine ampullary and isthmic epithelial spheroids: proteomic profile and physiological features for in vitro studies of gamete-oviduct interactions","authors":"Coline Mahé ,&nbsp;Ludivine Marco ,&nbsp;Ludivine Laffont ,&nbsp;Marie-Véronique Demattei ,&nbsp;Karine Reynaud ,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Com ,&nbsp;Régis Lavigne ,&nbsp;Charles Pineau ,&nbsp;Marie Saint-Dizier","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After mating or insemination, spermatozoa reach the first part of the oviduct, known as the isthmus, where a subpopulation binds to the epithelial cilia, forming a reservoir. Then, spermatozoa migrate toward the ampulla, where additional interactions with cilia occur and fertilization takes place. Exploring sperm-oviduct interactions requires physiologically relevant <em>in vitro</em> models. Our goal was to characterize isthmic and ampullary epithelial spheroids in terms of cellular, proteomic and sperm binding properties. Spheroids measuring 100–150 µm in diameter, formed after a 3-day culture of pre-ovulatory oviduct mucosa fragments, were selected and analyzed for (i) epithelial, fibroblast and cilia markers by immunostaining, (ii) proteomic content by dia-PASEF nanoLC-MS/MS, and (iii) ability to interact with bull spermatozoa during a 6-h co-culture, assessed by confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Cells within both isthmic and ampullary spheroids showed positive immunostaining for cytokeratin and no staining for vimentin. Ampullary spheroids consistently exhibited a higher proportion of ciliated cells compared to isthmic spheroids (24.5 % vs 20 %; p &lt; 0.05; variation coefficients among replicates of 15 and 11 %, respectively). A total of 6914 proteins were quantified, of which 1010 (14 %) were differentially abundant between isthmic and ampullary spheroids. Following co-culture, 95–97 % of bound spermatozoa were attached by their head to cilia of both spheroid groups. The density of bound spermatozoa was on average 33–45 % higher on ampullary compared to isthmic spheroids (p &lt; 0.001). This study provides a well-differentiated oviduct epithelium model for <em>in vitro</em> investigations of gamete and embryo interactions with the oviduct.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 3","pages":"Article 101057"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective role of gallic acid in sperm health and environmentally induced male infertility: A narrative review of human-relevant and translational preclinical studies","authors":"Weitian Chen ,&nbsp;Junfeng Qiu ,&nbsp;Zhiming Hong ,&nbsp;Jinjun Yuan ,&nbsp;Quan Wang ,&nbsp;Wenbin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Male infertility has become a growing global concern due to the decline in sperm quality, largely influenced by environmental toxins, aging, and lifestyle factors. This comprehensive review investigates the potential protective effects of gallic acid (GA), a natural phenolic compound, against various forms of male infertility. GA’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties are explored in the context of sperm health and reproductive dysfunctions induced by environmental toxins, oxidative stress, and drug treatments. The paper highlights preclinical studies demonstrating GA’s ability to improve sperm quality, enhance testicular function, and restore hormonal balance. Key findings show that GA can mitigate testicular damage, reduce oxidative stress, and promote spermatogenesis in response to stressors such as chemotherapy, phthalates, and nicotine exposure. Moreover, GA’s potential in sperm cryopreservation and fertility preservation is also examined. This review emphasizes the therapeutic promise of GA as a natural agent in supporting male reproductive health and offers insight into its molecular mechanisms. These data collectively justify immediate clinical translation, specifically, well-controlled phase I/II trials that define GA’s optimal dose, safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy on validated reproductive endpoints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 3","pages":"Article 101055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical management of ovarian torsion in children: Detorsion, cyst/mass excision, and ovarian fixation","authors":"Serpil Sancar ,&nbsp;Meryem Anayurt ,&nbsp;Sabriye Dayı","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated surgical interventions based on the presence or absence of ovarian cysts or masses in pediatric and adolescent patients with ovarian torsion (OT) and analyzed their impact on retorsion development. A retrospective review was conducted on 25 ovaries from 23 patients under 18 years of age who underwent surgery for OT between July 2019 and January 2025. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 14), with ovarian or paraovarian cysts or masses that were excised; and Group 2 (n = 11), without detectable lesions. Detorsion was performed in all cases, and adnexal fixation was selectively applied based on intraoperative findings. All Group 1 patients underwent cyst or mass excision, and no retorsion was observed. All lesions were histologically benign. In Group 2, retorsion occurred in patients with high-risk features such as solitary ovary, elongated uteroovarian ligament, or a history of contralateral torsion. Uteroovarian ligament plication (UOP) was performed in four ovaries from three Group 2 patients. The difference in fixation rates between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.026). No postoperative complications were noted. Excision of associated cysts or masses may reduce recurrence in OT, while adnexal fixation appears to be a safe, feasible option for lesion-free patients with anatomical risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 3","pages":"Article 101054"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of dexamethasone on cellular stress responses caused by mild serum deprivation in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells","authors":"Weronika Broszkiewicz ,&nbsp;Jakub Beda ,&nbsp;Kamila Domińska","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dexamethasone (DEX), a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, is widely used for prostate cancer therapies, although its exact impact on androgen-independent prostate cancer cells remains unclear. As solid cancers are typically characterized by nutrient-deprived conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME), the present study examines the effect of DEX on stress responses in DU-145 and PC3 cells caused by mild serum deficiency. It was found that DEX limited the ability of prostate cancer cells to divide and deepened the G0 / G1 cell cycle arrest induced by serum deprivation; it also reduced adhesion by DU-145 and PC3 cells to extracellular matrix proteins, but did not increase migration. However, it improved the survival of androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells under conditions of mild serum deprivation by preventing apoptosis, reprogramming the glucose and lipid metabolism and restoring the inflammatory balance. We postulate that dexamethasone has a cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effect on androgen-independent prostate cancer cells and that it directs prostate cancer cells to a resting state. Treatment also carries a risk of minimal residual disease (MRD).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 3","pages":"Article 101053"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of sperm protamine gene expression and chromatin integrity in Nellore and Angus bulls","authors":"Carlos Alonso Paco Nagaki ,&nbsp;Thais Rose dos Santos Hamilton ,&nbsp;Camilla Mota Mendes ,&nbsp;Mayra Elena Ortiz D’Ávila Assumpção","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methodologies used to evaluate bull fertility often overlook sperm chromatin, a nuclear structure critical for reproductive success due to its DNA composition, which is tightly bound to nucleoproteins called protamines. In mammals, the ratio between Protamine 1 (PRM1) and Protamine 2 (PRM2) plays a pivotal role in male fertility, with imbalances linked to infertility in species such as humans and mice. While bull sperm chromatin was previously believed to contain only PRM1, recent findings have confirmed the presence of PRM2, prompting questions about the impact of the PRM1:PRM2 ratio on bull fertility. The present study hypothesizes that bull infertility may be associated with impaired protamination, resulting in imbalances between PRM1 and PRM2 gene expression. The objective was to compare the chromatin structure through protamine deficiency (CMA3), DNA susceptibility to fragmentation, and PRM1 and PRM2 gene expression among bulls of differing <em>in vivo</em> fertility levels (high fertility and low fertility) and breeds (Nellore and Angus). Sperm from 14 Nellore and 20 Angus bulls with high and low <em>in vivo</em> fertility were analyzed for protamine deficiency, susceptibility to DNA fragmentation, and PRM1 and PRM2 gene expression. Additionally, PRM1:PRM2 ratios were calculated for each experimental group. Results revealed solely a breed effect. Nellore sperm exhibited lower susceptibility to DNA fragmentation and higher PRM1 and PRM2 total transcripts compared to Angus. Conversely, Nellore sperm also demonstrated greater susceptibility to protamine deficiency. Protamine composition may not explain fertility differences, it could play a significant role in adaptive mechanisms across bull breeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 3","pages":"Article 101051"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptorchidism-induced disruption of TRPM8 expression and calcium signaling in canine testes: A potential mechanism for tumourigenesis","authors":"Anna Gałuszka ,&nbsp;Wojciech Łopuszyński ,&nbsp;Patrycja Kurowska ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Kotarska ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Rak ,&nbsp;Piotr Pawlicki","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryptorchidism is a condition where one or both testes fail to descend, increasing the risk of tumour development. This study investigated histological and molecular changes in canine cryptorchid testes, focusing on the TRPM8 calcium channel and its potential role in tumour-related signaling pathways. Histological and molecular changes in cryptorchid canine testes, focusing on the role of TRPM8, as well as the expression of PRKCA, MAPK1, and MAPK3 at both mRNA and protein levels, and intracellular calcium ion (Ca2 +) accumulation. Testicular tissues were collected from 14 middle-aged canine, including six with unilateral cryptorchidism. Histological analysis revealed a significant depletion of germ cells and extensive fibrosis in cryptorchid testes. Immunostaining analyses showed reduced expression and altered localization of TRPM8 in cryptorchid testes. Significant differences in TRPM8 transcript level were observed between control scrotal testes and cryptorchid testes, as well as between contralateral and cryptorchid testes (P &lt; 0.01). Western blot analysis revealed a substantial decrease in TRPM8 protein levels (P &lt; 0.001), accompanied by an increase in PKCα and ERK1/2 proteins (P &lt; 0.001) in cryptorchid testes compared to control scrotal testes. Mean fluorescence intensity analysis showed a significantly lower accumulation of intracellular Ca2 + in cryptorchid testes (P &lt; 0.01). The reduced TRPM8 expression and disrupted calcium signaling could activate pro-proliferative PKC/MAPK pathways, promoting tumourigenesis. These results underscore TRPM8’s role in calcium homeostasis and suggest its dysregulation in canine cryptorchidism could predispose to developing testicular cancer. Targeting TRPM8 and related pathways could offer new therapeutic strategies in veterinary and human oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 3","pages":"Article 101052"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of an exogenous DNA-free system to generate MSTN-KO calves by CRISPR/Cas9 and SCNT","authors":"Mariana Suvá ,&nbsp;Juan Ignacio Bastón ,&nbsp;Elisabet Astrid Wiedenmann ,&nbsp;María Belén Pose Ortiz de Rozas ,&nbsp;Roberto Jordán ,&nbsp;Alberto Ghetti ,&nbsp;Diego Luis Viale ,&nbsp;Lucia Natalia Moro ,&nbsp;Gabriel Damián Vichera","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to obtain myostatin (MSTN)-knockout calves, while avoiding the risk of exogenous DNA integration during gene editing. To achieve this, we combined CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein gene editing with somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology.</div><div>In the first experiment (E1), we compared the gene editing efficiency of four gRNAs targeting different coding regions of the <em>MSTN</em> gene using plasmid-based CRISPR/Cas9 in bovine fetal fibroblasts (BFF-E1 cells). The highest bioinformatically-predicted editing rate (BPE) was obtained with gRNA2 (96 %), which was subsequently used for further experiments. Next, embryos were produced by SCNT using BFF-E1-edited cells as nuclear donors. Sanger sequencing of the embryos showed biallelic <em>MSTN</em> editing. In the second experiment (E2), plasmid-based editing was replaced with CAS9 protein and trac:crRNA oligoribonucleotides. Editing efficiency was assessed on one edited bovine fetal fibroblast line (BFF-E2-male^ed) and two edited bovine mesenchymal stem lines (MSC-E2-male^ed and MSC-E2-fem^ed) derived from price-winning animals. BPEs were 58.8 %, 31 % and 59 % in fibroblast and MSC cells, and 64 %, 73.3 %, and 66.6 % in SCNT embryos derived from BFF-E2-male^ed, MSC-E2-male^ed and MSC-E2-fem^ed, respectively.</div><div>Transfer of 35 MSC-E2-fem^ed embryos to recipient cows, resulted in the birth of one MSTN-edited calf with a heterozygous genotype. A second-generation clone was subsequently produced, using a fibroblast sample as nuclear donor.</div><div>In conclusion, we established an efficient protocol for generating high rates of edited blastocysts with a desirable genetic background, resulting in the birth of two <em>MSTN</em>-knockout calves. This study provides a foundation for gene editing to improve productive or biomedical traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 3","pages":"Article 101050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}