Psychological review最新文献_第6页

Beliefs about perception shape perceptual inference: An ideal observer model of detection. 知觉信念塑造知觉推断：一个理想的知觉观察者模型。

IF 5.8 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000552

Matan Mazor, Rani Moran, Clare Press

{"title":"Beliefs about perception shape perceptual inference: An ideal observer model of detection.","authors":"Matan Mazor, Rani Moran, Clare Press","doi":"10.1037/rev0000552","DOIUrl":"10.1037/rev0000552","url":null,"abstract":"According to Bayesian, \"inverse optics\" accounts of vision, perceiving is inferring the most likely state of the world given noisy sensory data. This inference depends not only on prior beliefs about the world but also on an internal model specifying how world states translate to visual sensations. Alternative accounts explain perceptual decisions as a rule-based process, with no role for such beliefs about perception. Here, we contrast the two alternatives, focusing on decisions about perceptual absence as a critical test case. We present data from three preregistered experiments where participants performed a near-threshold detection task under different levels of partial stimulus occlusion, thereby visibly manipulating the measurement function going from external world states to internal perceptual states. We find that decisions about presence and absence are differentially sensitive to sensory evidence and occlusion. Furthermore, we observe reliably opposite individual-level effects of occlusion on decisions about absence. Our model accounts for these findings by postulating robust individual differences in the incorporation of beliefs about visibility into perceptual inferences, independent of population variability in visibility itself. We discuss implications for the varied and inferential nature of visual perception more broadly. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":"271-295"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Causation, meaning, and communication. 因果关系，意义和交流。

IF 5.8 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000548

Ari Beller, Tobias Gerstenberg

{"title":"Causation, meaning, and communication.","authors":"Ari Beller, Tobias Gerstenberg","doi":"10.1037/rev0000548","DOIUrl":"10.1037/rev0000548","url":null,"abstract":"The words we use to describe what happened shape what comes to a listener's mind. How do speakers choose what causal expressions to use? How does that choice impact what listeners imagine? In this article, we develop a computational model of how people use the causal expressions \"caused,\" \"enabled,\" \"affected,\" and \"made no difference.\" The model first builds a causal representation of what happened. By running counterfactual simulations, the model computes several causal aspects that capture the different ways in which a candidate cause made a difference to the outcome. Logical combinations of these aspects define a semantics for the causal expressions. The model then uses pragmatic inference to decide what word to use in context. We test our model in a series of experiments and compare it to prior psychological accounts. In a set of psycholinguistic studies, we verify the model's semantics and pragmatics. We show that the causal expressions exist on a hierarchy of specificity, and that participants draw informative pragmatic inferences in line with this scale. In the next two studies, we demonstrate that our model quantitatively fits participant behavior in a speaker task and a listener task involving dynamic physical scenarios. We compare our model to two lesioned alternatives, one which removes pragmatic inference, and another which removes semantics and pragmatics. Our full model better accounts for participants' behavior than both alternatives. Taken together, these results suggest a new way forward for modeling the relationship between language and thought in the study of causality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":"339-381"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do bilingual advantages in domain-general executive functioning occur in everyday life and/or when performance-based measures have excellent psychometric properties? 在日常生活和/或当基于表现的测量具有出色的心理测量特性时，在领域-一般执行功能方面的双语优势是否出现？

IF 5.8 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000537

Kenneth R Paap, John Majoubi, Regina T Anders-Jefferson, Rin Iosilevsky, Charlotte Ursula Tate

{"title":"Do bilingual advantages in domain-general executive functioning occur in everyday life and/or when performance-based measures have excellent psychometric properties?","authors":"Kenneth R Paap, John Majoubi, Regina T Anders-Jefferson, Rin Iosilevsky, Charlotte Ursula Tate","doi":"10.1037/rev0000537","DOIUrl":"10.1037/rev0000537","url":null,"abstract":"Psychologists have sought to understand individual differences in the ability to control thoughts, emotions, and actions during goal-directed behavior. Issues include whether the ability is unitary or componential and whether it is domain-general or task-specific. If domain-general, is it highly heritable with scant room for environmental influence or can it be enhanced by the right type of life experience or formal training? These questions have triggered one of the most heated debates in cognitive science, viz., is there a bilingual advantage in executive functioning (EF)? The empirical part of this study reports a substantially improved test of the bilingual advantage hypothesis in three respects. First, it tests for relationships between bilingualism and EF at the latent-variable level. Second, it extracts a latent-variable for performance-based measures of EF that are psychometrically strong. Third, it also includes a latent-variable based on self-rating scales of self-control/impulsivity that have enjoyed considerable success in predicting real-world outcomes. The results provide no evidence for a bilingual advantage on EF performance and a small, but significant, relationship to self-ratings. However, the relationship to self-ratings is no longer significant, when social desirability is taken into account. The correlation between the latent variables for performance-based and self-ratings was near 0, suggesting that they are separate constructs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":"394-410"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking memory impairments: Retrieval failure. 重新思考记忆障碍：检索失败。

IF 5.8 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000538

Joaquín M Alfei, Ralph R Miller, Tomás J Ryan, Gonzalo P Urcelay

引用次数: 0

A cascading effects model of early sensory development in autism. 自闭症早期感觉发育的级联效应模型。

IF 5.7 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000558

Natalie Russo, Carissa J Cascio, Grace T Baranek, Tiffany G Woynaroski, Zachary J Williams, Shulamite A Green, Roseann Schaaf

{"title":"A cascading effects model of early sensory development in autism.","authors":"Natalie Russo, Carissa J Cascio, Grace T Baranek, Tiffany G Woynaroski, Zachary J Williams, Shulamite A Green, Roseann Schaaf","doi":"10.1037/rev0000558","DOIUrl":"10.1037/rev0000558","url":null,"abstract":"Autism has historically been defined by the presence of differences in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (RRBs). Since 2013 when the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was published, sensory features were added as one of the polythetic restricted and repetitive behavior diagnostic criteria of autism, though it has remained understudied. Here, we summarize theory and research to provide support for the perspective that early sensory functions and experiences play a primary role in autism and have downstream effects on social communication and repetitive behavioral features of autism. The goals of this article are to provide an understanding of the current sensory research landscape over the early developmental period; to contextualize our knowledge autism within a developmental framework; to delineate a cascading developmental model that provides testable hypotheses; and to identify current gaps in research that would allow us to further our understanding of the role, and primacy of sensory differences in the development of the autistic phenotype. We close by offering a set of recommendations for the field. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":"450-487"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discourse referents in infancy. 话语指涉婴儿期。

IF 5.8 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000545

Gabor Brody, Gergely Csibra

{"title":"Discourse referents in infancy.","authors":"Gabor Brody, Gergely Csibra","doi":"10.1037/rev0000545","DOIUrl":"10.1037/rev0000545","url":null,"abstract":"Human infants connect conceptual descriptions to objects in the first year of their life. Here, we explore the cognitive architecture that supports this capacity. We propose that early in development, the connection from descriptions to objects is mediated by a representational format proprietary to human communication: discourse referents. Discourse referents, just like other object representations, represent entities, but instead of being maintained based on spatiotemporal characteristics, they are created and maintained in relation to communicative contexts. After establishing criteria for what it would mean for preverbal infants to entertain such discourse referents, we review the evidence from developmental psychology. We find support for the idea that, in communicative episodes, infants create representations of entities that are encoded from a shared discourse perspective and which can be displaced or entirely perceptually unavailable. We conclude that infants cannot only represent \"entities at locations\" but also \"entities under discussion\" and that conceptual descriptions early in development are primarily elicited by and applied to this latter format. In this framework, successful referential communication about perceptually available objects can be understood as involving correspondences between perceptually created object representations and discourse referents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":"382-393"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking ostensive communication in an evolutionary, comparative, and developmental perspective. 从进化、比较和发展的角度重新思考明示交际。

IF 5.8 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000565

Dan Sperber, Deirdre Wilson

{"title":"Rethinking ostensive communication in an evolutionary, comparative, and developmental perspective.","authors":"Dan Sperber, Deirdre Wilson","doi":"10.1037/rev0000565","DOIUrl":"10.1037/rev0000565","url":null,"abstract":"Ostensive communication (Sperber & Wilson, 1986/1995) involves both an informative and a communicative intention: The communicator draws attention not only to the information she intends to convey but also to her intention to convey it. This elicits an expectation of relevance in addressees that guides them in identifying the information communicated. This notion of ostensive communication has been influential in pragmatics, developmental psychology, and comparative psychology but also raises many questions. In the light of much relevant research, elaboration, and criticism over the years, we put forward a revised, broadened, more explicit, and more explanatory account of ostensive communication and of the role played in it by cognitive expectations of relevance and social expectations of cooperativeness. We distinguish two forms of ostension: In basic ostension, communicators give evidence of the information they intend to communicate, and in mentalistic communication, they give evidence of their intention to communicate that information. We interpret relevant comparative psychology findings (such as Gómez, 1996) as suggesting that a basic, nonmentalistic form of ostension may have evolved in great apes as a solution to the problems and opportunities presented by intentional communication. We discuss Csibra and Gergely's (2009) \"natural pedagogy theory\" claim that ostension is specifically adapted for the transmission of general knowledge to children. Correcting earlier pragmatic theories inspired by Grice (1989) including our own, we argue that typical verbal communication makes use of both basic and mentalistic ostension. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":"315-338"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal foreknowledge: Anticipation and prospective correction of timing errors by diffusion. 时间预知：通过扩散对时间误差的预测和预期修正。

IF 5.8 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000556

Fuat Balcı, Tutku Öztel

{"title":"Temporal foreknowledge: Anticipation and prospective correction of timing errors by diffusion.","authors":"Fuat Balcı, Tutku Öztel","doi":"10.1037/rev0000556","DOIUrl":"10.1037/rev0000556","url":null,"abstract":"A recent line of research has shown that humans and rodents can monitor errors in their timing behavior in individual trials. This ability is called temporal error monitoring (TEM). Electrophysiological studies showed that TEM-related neural signals of error are present before the timing behavior is manifested. These results have crucial implications for the function and modeling of TEM as they show that timing errors are read out rather than detected retrospectively. Such real-time error monitoring allows emergent timing error signals to improve the impending timing behavior in a prospective fashion (e.g., increasing the timing threshold when \"earlier-than-target\" errors are detected), enabling within-trial error corrections. In this article, we present a drift-diffusion model of real-time TEM with prospective (within-trial) behavioral modulation/refinement elements that are sensitive to task representations. Our model predicts the read-out of timing signals before the manifestation of the timing behavior and the translation of these signals into the improvement of timing accuracy within individual trials (thus improving overall precision) without violating the psychophysical and statistical features of the timing behavior. Finally, the task representation dependency of the decision element accounts for the widely reported reward-rate maximizing timing behavior. Our model introduces a new theoretical foundation for TEM with many testable behavioral and electrophysiological predictions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":"253-270"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A goal-directed perspective on dampening of positive affect. 从目标导向的角度看积极情绪的抑制。

IF 5.4 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000619

Liesbeth Bogaert, Agnes Moors, Filip Raes

引用次数: 0

The statistical physics of psychological networks: Zero matters. 心理网络的统计物理学：零很重要。

IF 5.8 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000611

Han L J van der Maas, Denny Borsboom, Lourens Waldorp

{"title":"The statistical physics of psychological networks: Zero matters.","authors":"Han L J van der Maas, Denny Borsboom, Lourens Waldorp","doi":"10.1037/rev0000611","DOIUrl":"10.1037/rev0000611","url":null,"abstract":"Psychological network theories provide an important alternative to traditional common cause theories, such as the g-theory of general intelligence and brain-based explanations of depression. Network theories, which are often formalized using the Ising model from statistical physics, have gained significant empirical support. However, the binary nature of nodes in Ising-type models presents a limitation, as many psychological data sets include responses with uncertain or neutral categories (e.g., \"don't know\" or \"not relevant\"). Ternary spin models, such as the Blume-Capel model, overcome this constraint by incorporating a third node state, zero, that can represent such responses, enabling more nuanced scale representations. The resulting models exhibit more complex dynamics and provide new insights into research across a range of psychological constructs. We illustrate our approach with examples from three key subdisciplines of psychology. First, we introduce a ternary spin model for attitudes, extending the Ising attitude model. Next, we propose a unified framework encompassing both bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Finally, we present a novel ternary network model for understanding knowledge acquisition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146213991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0