Research and Reports in Urology最新文献

{"title":"Incidence and Recurrence of Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Eva Raphael, Lorenzo Argante, Elisa Cinconze, Sara Nannizzi, Cheyenne Belmont, Claire F Mastrangelo, Yuan Hu Allegretti, Michele Pellegrini, Johannes E Schmidt","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S470605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S470605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections, with uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC) as the main etiologic agent of uncomplicated UTIs (uUTIs). The prevalence of uUTis caused by organisms with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing worldwide, complexifying the disease management and increasing the risk of complications. In efforts to develop new strategies for uUTI prevention, it is imperative to understand factors associated with the occurrence of new episodes.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the incidence of uUTIs caused by UPEC (UPEC-uUTIs) or unknown etiology (untested uUTIs) in adults aged ≥18 years receiving care in a San Francisco healthcare system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 2014-2019, 1087 UPEC-uUTI and 4106 untested uUTI cases were documented, of which 324 (29.8%; 95% confidence interval: 27.1%-32.6%) and 1030 (25.1%; 95% confidence interval: 23.8%-26.4%) were followed by ≥1 new episode of uUTI within 12 months. In the UPEC-uUTI cohort, male gender, diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and prior uUTI were risk factors for new episodes of uUTI. At the time of first UPEC-uUTI diagnosis, antimicrobial prescriptions were retrieved for 41.1% of cases. When tested, AMR was most frequently reported for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole prescribed with other antimicrobials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provides important information on the incidence and risk of repeated episodes of uUTIs, as well as on AMR related to them.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"16 ","pages":"253-264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11471108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General Obesity and Prostate Cancer in Relation to Abdominal Obesity and Ethnic Groups: A US Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Anwar E Ahmed, Callista B Martin, Bassam Dahman, Gregory T Chesnut, Sean Q Kern","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S489915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S489915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research suggests inconsistent evidence regarding the association between general obesity and prostate cancer among men in the United States. This study aimed to examine whether the association between general obesity and prostate cancer is influenced by abdominal obesity and ethnic groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The analysis was restricted to non-Hispanic men (10,683 White and 6,020 Black). Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 and abdominal obesity as waist circumference (WC) ≥102 cm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference was identified in the overall prevalence of prostate cancer between obese and non-obese (2.14% vs 2.25%, P = 0.678). When both obesity measures were combined, the general and abdominal obesity category was associated with a significant increase in the odds of prostate cancer in Black men [odds ratio (OR) = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.09, 2.04)], but not in White men [OR = 1.29, 95% CI (0.91, 1.82)]. In both Black [OR = 2.46, 95% CI (1.48, 4.06)] and White men [OR = 1.60, 95% CI (1.16, 2.21)], abdominal obesity was associated with significant increase in the odds of prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The association between general obesity and prevalence of prostate cancer depends on abdominal obesity and ethnic groups. Our study utilized a nationally representative survey and emphasized the potential of combined effect of general and abdominal obesity as a modifiable factor to decrease racial disparity in prostate cancer screening and poor outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"16 ","pages":"235-244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11472243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Follow Up Care After Penile Sparing Surgery for Penile Cancer: Current Perspectives.","authors":"Francesco Lasorsa, Gabriele Bignante, Angelo Orsini, Sofia S Rossetti, Michele Marchioni, Francesco Porpiglia, Pasquale Ditonno, Giuseppe Lucarelli, Riccardo Autorino, Celeste Manfredi","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S465546","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RRU.S465546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Penile cancer (PeCa) is a rare urologic tumor worldwide. In 2024, 2100 new cases and 500 deaths are estimated in the United States. Radical surgery via total penectomy has historically been the cornerstone of treatment, since it provides excellent long-term oncological control. The rationale of surgery for penile cancer was to achieve a 2 cm macroscopic surgical margin that is historically advocated to reduce recurrences. Over time, numerous studies have demonstrated that resection margin status does not affect patients' survival. Different penile-sparing techniques are currently recommended in the European Association of Urology-American Society of Clinical Oncology (EAU-ASCO) guidelines for the treatment of localized primary PeCa. Centralization of care could yield multiple benefits, including improved disease awareness, higher rates of penile-sparing surgery, enhanced detection rates, increased utilization of less invasive lymph node staging techniques, enhanced quality of specialized histopathological examinations, and the establishment of specialized multidisciplinary teams. Compared to more aggressive treatments, the higher recurrence rates after penile-sparing surgery do not hamper neither the metastasis-free survival nor the overall survival. Repeated penile-sparing surgery could be considered for selected cases. The psychological impact of penile cancer is not negligible since the perceived loss of masculinity might adversely affect mental health and overall well-being. Quality of life may be compromised by sexual and urinary dysfunction which may be the result either of the loss of penile tissue or the psychological status of the patient. It is of utmost importance to offer rehabilitative treatment as sexual therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, family and peer counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"16 ","pages":"225-233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demonstrating the Efficacy of Dual Energy Computer Tomography with Gemstone Spectral Imaging Software to Determine Mixed and Single Composition ex vivo Urolithiasis.","authors":"Daniel Magee, Feroza Jeewa, Matthew Vinh-Hoan Dinh Chau, Pamphila Lovelle Loh, Begona Ballesta Martinez, Manmeet Saluja, Ivan H Aw, Mikhail Lozinskiy, Sunny Lee, Melanie Rosenberg, Yuigi Yuiminaga","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S473167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S473167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the capability of determining the mixed chemical composition of urinary stones using spectral imaging properties of Dual Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) software.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Twenty-six single and 24 mixed composition ex vivo urinary stones with known chemical composition determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) prior to this project were scanned with DECT imaging and GSI in vitro. The major components of the stones included Uric Acid (UA), Calcium Oxalate (CaOx), Calcium Phosphate (CaP), Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP), and Cystine (Cys). A histogram to display the distribution of the effective atomic number (Z-eff) of each pixel of the tested area, spectral curve (40-140 keV, with 10 keV interval) and Hounsfield Units (HU) of each stone scanned was provided with analysis of monochromatic images at 140 keV in the axial plane.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DECT for identifying major stone composition were 0.802, 0.831, and 0.807, respectively, with a 95% confidence interval. Accuracy was 100% for identifying UA and Cys stones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DECT is a superior imaging modality when compared to low dose computed tomography kidney ureter bladder scans. It allows for improved characterization of major components of urinary stones, in an accurate, non-invasive approach to pre-treatment. This can translate to urologists having greater confidence in determining patient suitability for medical or surgical management of their renal stones, in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"16 ","pages":"215-224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Etiology and Pathogenesis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: The Roles of Sex Hormones and Anatomy.","authors":"Ganzhe Xu, Guoyu Dai, Zhongli Huang, Qiunong Guan, Caigan Du, Xiaoming Xu","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S477396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S477396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) mainly causes lower urinary tract symptoms in ageing men, but its exact etiology and pathogenesis have not been established. The objective of this review was to design an update on the advances of human BPH research. We undertook a literature search for identifying studies of the roles of sex hormones (androgens and estrogens) in the onset and development of human BPH using the Pubmed database. In literature, many studies have indicated that ageing and obesity are the factors for preceding the onset of BPH. No evidence for the role of testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is found in BPH initiation. Since BPH exclusively occurs in the transitional zone (TZ) surrounding the urethra, it is postulated that years of exposure to uncharacterized urinary toxins could disrupt the homeostasis of the stroma and/or epithelium of this prostatic zone that are typically occurring in ageing men. After cellular damage and subsequent inflammation generated, the intraprostatic DHT produced mainly from T by 5α-reductase promotes BPH development. Further, estrogens could take part in the nodular proliferation of stromal cells in some BPH patients. The confounding of BPH may attenuate the development of prostate tumor in the TZ. In conclusion, evidence in literature suggests that androgens are not etiological factors for BPH, and intraprostatic DHT along with chronic inflammation are mainly responsible for nodular proliferation of stromal and/or epithelial cells in prostatic TZ. The urinary factors for the etiology of BPH and BPH as a prediction of PCa progression still need further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"16 ","pages":"205-214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11430843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Testosterone Therapy on Major Cardiovascular Risk in Erectile Dysfunction Patients with Testosterone Deficiency.","authors":"Tanawin Poopuangpairoj, Kun Sirisopana, Chinnakhet Ketsuwan, Wisoot Kongchareonsombat, Yada Phengsalae, Wijittra Matang, Premsant Sangkum","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S476804","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RRU.S476804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate major adverse cardiovascular events in erectile dysfunction (ED) patients who received testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) compared with those who did not.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From January 2012 to October 2021, we collected the retrospective data of patients with ED at Ramathibodi Hospital. We divided the patients into two groups: those who received TRT (TRT group) and those with normal testosterone levels and therefore not requiring TRT (non-TRT group). The patients' baseline clinicodemographic data were collected. Major adverse cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular death, ST- and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, hospitalization from congestive heart failure, transient ischemic attack, and ischemic stroke, were collected and analyzed within 2 years after treatment in all groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 221 patients, 111 were in the TRT group and 110 were in the non-TRT group. In the non-TRT group, one event each of the following occurred: myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, and stroke. In the TRT group, no major cardiovascular event occurred during the 2-year follow-up period. However, no significant difference in major cardiovascular events was noted between the two groups (p = 0.314).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TRT in ED patients with testosterone deficiency does not increase adverse cardiovascular events when compared with ED patients with normal testosterone level.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"16 ","pages":"195-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11416101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Clinical Aspects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Scoping Review for Urologists and Medical Providers.","authors":"Jordan G Kassab, R Hayden Meeks, Werner T W de Riese","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S467344","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RRU.S467344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer (PCa) currently stands as the most common malignancy and the second most common cause of death in men worldwide. Dr. C. Huggins revolutionized the field of PCa treatment through his work investigating the therapeutic effects of androgen deprivation. These early surgical castration methods were expanded upon by integrating reversible pharmacologic castration via biologic agonists. Following this, intermittent ADT (iADT) became a medical substitute for its continuous counterpart. This data synthesis aims to highlight and assess the pertinent adverse effects of ADT, to compare mortality for PCa treatment plans, and consequently provide direction for clinicians in choosing the suitable systemic ADT approach. We performed a thorough systematic search across the PubMed database to identify prospective randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing continuous and intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (cADT and iADT). Our qualitative analysis aimed to evaluate the potential of iADT as an alternative treatment approach, emphasizing recent clinical outcomes. The analysis of randomized control trials in the literature revealed no discernable statistical difference in PCa-specific mortality in comparison of iADT and cADT treatments. Further, in the analysis of mortality due to non-PCa causes, iADT patients fared more favorably compared to cADT. Due to iADT's characteristics of being more cost-efficient and less likely to cause undesirable side effects, urologic healthcare professionals should be made aware of these findings when counseling patients on the optimal form of ADT and consulting for future treatment guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"16 ","pages":"187-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Gender-Specific Approaches inRetrograde Intrarenal Surgery: Effects on Operative Efficiency and Patient Recovery.","authors":"Abdihamid Hassan Hilowle, Abdikarim Hussein Mohamed","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S480374","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RRU.S480374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Very limited data are available exploring the potential influence of gender on Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery outcomes. This study investigates the gender-specific influence of ShuoTongureteroscopy (ST-urs) and Flexible Ureteroscopy (F-urs) surgeries on operation efficacy and patient recovery in a sample of the Somali population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We enrolled 390 participants. Participants were stratified into four gender-specific subgroups based on ureteroscopy operation type: 27.7% males in S-urs (group1), 44.4% females in S-urs (group2), 18.7% males in F-urs (group3), and 9.2% females in F-urs (group4). Primary outcomes included operation time, postoperative hospital stay duration, and VAS Pain Score. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 29.53 ± 7.61 years, 72.1% male and 27.9% female, with 46.4% of the patients undergoing ST-urs and 53.6% undergoing F-urs. Women had higher odds of prolonged hospital stays (OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.43-4.82, p < 0.001) and post-operation pain (OR = 5.06, 95% CI: 2.95-8.68, p = 0.002). Among men who underwent F-urs procedure, there was a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) of 6.14 (95% CI: 2.86-13.19, p < 0.001) for experiencing a long operation time. Conversely, for females, those who underwent S-urs surgery had a notably lower OR of 0.32 (95% CI: 0.13-0.79, p = 0.013) for long operation time, whereas those who underwent F-urs surgery exhibited a substantially elevated OR of 5.36 (95% CI: 1.85-15.53, p < 0.001). Both females undergoing F-urs surgery (OR: 5.16, 95% CI: 2.61-10.21, p < 0.001) and those undergoing F-urs surgery (OR: 5.25, 95% CI: 2.17-12.73, p < 0.001) experienced significantly higher post-operative pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research reveals gender disparities in retrograde intrarenal surgery outcomes. Women experience longer hospital stays and higher postoperative pain levels compared to men. F-urs procedures are associated with longer operation times and hospital stays, particularly affecting women. Contrarily, ST-urs offers shorter operation times for women but leads to prolonged hospital stays and heightened postoperative pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"16 ","pages":"177-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11370754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to Treating High Risk and Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC): Key Trial Data That Impacts Treatment Decisions in the Clinic.","authors":"Jonathan Chatzkel, Mayer Fishman, Brian Ramnaraign, Padraic O'Malley, Guru P Sonpavde","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S457287","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RRU.S457287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment paradigm for high risk localized and advanced kidney cancer has been characterized by ongoing changes, with the introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR TKIs) and later with immune checkpoint blockade. In this article, we review how current evidence informs our decision-making on post-checkpoint inhibitor systemic therapies, the role of adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapies, and the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in the evolving systemic therapy landscape. While some studies support a post-checkpoint inhibitor benefit from the VEGFR TKIs cabozantinib or axitinib, the benefit of doublet therapies including a VEGF receptor inhibitor and a checkpoint inhibitor remains an area of active investigation, with the combination of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab showing promise but with a Phase III trial of the combination of atezolizumab plus cabozantinib showing no benefit over cabozantinib alone. The role of adjuvant therapy in patients with high-risk disease who have undergone cytoreductive nephrectomy and potentially metastasectomy is also an area of continuing interest. While the S-TRAC study demonstrated a disease-free survival benefit for adjuvant sunitinib, no overall survival benefit was shown, and multiple other studies of adjuvant VEGFR TKI therapy have been negative. Subsequently, adjuvant pembrolizumab has shown a benefit in overall survival, whereas trials of neoadjuvant and adjuvant nivolumab, adjuvant atezolizumab, and adjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab have all been negative. Finally, the role for cytoreductive nephrectomy continues to be an area of active debate. The CARMENA study raised important questions about the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy given the advances in VEGFR TKI therapy but was characterized by accrual difficulties and a significant number of patients not receiving treatment according to the study protocol. Two ongoing studies (NORDIC-SUN and PROBE) seek to further address the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in the doublet therapy era.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"16 ","pages":"161-176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Three Different Injection Techniques for the Endoscopic Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) in Children: A Review of 10 Years of Experience.","authors":"Giulia Lanfranchi, Irene Paraboschi, Ugo Maria Pierucci, Guglielmo Mantica, Sara Costanzo, Federica Marinoni, Andrea Pansini, Giorgio Giuseppe Orlando Selvaggio, Gloria Pelizzo","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S467018","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RRU.S467018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To review our 10 years of experience with the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children, emphasizing the long-term efficacy of the \"combined STING-HIT\" technique.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective study was performed including all children with symptomatic VUR undergoing the cystoscopic injection of bulking agents from January 2013 to December 2022 in our pediatric tertiary referral center. Three different endoscopic techniques were adopted: the \"combined STING-HIT\" technique, the STING technique, and the HIT technique. Treatment success was defined as symptom remission and VUR resolution on the voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) performed at the 3-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study period, 140 (F:M = 64:76) patients and 228 ureters were treated at a median patient age of 3 (2.0-6.0) years. After a single endoscopic treatment, VUR resolved in 203 (88%) ureters. The VUR resolution rate after a single endoscopic treatment was 95% (n=70/74) in case of I-II VUR, 88% (n=87/99) in case of III VUR; 83% (n=38/46) in case of IV VUR; 89% (n=8/9) in case of V VUR (p-value: 0.174). Overall, one or two endoscopic treatments succeeded in 219 (96%) ureters. The overall VUR resolution rate following one or two endoscopic treatments was 100% (74/74) in case of I-II VUR, 93% (n=92/99) in case of III VUR; 96% (n=44/46) in case of IV VUR; 100% (n=9/9) in case of V VUR (p-value: 0.083). Despite not being statistically significant, the VUR resolution rate was higher for the \"combined STING-HIT\" technique, both after one (92%: n=110/119; versus 85%; n=62/73 versus 86%; n=31/36; p-value: 0.225) or two (98%: n=116/119; versus 95%; n=69/73 versus 94%; n=34/36; p-value: 0.469) endoscopic treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The endoscopic approaches were highly successful for the treatment of VUR in children. The \"combined STING-HIT\" technique was a safe and effective procedure, being associated with the higher resolution rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"16 ","pages":"151-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11227862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}