Martin Lund, Ditte Valsgaard Vammen, Milad Hanna, Søren Høyer, Lars Lund
{"title":"Placebo-Controlled Study of Effects of Low-Energy Shockwave Therapy (LE-ESWT) on Erectile Tissue in a Diabetic Animal Model.","authors":"Martin Lund, Ditte Valsgaard Vammen, Milad Hanna, Søren Høyer, Lars Lund","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S366601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S366601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Low-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LE-ESWT) has been shown to induce organ repair and neo-vascularization. The ability of LE-ESWT to improve erectile function in rodents as measured by improvements in intracavernosal pressure is well-established in various pathological situations. The underlying molecular mechanism are unclear and likely vary between different disorders, making rational drug design for synergetic effects with LE-ESWT difficult, without further research. In this placebo-controlled study, we aim to establish whether LE-ESWT can activate neovascularization biomarkers in diabetic tissues.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Forty Wistar rats, aged 8 weeks, were randomly divided into 4 groups: 8 untreated controls, 12 controls that underwent LE-ESWT treatment, 8 controls with induced diabetes mellitus (DM) and 12 with DM underwent LE-ESWT treatment. DM was induced by streptozotocin. LE-ESWT treatment was performed with a Duolith SD1 machine (Storz), with a total amount of energy of 6.4 J per treatment. The rats received a total of three LE-ESWT treatments with 2-week intervals between treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diabetic rats had significantly elevated blood glucose concentrations compared to control rats (P < 0.001) and experienced significant weight loss compared to controls (P < 0.001). Diabetic rats had elevated creatinine and urea and lower albumin (P < 0.001). Histologic analysis of penile tissue showed significant levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) expression in the LE-ESWT groups compared to controls (P< 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LE-ESWT induces neo-angiogenesis as expressed by VEGF and FGF in erectile tissue in normal and diabetic rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"15 ","pages":"123-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0d/1e/rru-15-123.PMC10072334.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9272008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milena Taskovska, Maja Frelih, Tomaž Smrkolj, Metka Volavšek
{"title":"Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate Misdiagnosed as High-Grade Urothelial Cancer - A Case Report of a Diagnostic Pitfall.","authors":"Milena Taskovska, Maja Frelih, Tomaž Smrkolj, Metka Volavšek","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S391558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S391558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Basal cell carcinoma of the prostate is rare. Usually, it is diagnosed in elderly men with nocturia, urgency, lower urinary tract obstruction and normal PSA.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report on a case of a 56-years-old patient who presented at the emergency ward with weight loss, nausea and vomiting. The diagnostic evaluation showed acute renal failure due to a bladder tumor. After admission to the urology ward and subsequent contrast-enhanced CT urography and contrast-enhanced chest CT, a non-metastatic bladder tumor that infiltrated the right side of the bladder and seminal vesicles was found. High-grade muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma was diagnosed from TURBT specimens, followed by radical cystoprostatectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy and formation of ureterocutaneostomy sec. Bricker. The histopathological examination of the resection specimen surprisingly revealed the presence of prostatic basal cell carcinoma pT4N0M0 and not urothelial cancer. Due to renal failure, the patient required hemodialysis. The recommendation of the multidisciplinary oncological meeting was to follow up with the patient by the surgeon-urologist. On imaging six months after surgery, it was suspicious for recurrence. Patient was considered for adjuvant oncological treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although rare, basal cell carcinoma of the prostate should be considered in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, hematuria and normal PSA. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor is indicated in patients presenting with hematuria and bladder tumor. In evaluation of such cases rare histological types should be included in the differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"15 ","pages":"187-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5d/ad/rru-15-187.PMC10263023.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9654000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rayan Mohamed-Ahmed, Annika Taithongchai, Ana Sofia da Silva, Dudley Robinson, Linda Cardozo
{"title":"Treating and Managing Urinary Incontinence: Evolving and Potential Multicomponent Medical and Lifestyle Interventions.","authors":"Rayan Mohamed-Ahmed, Annika Taithongchai, Ana Sofia da Silva, Dudley Robinson, Linda Cardozo","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S387205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S387205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incontinence is defined by either ICS 2002 or IUGA/ICS 2010 as the involuntary loss of urine and includes urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). It has a high worldwide prevalence with an associated impact on quality of life. Despite existing management options for the management of urinary incontinence, patients continue to be troubled by symptoms or side effects of existing treatment. There is therefore a requirement for ongoing research into treatment options for the management of UUI and SUI, that are more effective and tolerable to patients. Advances in treatment of UUI include a more selective beta 3 agonist, Vibegron, which has less impact on cardiac function than Mirabegron. Hormonal treatment, including Ospemifene and Prasterone, may improve GSM and in turn symptoms of UUI. There are advances in the types of neuromodulators available, including those that are rechargeable at home and are MRI safe. Laser has shown promising initial results. There is developing interest in the microbiome, and how this may impact future treatment modalities. Advances in treatment of SUI include the use of mobile health applications to support delivery of pelvic floor muscle training. Litoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has shown promising results at phase III trials. Functional magnetic stimulation is being developed to improve contractility of pelvic floor muscles. We also discuss interventions that improve tissue elasticity and regeneration, such as platelet rich plasma, autologous stem cell transplantation, laser therapy and radiofrequency treatment, which show short term benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"15 ","pages":"193-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/18/rru-15-193.PMC10284157.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9767189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simone Ferretti, Chiara Mercinelli, Laura Marandino, Giulio Litterio, Michele Marchioni, Luigi Schips
{"title":"Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Insights on Current Therapy and Promising Experimental Drugs.","authors":"Simone Ferretti, Chiara Mercinelli, Laura Marandino, Giulio Litterio, Michele Marchioni, Luigi Schips","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S385257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S385257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The therapeutic landscape of metastatic hormone sensitive and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is rapidly changing. We reviewed the current treatment options for mCRPC, with insights on new available therapeutic strategies. Chemotherapy with docetaxel or cabazitaxel (for patients progressing on docetaxel), as well as treatment with androgen receptor axis targeted therapies, and Radium-223 are well-established treatment options for patients with mCRPC. The advent of theragnostic in prostate cancer established Lutetium-177 (177Lu)-PSMA-617 as a new standard of care for PSMA-positive mCRPC previously treated with ARAT and taxane-based chemotherapy. Olaparib, a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, is approved for selected patients with mCRPC progressed on ARATs and in combination with abiraterone acetate as first-line treatment for mCRPC. Immunotherapy showed limited efficacy in unselected patients with mCRPC and novel immunotherapy strategies need to be explored. The search for biomarkers is a growing field of interest in mCRPC, and predictive biomarkers are needed to support the choice of treatment and the development of tailored strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"15 ","pages":"243-259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3c/07/rru-15-243.PMC10312338.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9800312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indocyanine Green (ICG)-Guided One-Stage Delayed Bladder Closure and Radical Soft-Tissue Mobilization (Kelly Procedure) For Bladder Exstrophy Repair: The First Experience.","authors":"Irene Paraboschi, Michele Gnech, Dario Guido Minoli, Erika Adalgisa De Marco, Giovanni Parente, Guglielmo Mantica, Vincenzo Bagnara, Gianantonio Manzoni, Marc-David Leclair, Alfredo Berrettini","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S423521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S423521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vascular supply of the pelvic structures and the external genitalia can be easily injured during the one-stage delayed bladder closure and radical soft-tissue mobilization (Kelly procedure) for bladder exstrophy surgical repair. Aiming to help surgeons assessing and confirming tissue perfusion and viability, indocyanine green (ICG)-based laser angiography was incorporated into the operative approach to reduce the risk of ischemic injuries. The EleVision IR system (Medtronic Ltd) was adopted to confirm the identification of the vascular pedicles and assess the tissue perfusion in real-time in a 5-month-old with bladder exstrophy undergoing the one-stage delayed bladder closure and radical soft-tissue mobilization (Kelly procedure). ICG (0.15 mg/kg) was intravenously administered at 6 key steps during surgery with the ability to be re-dosed every 15 minutes. ICG-based laser angiography helped to confirm the correct identification of the vascular structures during surgery and to assess tissue perfusion in real-time. Blood flow did not change considerably after initial dissection or upon approximating the pubis symphysis. At the end of the procedure, good penile perfusion was shown, proving that no direct injury or substantial compression of the pudendal vessels had occurred following the mobilization and the reconstructive phase. ICG-based laser angiography proved to be safe, effective, and easy to employ and should be considered as a reasonable adjunct for tissue perfusion assessment and operative decision-making in patients undergoing bladder exstrophy Kelly repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"15 ","pages":"375-380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5f/d3/rru-15-375.PMC10423616.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10061019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Study of Prone Position Variations for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.","authors":"Mehmet Yilmaz, Yusuf Sahin","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S415426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S415426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this comparative study, we evaluated the results of flat prone and prone hip flexed percutaneous nephrolithotomy in terms of efficacy and safety to contribute to the optimal prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy position.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data of the patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy operations in a flat-prone or prone hip flexed positions due to renal pelvis and/or ≥2 Calix filling stones between January 2016 and January 2022 were collected retrospectively. Demographic data of the patient groups in different prone positions as well as clinical findings, stone characteristics and operative data were analyzed. The groups were also compared in terms of post-operative findings and complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age and CROES scores of patients included in the study were 47.15±15.6 years and 221.76±62.49, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of patient demographic data, stone-free status and complication rates. Operation Room Time (ORT) (min) in flat prone PCNL group was shorter in average (100.57±32.74 min vs 92.32±28.75 min, p = 0.041) and duration with nephrostomy (days) and hospitalization (days) parameters were statistically significantly shorter in prone hip flexed PCNL (respectively, p < 0.001; p = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Flat-prone PCNL provides significantly shorter ORT. However, the time with nephrostomy and hospitalization with the prone hip flexed PCNL were shorter than flat-prone position. The findings will guide the optimal prone PCNL position.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"15 ","pages":"233-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/c1/rru-15-233.PMC10296540.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9739929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Neves, Luísa Viveiros, Veronica Venturelli, David A Isenberg
{"title":"Promising Experimental Treatments for Lupus Nephritis: Key Talking Points and Potential Opportunities.","authors":"Ana Neves, Luísa Viveiros, Veronica Venturelli, David A Isenberg","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S385836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S385836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lupus nephritis (LN) is a frequent and serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), impairing patients' quality of life and significantly increasing mortality. Despite optimizing the use of conventional immunosuppressants and other biological drugs, its management remains unsatisfactory. This is mainly due to the heterogeneity of SLE, but also to insufficiently effective treatment regimens and clinical trial limitations (strict criteria, low number of patients included, and side effects). Most clinical trials of new biological therapies have failed to meet their primary endpoints in both general SLE and LN, with only two biological drugs (belimumab and anifrolumab) being approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of SLE. Recently, several Phase II randomized controlled trials have evaluated the efficacy and safety of new biologics in LN, and some of them have demonstrated an improvement in clinical and laboratory measures. Multi-target therapies are also being successfully developed and encourage a belief that there will be an improvement in LN outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"15 ","pages":"333-353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a1/d5/rru-15-333.PMC10348374.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Varicocelectomy on Serum Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Testosterone; The Interrelationship Between Hormonal Variables.","authors":"Mohammed Alfozan","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S383114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S383114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The present study was conducted to analyze the effect of varicocelectomy on serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone. The interrelationship between seminal and hormonal variables is also investigated.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study was conducted on patients of the urology clinic from 2012 to 2017. The study was conducted in the Security Forces Hospital, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Infertile patients who had already undergone the FSH examination and testosterone twice were included in the study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 was used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 186 patients were studied which reveals that the age group of 21-30 years was higher than other age groups 80 (43%), micro varicocelectomy was performed in 138 (74%) of patients and 79 (47%) patients had one-year infertility. The study assessed the effect of varicocelectomy on sperm count and motility serum FSH, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin, and it was found that none of the variables showed significant association after varicocelectomy, except for luteinizing hormone (P-value = 0.014). Testosterone levels in patients who had FSH ≤10 were also evaluated and it was found that the level of testosterone was increased with a decreased level of FSH (P-value = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was concluded from our results that after varicocelectomy, those patients who had FSH levels ≤10 were found to have increased testosterone levels. LH was also found to be significant; however, other hormones were not found to be significant. This may occur due to the reason that we have the majority of the participants in the age group 21-30. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the association with ample sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"15 ","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bc/34/rru-15-47.PMC9884447.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10607057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amit G Reddy, Michelle C Dai, Jeffrey J Song, Hudson M Pierce, Sagar R Patel, Larry I Lipshultz
{"title":"Peyronie's Disease: An Outcomes-Based Guide to Non-Surgical and Novel Treatment Modalities.","authors":"Amit G Reddy, Michelle C Dai, Jeffrey J Song, Hudson M Pierce, Sagar R Patel, Larry I Lipshultz","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S278796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S278796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clinical landscape of Peyronie's disease is everchanging. There has been growing interest in non-invasive therapeutic options that could assist patients with achieving a meaningful reduction in penile curvature without surgical intervention. These therapies are wide-ranging in terms of their mechanisms of action, efficacies, and short- and long-term safety profiles. Recently, an abundance of outcomes literature on longstanding and novel non-surgical treatment modalities has been published. For sexual medicine providers hoping to offer patients the most up-to-date and evidence-based treatments for the management of Peyronie's disease, it can be challenging to gain a thorough understanding of this body of literature. In this clinical management review, the workup and current theories on the pathophysiology of Peyronie's disease are reviewed, and the most recent outcomes data on the currently available non-surgical treatment modalities are presented. With an accurate understanding of the current landscape of Peyronie's disease treatment, sexual health providers will be able to better evaluate and engage in evidence-based shared decision-making with their patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"15 ","pages":"55-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/73/16/rru-15-55.PMC9901485.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10684096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cystine Stones: Developments in Minimally Invasive Surgery and Their Impact on Morbidity and Stone Clearance.","authors":"Thomas Hughes, Lazaros Tzelves, Bhaskar K Somani","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S381190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S381190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystinuria is a rare genetic condition that is responsible for cystine stones. Besides stone recurrence, patients with cystine stones have reduced health-related quality of life, increased rates of chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Although lifestyle measures, medical therapy and close follow up are essential to reduce and monitor cystine stone recurrences, surgical intervention is frequently needed for most cystinuria patients. Shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and active surveillance all have a role, and technological advances in endourology are vital in achieving a stone-free status and to prevent recurrences. The complexity of managing cystine stones necessitates a multidisciplinary team discussion, patient involvement and an individualised approach in a specialist centre for optimum management. Thulium fibre laser and virtual reality may have an increasing role in the future of cystine stone management.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"15 ","pages":"175-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/93/51/rru-15-175.PMC10254682.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9620241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}