Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research最新文献

{"title":"A Review on Solvents - Dilute, Dissolve and Disperse","authors":"Veronica Ogechi Onyeocha, Anthony Ikejiofor Onuchukwu","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2024(5)167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2024(5)167","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The discourse herein explores the topic “Solvents- Dilute, Dissolve and Disperse” and details the importance of the techniques used in the manipulations of solvents to achieve specific needs. The phenomenon involved in “Solvents- Dilute, Dissolve and Disperse” is used in the chemical industries, in the atmosphere, in plants and animals’ metabolism and in every aspect of life. The use of solutions and techniques such as dilution gives chemists control over the amounts of the substance they handle, to transfer substances from one medium to another particularly when only a little sample is available due to its rarity or cost. The phenomenon is used in ore analysis and in the analysis of contaminated food for traces of poison. It has a wide coverage of application in nature. Background: Much of life’s applications is found in mixtures and solutions. The atmosphere is a gaseous solution of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Water vapour and the trace elements. The basis of the atmosphere lends its application in the creation of environments for deep-sea divers and food storage facilities. The ability of a substance to dissolve in another is studied. Solutions are stored in a concentrated form to save space and the concentrated solutions are diluted to variable concentrations as needs result. A microscopic amount of a substance is measured accurately through the dilution technique. When additional solvent is added to a given volume of solution, the number of moles of the solute occupies a larger volume of solution by the dilution. Literally, solvents are solute carriers. Method: A literature review is taken from reputable authors to highlight the descriptions of the terms involved in the topic, “Solvents- Dilute, Dissolve and Disperse” and to elucidate the associated meanings and applications of the concept. Conclusion: Solubility is the ability of a solvent to dissolve a solute. The technique of solubility is widely used in Nature: in Sciences and Arts. There is the need to understand the concept and principle of solubility. This write-up discusses the basis and applications of solubility as guided by the topic “Solvents- Dilute, Dissolve and Disperse”.","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"2004 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Spin-Coat Speed for Fabrication of P3HT: PCBM Solar Cells","authors":"Nimmi Singh, Kuldeep Kumar","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2024(5)169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2024(5)169","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of spin speed on the orientation of the conjugated polymer chains becomes a matter of concern while fabricating bulk heterojunction devices such as solar cells. The stability and performance strongly depend on the intertwining of the two molecules that form the bulk heterojunctions. In the case of P3HT: PCBM, it is the long chains of P3HT that encompasses the PCBM molecules. This work investigates the fabricating conditions of Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) on the glass substrates in terms of spin coating speeds to obtain favourable geometry of P3HT. For this purpose, three different samples were prepared, keeping spin rate as 6850, 8150 and 9700 rpm, respectively. It was observed that at high spin rates, a large centrifugal force acts upon polymer chains, unfolding them into highly oriented structures. These P3HT chains are free from twists, kinks and are not intermingled. The results of the present work advocate fabricating P3HT: PCBM films at spin speeds less than 6850 rpm.","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Dynamic Characteristics of Orthotropic Rectangular Plates under the Influence of Moving Distributed Masses and Resting on a Variable Elastic Pasternak Foundation","authors":"Adeoye Adebola Samuel, Adeloye To","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2024(5)163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2024(5)163","url":null,"abstract":"This work studies the dynamic characteristics of orthotropic rectangular plates under the influence of moving distributed masses and resting on a variable elastic Pasternak foundation. The governing equation is a fourth order partial differential equation with variable and singular coefficients. The solutions to the problem are obtained by transforming the fourth order partial differential equation for the problem to a set of coupled second order ordinary differential equations using the technique of Shadnam et al, then simplified using asymptotic method of Struble [11]. The closed form solution is analyzed, resonance conditions are obtained and the results are depicted graphically for both cases of moving distributed mass and moving distributed force","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study Investigating the Feasibility and Potential of Utilising Polymer, Demolition & Glass Waste as a Partial Replacement for Fine and Coarse Aggregate in Concrete","authors":"Ash Ahmed, Hafiz Muhammad Nadir","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2024(5)162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2024(5)162","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is a key CO2 contributor. Contemporary research focuses on formulating cement replacement composites; however, less attention is deliberated to formulating fine/coarse aggregate replacement composites. The waste from different fields contributes enormously to adverse environmental effects, thus necessitating reuse/recycling. The demolition/reconstruction of old buildings/infrastructure is adding further to the waste contribution by the construction industry. The total quantum of fine/coarse aggregate in the construction industry is estimated to be around 20 billion tons, contributing around a billion tons of CO2 . Therefore, even partial replacement of virgin sand/coarse aggregates with various waste materials like glass, rubber, plastic, tyres, recycled concrete and others will economise the cost of manufacturing the concrete with reduced CO2 footprints as eco-friendly materials. This study conducted a comparative analysis for investigation of the characteristic compressive and split tensile strength of concrete composites with partial replacement of virgin sand/coarse aggregate by 10-30% of Crushed Glass (CG), Crumb Rubber (CR), Recycled PET Bottles (RPB), Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) and 5-10% of Shredded Tyres (ST). Generally, all the composites demonstrated par/ better strength with the control mix, achieving the target strength of C55/67 concrete. The composites with CG, RPB and RCA exhibited an improvement in compressive strength, attaining more than 70 MPa (high-performance concrete strength) and up to 10% improvement in split tensile, attaining 4.3 MPa. CR and 5-10% ST exhibited a slight decrease in compressive strengths. All the composites formulated in this study explicate their diverse uses for multipurpose infrastructural applications in the construction industry as improved, economical, eco-friendly waste absorbent composites.","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Basic Study on the Diagnosis Method of Internal Short Circuit based on Feature Extraction and Separation Technique","authors":"K. Jang, Sung-Ju Hwang, Seung-Kyu Chun, Ju-Hyung Lee","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2023(4)154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2023(4)154","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in energy storage systems (ESS) and electric vehicles due to superior performance. However, most safety problems in the use process of the lithium-ion battery are attributed to internal short circuits, there are a lot of factors leading to the internal short circuit. Short circuit in the lithium-ion battery affects the electrochemical reaction and then generating a larger short circuit current. Besides, the thermal runaway is the result of a failure of the separator inside Li-ion batteries, small discharge pulses of a few mV were detected at the time of separator damages. Therefore, the fault diagnosis by internal short circuit of lithium batteries has attracted more attention to prevent the fire accidents. This paper aimed to suggest a diagnostic model for separator of LFP (Lithium iron phosphate) pouch cell as a basic research work using continuous pulse analysis method such as feature extraction and separation technique of pulse source for timely diagnose the short circuit fault. In other words, this paper provided a method that can identify the separator failure before thermal runaway in the aspect of a potential explosion and fire prevention. The internal short circuit signal for diagnosis of LFP pouch cell was investigated by forming artificial defects at the separator part compared with normal battery. To investigate the short circuit signal, artificial defect specimens are prepared as a pouch type, pulse signal was analyzed in terms of pulse waveshape (Skewness) and frequency (Fast Fourier Transform, FFT) compared with normal battery and artificial defect pouch cell. To calculate the continuous acquisition pulse signal, python code was developed. As a result, it is found that the pulse signal of artificial defect specimen shown high frequency and low skewness characteristics. Whereas, in the case of a normal battery, it showed characteristics of relatively low frequency and high or middle skewness. From our research work, the results revealed that the pulse shape and feature contain useful information which can help to understand degradation behavior of the LFP pouch cells. This result is expected to be applicable various batteries with presence a defect at the separator of battery","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124558034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Aging Temperature and Time on Crystallinity and Crystal Growth of Sn/Sb Peritectic Alloy","authors":"S. Alsowidy, Gobran N Ali, Sahar Slman","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2023(4)153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2023(4)153","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of annealing conditions in terms of temperature and time on the structure growth of Sn- 5wt%Sb pritectic solder alloy has been investigated for thirteen samples. These samples were melted at 650°C, and treated at 50, 70,and 100°C for 2,4,6 and 8 hours. The microstructure observation before and after heat- treatment has been studied using X-ray diffraction and optical microscope techniques. The Results showed that, there are two major phases, β- Sn tetragonal solid- solution and SbSn hexagonal intermetallic compound phases. The parameters of microstructure in detailed were accurately determined. At higher aging time there is a little shifting toward a small angle of diffraction and the peaks became sharper. This means that at larger aging time, the d-spacing is greater than that at low aging time, especially for the lines (200),(101),(211),(112),(301) and (420). This may be attributed to the preferred orientation of the structure growth. Also, the particle size and micro-strain change with time for all temperatures examined. The changes in the particle size and grain boundaries were observed by increasing temperature and time. This is attributed to the recovery and crystalline growth processes with preferred orientations. The reduction in dislocation density has been observed with increasing aging time and temperature. In the heat-treatment process, the changes in microstructure are strongly depending on the variations in dislocation density. As time increases, the more equilibrium phase-distribution is observed","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121393145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic Removals of Anti-Convulsant/Epileptic (Meprobamate (MEP), Steroid Hormone (Androstenedione (ADR)) and Estrogen (Estrone (E1)) using Zinc Oxide / Zinc Sulphide-Biochar Nanocomposite","authors":"Delia Teresa Sponza","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2023(4)155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2023(4)155","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the photodegradability of tree micropollutants namely meprobamate (MEP), androstenedione (ADR) and estrogen (estrone (E1)) was investigated by a zinc oxide / zinc sulphide-biochar nanocomposite. SEM analysis results showed a porouse structure was detected in the surface nanocomposite when MP were not doped while its structure exhibited a crystal layer when the MPs were bound to the nanocomposite. XPS analysis showed characteristic peaks for Zn 2p, S 2p, C 1s, and O 1s while t The peaks near 1,026.88 and 164 eV were the binding points of Zn2p and S2p1/2, respectively. According to TEM results dark points was nor detected on the surface of the biochar while to these locations was reached at the upper layers of the biochar. EDS data exhibited a heterogen layer between C , O , Zn and S elements. The maximum photodegradation yields were 89%, 89 and 99% for MEP, ADR and E1 micropollutants at a increased from 45%, 53 and %60% up to 89%, 89 and 99%at a zinc oxide / zinc sulphide-biochar nanocomposite concentration of 2 mg/l at a zinc oxide to zinc sulphide ratio of 1 to 2 and at a pH of 7.00 after 15 min phottoxidation time. The produced nanocomposide can be reused 16 times with the same yields for micropollutants. After 17. Run the yields decreased only %1.","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129846582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitation of Iron Carbides in Heterogeneously Shaped Steel with Widmanstätten Structure","authors":"L. García, Growene W Queirós, J. Meseguer-Sánchez, J. Salazar, A. Criado, L. García","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2023(4)151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2023(4)151","url":null,"abstract":"We have been able to obtain by means of scanning electron microscopy, structural morphologies of iron carbide that being so singular become a definitive witness of the existence or not of incineration in the archaeological pieces of steel that present them. They present a very peculiar image, which proves their origin.","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123201367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on Hematological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Levels of Mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala","authors":"Vyshnav G, Sudhabose S, Rajan Mr","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2023(4)152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2023(4)152","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by using UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, EDAX, FTIR, and AAS. Toxicity tests were observed at 96 hours in different concentrations of magnesium oxide nanoparticles exposed in mrigal. The sub-lethal studies were conducted for 14 days. Biochemical and haematological parameters were estimated. The UV-Visible absorption spectra demonstrate that magnesium oxide nanoparticles were measured in the wavelength range of 200-1100. Morphological characteristics were observed by using SEM at the wavelength of 2µm. EDAX spectrum showed two peaks located between 0KeV to 10KeV. The peak at 1.2KeV comes from magnesium and the second peak at 0.3KeV indicates oxygen. XRD results confirmed the crystalline size of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and the approximate particle size is 10nm. The FT-IR spectrum was analysed at the wavenumber range of 400-4000cm-1and the functional groups are alcohols, alkaline, anhydride and sulfonate. Atomic absorption spectroscopies estimate the convergence of metallic components in magnesium oxide. Total protein and lipid content in the muscle, gill and liver of Mrigal is significantly increased and carbohydrate content decreased when reared in different magnesium oxide concentrations. All the blood parameters are gradually increased from lower concentration to higher concentration. In the DPPH assay, when hydrogen donating ability with the DPPH, the red colour turns to yellow colour. Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay showed that the polyunsaturated fatty acid moieties of cell damage in lower concentration compared to higher concentration.","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125610895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of a Novel Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Cobalt Molybdate (G-C3 n4 /ComoO4 ) Nanocomposites for the Doxycycline Removal by Photocatalytic Degradation in Pharmaceutical Industry Wastewaters and the Evaluation of Microtox (Aliivibrio Fischeri) and Daphnia Magna Acute Toxicity Assays","authors":"D. Sponza","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2023(4)149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2023(4)149","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a novel graphitic carbon nitride/cobalt molybdate (g-C3 N4 /CoMoO4 ) nanocomposites (NCs) as a photocatalys was examined during photocatalytic degradation process in the efficient removal of Doxycycline (DOX) from pharmaceutical industry wastewater plant, İzmir, Turkey. Different pH values (3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 7.0, 9.0 and 11.0), increasing DOX concentrations (5 mg/l, 15 mg/l, 30 mg/l and 45 mg/l), increasing g-C3 N4 /CoMoO4 NCs concentrations (1 mg/l, 2 mg/l, 3 mg/l, 4 mg/l, 6 mg/l, 8 mg/l and 10 mg/l), different g-C3 N4 /CoMoO4 NCs mass ratios (5/5, 6/4, 7/3, 8/2, 9/1, 1/9, 2/8, 3/7 and 4/6), increasing recycle times (1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6. and 7.) was operated during photocatalytic degradation process in the efficient removal of DOX in pharmaceutical industry wastewater. The characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were assessed using X-Ray Difraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra (DRS) analyses, respectively. The acute toxicity assays were operated with Microtox (Aliivibrio fischeri also called Vibrio fischeri) and Daphnia magna acute toxicity tests. ANOVA statistical analysis was used for all experimental samples. The maximum 99% DOX removal efficiency was obtained during photocatalytic degradation process in pharmaceutical industry wastewater, at 150 W UV-vis light irradiation power, after 180 min photocatalytic degradation time, at pH=9.0 and at 25°C, respectively","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130900759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}