Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research最新文献

{"title":"Advanced Reactor Concept (ARC) A Nuclear Energy Perspective","authors":"Alireza Paydar, Seyed Kamal Mousavi Balgehshiri, Bahman Zohuri","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2022(3)131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2022(3)131","url":null,"abstract":"Due to climate change on earth, governments are pursuing the policy of gradually reducing Greenhouse Effects. For example, country like Germany has an aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40% by 2030. However, they are also intent on shutting down nuclear power stations. This means that coal fired power stations are now working harder to make up the shortfall, and greenhouse gas emissions are on the rise. The intended increase in renewable energy generation is far too slow to compensate. Last year, coal burning was at its highest level in more than 20 years and with global rise of population, the demand for electricity also is on ascending curve correspondingly, yet if we arguably, consider that nuclear energy is a source of renewable energy, then is it fear to say that nuclear energy as a source of clean energy must sustain its existence. However, the question is how we can assure their operational safety and guarantee that the new generation as an advanced Small Modular Reactors (aSMRs) can deliver such a promise. This short review examines the advanced Generation IV (GEN-IV) in form of Advanced Reactor Concept (ARC) may be able achieve such high bar goal both from proliferation and non- proliferation point of view and reduces threat of any radiation leak based nuclear accident that we have encountered past few decades","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122934908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyses of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (Edta) in Selected Binary Immiscible Solvents: The Role of Partition Coefficient, kD","authors":"O. V. O., O. A. I., E. R. E.","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2022(3)124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2022(3)124","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The focus is on the extraction of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid from contaminants using binary immiscible solvents. The molecular distributions of EDTA in the binary solvents that are involved are the key factors that determine the magnitude of the partition coefficient. Methods: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was investigated in carbon tetrachloride-water, diethyl ether-water, and n-hexane-water binary solvents, at 30°C and atmospheric pressure, to determine the partition coefficients and the influence of interfering reactions, such as dimerization, ionization, etc. occurring with the distributions of the acid in the binary solvents and to ascertain the best binary solvent for the analyses of the acid. These analyses were done by titration. EDTA solute was introduced into the solvents and the concentrations of the pure molecules were calculated from the titration measurements. Results: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid has the distribution coefficient, kD value of 1.9213 in carbon tetrachloride-water system with the dimerization constant, K of -30.7821. It has the ionization constant, α of 0.0149 in this medium. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid has the kD value of 1.2186 in diethyl ether-water system and dimerization constant of -23.8972 with the ionization constant of 0.0687. The kD of EDTA in n-hexane-water system is 0.2035 with the dimerization constant of 2329.7237 and ionization constant of 0.0005. Conclusion: Distribution coefficient technique is used for solute-solvent extraction, and the beneficiation of minerals. A high distribution coefficient shows preferential solubility in the solvent that is involved and hence good separation. From the three systems used, carbon tetrachloride-water and diethyl etherwater systems are good for the analyses of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Carbon tetrachloride-water system is the best binary immiscible solvent, from the three systems investigated, for the extraction and purification of the acid. Good extraction and purification of EDTA in the recommended solvents will be done in several continuous steps.","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128226744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a Transformable Furniture: A Necessary Innovation for a Growing Population with a Fixed Land Mass","authors":"Taiwo O. Asonja","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2022(3)127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2022(3)127","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research was to develop a furniture set that consists of a multifunctional bed, study table and a cabinet. A room at Adeniyi hostel of Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria was used as case study. A pre-study was performed to define the problem area and to set the requirements for the furniture. The pre-study included: studies and discussions with students, literature review within the field, user survey, market search and ergonomics study. When the specification was set and clarified, the concept generation phase was started. Design methods were used to structure and support the design activity. In addition, principles of inclusive design were followed in order to end up with a design that would fit a larger part of the targeted customer group. The generated design concepts were assessed according to fulfillment of set requirements. One final concept was chosen for further development in the following detail design phase. This activity included specifying the design in detail, e.g. related to materials, colors and accessories. The collaboration with the supervisor was essential during the whole project for getting inspiration, feedback and important inputs to the design activity. Hence, the supervisor’s opinion was continuously considered along the design process. A prototype was made of the final design and tests were performed to assess the design and to get input for further development. The motive behind the research is to improve comfort of a growing population with a minimum cost and optimizing space.","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126579907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Employee Turnover on Organizational Performance: The Case of Bekas Chemicals Plc., Ethiopia","authors":"Bekele Shibru","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2022(3)125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2022(3)125","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of employee turnover on organizational performance of Bekas chemicals PLC. Both descriptive and explanatory research with mixed approach was chosen to study 231 samples from 544 current and ex-employees at Bekas chemicals PLC. Then through SPSS version 25 both descriptive and inferential analysis were made. The study found out that there are high cases of employee turnover in the organization. High rate of employee’s turnover negatively impacted organization performance since most of the experienced and highly productive staffs were lost and it took a long time to recruit new staff. The study concluded that causes of employees’ turnover that impacted negatively on organizational performance are psychological variable which included: job satisfaction and job security. The study recommended that the top management should deign strategies such as increased salaries and remuneration, providing recognition, and other to mitigate the problem.","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121001386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organophilicized Bentonite for Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue (MB) Dye in Aqueous Medium: Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies","authors":"Kelechi E. Onwuka, O. Atasie, P. O. Emole, Christopher U Aghalibe, Williams C Okafor, Nnamdi E. Enenwa","doi":"10.47363/jmsmr/2022(3)126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jmsmr/2022(3)126","url":null,"abstract":"HDTMA and TMPA cations intercalated bentonite clay has been assessed for the effective removal of methylene blue dye (MB) in aqueous solution. The adsorbents has been characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Various sorption parameters like effect of initial MB concentration, contact time and pH were used to investigate the sorption process. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms as well as Pseudo First order, Pseudo Second order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were applied to investigate the sorption mechanisms. Results from the adsorption experiment confirmed 180 minutes as equilibrium time for maximum sorption of MB by both organoclays. Increase in initial MB concentration resulted to a corresponding increase in the adsorption capacities of both organoclays. Adsorption of MB by the organoclays were highly influenced by pH, as maximum sorption of MB was achieved at pH of 7. Among the isotherm and kinetic models exploited, the Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo second order kinetic model gave best fit to the experimental data respectively. Results from thermodynamic studies showed that the process of adsorption of MB onto the organoclays were feasible, spontaneous and exothermic; and successful reapplication of regenerated spent organoclays (Bt-HDTMA and Bt-TMPA) yielded MB dye removal percentage of 89.6 and 85.3% respectively at 60 minutes contact time. Therefore, the results obtained from the entire study confirms the efficacy of HDTMA and TMPA intercalated bentonite clay for effective removal of cationic dyes in aqueous solution at optimal experimental conditions","PeriodicalId":210076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Manufacturing Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131005698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}