Studies of Applied Economics最新文献

{"title":"Geographic Information System Based Economic And Financial Risk Analysis: The Case Of Europe And Central Asia","authors":"Yusuf Kalkan, A. Çam","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i2.8239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i2.8239","url":null,"abstract":"The study has two purposes. The first purpose is, using the economic and financial risk factors determined by the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) rating agency, to reclassify the scores that countries get from these factors with the Jenks Natural Breaks (JNB) classification technique and to compare countries by creating their thematic maps according to this classification. The second purpose of our study  is to create economic and financial risk maps of countries by using the Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) method, which is one of the Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis techniques, based on the economic and financial risk factors determined by the ICRG. Before the GWR analysis for the variables included in the research, Moran Index analysis was performed as the main measurement of spatial autocorrelation. As a result of the Moran analysis, it was determined that there was a statistically significant positive autocorrelation between the countries. In other words, it has been seen that the countries examined have spatial dependence on each other in terms of economic and financial risk. According to the results of the GWR analysis, risk maps of the examined countries were created and more dynamic, more meaningful or more sensitive, more specific and visually easier to understand results were revealed. And according to these results, it has been seen that the GWR technique can also be used in the fields of economy and finance. In addition, the study brought a different interdisciplinary perspective  by bringing together the fields of economy, finance and geography.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114062088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Multifaceted Dimensions of the Wage Gap in Ecuador","authors":"N. Pontarollo, J. Segovia, Mercy Orellana","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i2.8729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i2.8729","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the determinants of wage gap differences based on gender, ethnicity, and area of residence (urban vs. rural) in Ecuador for the years 2007 and 2017. By combining the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition with unconditional quantile regression, we identify the extent to which the wage gap between two groups is due to characteristics (endowment) or unexplained factors at various points of the distribution, i.e. for low-, medium- and high-income workers. Results show that, on average, the gender and ethnic wage gap in 2017 increased slightly with respect to 2007, while the area wage gaps remained stable. However, progresses have mainly benefited those at the top of the income distribution, while disparities have widened for those at the bottom. As regards endowment effects, education mainly explains area and ethnicity wage gaps, while there is an important unexplained part that contributes more to gender wage differentials.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132386828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Social Media Advertising on Buying Decision of Young Group of Consumers in Bangladesh: A Study Dhaka City","authors":"Md. Nur Nobi, M. Rahman, Md. Mokshud Ali, Abu Obayda, Asaduzzaman Shohel, Tania Tani","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i2.9105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i2.9105","url":null,"abstract":"This study has run for investigating the impacts of social media advertising among the young group of people's buying decision of Bangladesh. To run this study the authors has developed a structured survey questionnaire by using the digital survey tool, through Google form. For this research an online survey through the social media platform, Facebook has used for collecting data from a convenience sample of 244 respondents, living throughout the Dhaka city. Besides, snowball sampling technique exerted for leveraging the referrals of the participating respondents within their acquaintance network through Facebook. Moreover, the Multiple Regression Analysis was performed to test the research hypotheses. Results show that among the six predictors, Source of Information, Uniqueness of Advertising, Time Saving, Security, Convenience of Ordering and Feedback significantly affects in young people's buying decision. Accordingly, all research hypotheses are supported by survey data: social media marketing increased by unit favorably influences Bangladeshi youth purchasing behavior by 53.5%, and the remaining 46.5% may be influenced by other non-market external and internal variables. Finally, the limitations and managerial implications of the study, along with future research avenues, have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123617193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auge y caída de los Fondos de Inversión Inmobiliarios españoles. La necesidad de revitalizar este producto financiero","authors":"Miguel Córdoba Bueno","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i2.8732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i2.8732","url":null,"abstract":"En la década de los años noventa del pasado siglo se produjo una auténtica explosión de innovación en los mercados financieros españoles, y en particular con la creación de los fondos de inversión inmobiliaria. Sin embargo, en la década siguiente y con el estallido de la burbuja inmobiliaria, los fondos que se comercializaban cayeron en pérdidas e incluso tuvieron que suspender los reembolsos temporalmente ante la ausencia de liquidez, hasta llegar a la actualidad que sólo existen dos fondos que además están en liquidación. Hoy nadie invierte en España en fondos de inversión inmobiliaria y, sin embargo, serían un producto idóneo para solucionar los actuales problemas de escasez de vivienda y de carestía del alquiler.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129649843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Board Attributes, Political Connections and External Auditor Pricing Behaviour in Nigeria: Statistical versus Machine Learning Analyses","authors":"Kenny Adedapo soyemi","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i2.9099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i2.9099","url":null,"abstract":"Anchored on Simunic’s audit fees model, this study examined the influence of a few board attributes on pricing behavior of external auditors in Nigeria. Besides, political connections that are largely prevalent among corporate entities in Nigeria, is also introduced as part of explanatory variables. Data were gathered from audited annual accounts and reports of 50 quoted non-financial firms for 7 years from 2014 – 2020, culminating into 350 data/set observations. Both statistical learning (SL) and machine learning (ML) data analytic techniques were adopted to estimate model specified for the study. The results indicated that firm size and political connections are effective determinants of pricing behaviour of auditors, accounting for 80% variations therein. This is similar to results obtained from machine language analysis. However, board attributes, as well as profitability (return on total assets), in addition to firm size and political connections, displayed positive and statistical significant relationship when BIG4 was adopted as proxy for pricing behavior of auditors. The statistical and machine learning analyses accounted for 21% and 86% variations in pricing behavior of auditors respectively. This study largely conforms to extant studies and aligns with demand-based perspective linking board attributes and audit pricing behavior. Consequently, board attributes, political connections, firm size and profitability are active variables available to firms, which must be effectively managed in order to influence the amount charged by external auditors in Nigeria.           ","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128727918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Market Exchange Rate Movement in Nigeria: Does Cryptocurrency Matters?","authors":"Felix Aberu, J. Ogede, Joseph Oluwaseun Ewarawon","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i2.9196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i2.9196","url":null,"abstract":"The movement of exchange rates generally had demonstrated unpredictable patterns over time as a traditional mode of payment, particularly the black or parallel exchange market that is already fueled by demand pressure. However, cryptocurrency and the parallel or black exchange market are global phenomenon traded outside the government strict regulations in Nigeria, hence, their economic implications and understanding by many persons, banks, policy-makers, governments, and companies remain a priori unclear. Therefore, this study investigates the impacts of cryptocurrency on black or parallel exchange rate market  movement in Nigeria from Jan, 2021 to April, 2023 using the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) regression analysis and Granger causality test to affirm the hypothesis that, cryptocurrency do not have significant impacts on black market exchange rate movement in Nigeria. The result of the ARDL shows that cryptocurrencies trading are core determinants of the black or parallel market exchange rate movement in Nigeria during the study period. Therefore, we concluded that cryptocurrency has a negative and significant impact on black market exchange rate movement in Nigeria from Jan. 2021 to April, 2023 and recommend that the government as a matter of urgency regulate cryptocurrency in order to curb the excesses that come with it just like in Japan, China, and Australia, since Nigeria still engages foreign currency controls as monetary policy tools, so as to improve on consumers’ confidence on the domestic currency.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116511317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How South Korea’s Economy Gained Momentum because of Covid-19","authors":"Pierre Rostan, Alexandra Rostan","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i2.9096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i2.9096","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the paper is to assess the resilience of the economy of South Korea following the Covid-19 pandemic that hit the global economy. Quarterly growth rates (annualized) of the Real GDP of South Korea and Japan are forecasted between Q2 2022 and Q4 2050. Two sets of forecasts are generated: forecasts using historical data including the pandemic (from Q1 1998 to Q1 2022) and excluding the pandemic (from Q1 1998 to Q3 2019). The computation of the difference of their averages is an indicator of the resilience of the economies during the pandemic. Used as a benchmark, Japan’s economy shows a lower resilience to the Covid-19 pandemic (+0.17%) than South Korea’s economy (+0.43%) based on Q2 2022-2050 forecasts. Driven by stronger growth than Japan, South Korea's GDP is expected to exceed Japan's by 2060.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130448913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the Determinants of Investment- The Case of Tunisia","authors":"Nesrine Dardouri, Abdelkader Aguir, Ramzi Farhani, Mounir Smida","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i2.7224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i2.7224","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyse the determinants of investment for developing countries, through the case of Tunisia, which is strongly affected by such a dynamic. Using the ARDL model on annual data for the period 1987 to 2020, we found evidence of a short- and long-term relationship between various social and economic variables and the investment. These findings have important policy implications for economic agents, politicians, and policymakers. This study is useful to identify the socioeconomic determinants of total investment in Tunisia.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124996207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign Trade, Employment and Economic Growth in Sudan: Econometric Analysis","authors":"Elwasila S. E. Mohamed","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i2.8697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i2.8697","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the relationships between foreign trade, employment and economic growth in Sudan over the period 1970-2017, with inflation and budget deficit as policy variables. Two autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) models were estimated with trade and economic growth as determinants of youth employment and total employment. Two other models were estimated to investigate how trade and each type of employment affect economic growth separately. The empirical results from the four models revealed existence of long run relationships between foreign trade, employment and economic growth. In the short run, trade, economic and population growth rates have stronger effects on youth employment than on total employment. In the long run, youth employment is found to be positively affected by economic growth and investment but negatively affected by population growth and the budget deficit, while total employment is only affected by population growth rate. Economic growth is found to be much explained by youth employment than by total employment and foreign trade. The study concludes that the internal factors in terms of inflation, budget deficit, investment and salaried workers are more important to employment and economic growth than the performance of foreign trade sector of Sudan. The policy implication is that youth employment should be given priority in labor and trade openness policy than targeting employment as a whole. For trade openness to play positive roles on employment and economic growth in Sudan, corrective policies for volumes and types of exports and imports are urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124572567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting University Graduates’ Employability in Egypt Using Egyptian University Students as a Case Study","authors":"H. Ead, Heba Fahmy, Abdallah Elbadry","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i2.8731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i2.8731","url":null,"abstract":"Employability refers to the process of gaining initial employment, maintaining employment, and successfully obtaining new employment if required. In simple terms, employability is about being capable of obtaining and keeping fulfilling work. Employability is having a set of skills, including knowledge, understanding, and personal attributes that make a person more likely to choose and secure occupations in which they can be satisfied and successful. Employability depends on knowledge (what you know), skills (what you do with what you know), and attitudes (how you approach things). In higher education, the employment of university graduates is influenced by many factors including institutional ranking, image, branding, and program structure. Therefore, university reputation in specific programs is important and affects the employability of graduates directly. \u0000In a recent paper by the corresponding author, we argued that university branding is critical for developing a favorable image and impacts one’s identity formation and promotion substantially, thus differentiating and placing one in a highly competitive context. In this paper, we will investigate the factors that influence employability among university graduates and determine which ones can affect the overall graduate employability of university graduates in Egypt. These factors include academic branding, academic performance, technical skills, communication skills, personality, leadership and motivational skills, and teamwork and problem-solving skills, taken as independent variables, while overall graduate employability was considered the dependent variable. In addition, we consider the impact of the university’s reputation on graduate employability. \u0000Survey methods were used on 500 graduates and undergraduates (fourth level) from different Egyptian universities who have not yet performed employability behavior, chosen at random, by using exploratory factor analysis to validate the items under those independent variables and structural equation modeling with AMOS to test the hypothesized relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The questionnaire had 20 questions, including demographic inquiries and questions about the abovementioned topics. The findings of this study can help scholars further investigate the employability aspects and guide fresh graduates in acquiring the required employability skills while assisting companies in recruiting suitable people with the required skills and performance.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131466070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}