Reviews in cardiovascular medicine最新文献

{"title":"Prognostic Significance of Homocysteine Levels in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Propensity Score Matching and Weighting Analysis.","authors":"Qianfeng Xiong, Shaoyong Chen, Junke Luo, Pengfeng Xiong, Zhenyun Nie, Lei Huang, Yao Wang, Zhen Lei, Lihui Zhang, Jing Wang","doi":"10.31083/RCM25518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/RCM25518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been linked to poorer outcomes in acute coronary syndrome. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of elevated Hcy levels for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 183 STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI at a tertiary university hospital in southern China from January 2020 to December 2021. Laboratory values, including Hcy levels, were obtained within 24 hours of admission. Patients were categorized into elevated and normal Hcy groups using a threshold of 12 μmol/L. The study outcome was the occurrence of 6-point MACE, defined as cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemia-driven revascularization (PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting), heart failure and all-cause death. Survival analyses were conducted using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard methods. Propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approaches were employed to minimize bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 64.8 years, with 76.0% being male. After adjusting with PSM or IPTW, covariate imbalances between the two groups were corrected. Over a median follow-up period of 25.8 months, 55 MACE events occurred, resulting in an event rate of 30.1%. Patients with elevated Hcy levels had a higher incidence of MACE in both unadjusted (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.778; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.591-4.850; <i>p <</i> 0.001) and adjusted analyses (PSM: HR = 2.995; 95% CI: 1.397-6.423, <i>p =</i> 0.005; IPTW: HR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.631-6.280, <i>p <</i> 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression further confirmed that elevated Hcy levels were associated with a worse prognosis across the entire cohort (HR = 1.062, 95% CI: 1.029-1.097, <i>p <</i> 0.001), PSM cohort (HR = 1.089, 95% CI: 1.036-1.145, <i>p <</i> 0.001), and IPTW cohort (HR = 1.052, 95% CI: 1.020-1.086, <i>p =</i> 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated plasma levels of Hcy (≥12 μmol/L) are associated with worse outcomes in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI, highlighting the potential role of Hcy as a prognostic marker in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"26 2","pages":"25518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Prostate-Specific Antigen and Gleason Scores on Cardiovascular Death in Prostate Cancer Patients after Radiotherapy or Chemotherapy: A Population-Based Study.","authors":"Huijuan He, Liyu Guo, Peipei Wang, Yuting Yang, Zhenxing Lu, Xiaoping Peng, Tianwang Guan","doi":"10.31083/RCM24940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/RCM24940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tumor characteristics are associated with the risk of cardiovascular death (CVD) in cancer patients. However, the influence of tumor characteristics on CVD risk among prostate cancer (PC) patients who have received radiotherapy (RT) or chemotherapy (CT) is often overlooked. This study explored the association between PC tumor characteristics and CVD risk in PC patients who had received RT or CT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fine-gray competitive risk analysis was employed to identify CVD risk factors. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to adjust for confounding factors. The predicted prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason score values were visualized using a nomogram, which was subsequently validated through calibration curves and concordance indexes (C-indexes).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 120,908 patients were enrolled in the study, with a mean follow-up time of 80 months. PSA values between 10 and 20 ng/mL (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-1.36, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and >20 ng/mL (adjusted HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.21-1.35, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and a Gleason score >7 (adjusted HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07-1.41, <i>p</i> = 0.004) were identified as risk factors of CVD for PC patients after RT or CT. The C-index of the training cohort was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.66-0.67), and the C-index of the validation cohort was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.65-0.68). Consistency was observed between the actual observations and the nomogram. Risk stratification was also significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PSA values ≥10 ng/mL and Gleason scores >7 may be associated with an increased risk of CVD in PC patients after RT or CT. These patients may require more long-term follow-up and monitoring of CVD risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"26 2","pages":"24940"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Outcome of the SGLT2 Inhibitor in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Siqi Hu, Ting Tang, Qingwen Yu, Xuhan Tong, Yao You, Shenghui Zhang, Chen Chen, Jiake Tang, Chunyi Wang, Hu Wang, Xinyan Fu, Juan Chen, Xingwei Zhang, Mingwei Wang, Ling Liu","doi":"10.31083/RCM26136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/RCM26136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unexpected cardiovascular events are likely to occur within a short period following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2-I) is a recently recommended drug for the treatment of AMI. However, its role in the risk of the outcomes following an AMI, including all-cause death and heart failure readmission, remains controversial. Therefore, in this study, we explored the effect of SGLT2-Is on cardiovascular outcomes after an AMI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched without language restrictions to retrieve case-control studies published before April 2024. Citations were independently screened by two authors, and the studies meeting the predefined inclusion criteria were retained. Data on author names, year of publication, location of the study group, gender and age of participants, outcome assessment, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and the follow-up period were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies were eligible for inclusion, and these studies showed that the use of SGLT2-Is after an AMI was significantly associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for heart failure (OR: 0.66, 95% CI 0.57-0.76, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and a lower incidence of major cardiovascular adverse events (OR: 0.79, 95% CI 0.70-0.89, <i>p</i> < 0.01), but was unrelated to a lower incidence of all-cause mortality (OR: 0.84, 95% CI 0.69-1.02, <i>p</i> = 0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with placebo, SGLT2-I therapy following an AMI can reduce the risk of heart failure hospitalization and the incidence of major cardiovascular adverse events, but has no effect on all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>The prospero registration: </strong>CRD42024542335, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024542335.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"26 2","pages":"26136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Mechanisms Driving Microcirculatory Enhancement: the Impact of Physical Activity.","authors":"Jianyu Li, Guochun Liu, Dong Zhang, Keying Zhang, Chunmei Cao","doi":"10.31083/RCM25302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/RCM25302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical activity induces many beneficial adaptive changes to blood vessel microcirculation, ultimately improving both health and exercise performance. This positions it an effective non-pharmacological therapeutic approach for the rehabilitation of patients with various chronic diseases. Understanding the impact of different types of physical activities on microcirculation and elucidating their physiological mechanisms is crucial for optimizing clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was performed across multiple databases including PubMed, EBSCO, ProQuest, and Web of Science. Following a rigorous screening process, 48 studies were selected for inclusion into the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Existing studies demonstrate that various forms of physical activity facilitate multiple positive adaptive changes at the microcirculation level. These include enhanced microvascular dilation-driven by endothelial cell factors and mechanical stress on blood vessels-as well as increased capillary density. The physiological mechanisms behind these improvements involve the neurohumoral regulation of endothelial cell factors and hormones, which are crucial for these positive effects. Physical activity also ameliorates inflammation markers and oxidative stress levels, upregulates the expression of <i>silent information regulator 2 homolog 3</i>, genes for hypoxia-inducible factors under hypoxic conditions, and induces favorable changes in multiple hemodynamic and hemorheological parameters. These structural and functional adaptations optimize myocardial blood flow regulation during exercise and improve both oxygen transport and utilization capacity, which are beneficial for the rehabilitation of chronic disease patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our provides a reference for using physical activity as a non-pharmacological intervention for patients with chronic conditions. This framework includes recommendations on exercise types, intensity, frequency, and duration. Additionally, we summarize the physiological mechanisms through which physical activity improves microcirculation, which can inform clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"26 2","pages":"25302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uric Acid to Albumin Ratio: A Predictive Marker for Acute Kidney Injury in Isolated Tricuspid Valve Surgery.","authors":"Yaoji Liao, Liuyuan Li, Jie Li, Feifei Zhao, Chongjian Zhang","doi":"10.31083/RCM26391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/RCM26391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The plasma uric acid/albumin ratio (UAR) has emerged as a novel inflammatory biomarker for predicting the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) following percutaneous coronary intervention. However, the potential of the UAR to serve as a predictive marker for AKI in patients undergoing isolated tricuspid valve (TV) surgery remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the association between the UAR and AKI and to assess whether the UAR can predict AKI in these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent isolated TV surgery between January 2018 and June 2019. The patients were divided into three groups based on the tertiles of the UAR. We utilized multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis to examine the association between the UAR and AKI. Additionally, we used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess the predictive accuracy of the UAR for AKI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 224 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 41 developed AKI. The incidence of AKI across the three UAR tertiles was 3.8%, 22.2%, and 29.7%, with a significant difference between the group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, UAR ≥8.5 was associated with a 7-fold increased risk of AKI (odds ratio (OR): 7.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61-37.14), while a UAR ≥10.8 was a linked to a 9-fold increased risk (OR: 9.34, 95% CI: 1.96-44.60). The restricted cubic spline model showed a linear association between the UAR and AKI development. The area under the curve (AUC) value for the UAR was 0.713 (95% CI: 0.633-0.793; <i>p</i> < 0.001) with a cutoff value of 8.89.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An increased UAR was significantly associated with a higher risk of AKI in patients undergoing isolated TV surgery; however, while the UAR could serve as a marker to predict AKI, it was not superior to uric acid alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"26 2","pages":"26391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Prediabetes on Ventricular Repolarization Markers in Electrocardiography.","authors":"Tolga Memioğlu, Mehmet İnanır, Kenan Toprak, Müjgan Gürler","doi":"10.31083/RCM26266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/RCM26266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The blood glucose levels in people with prediabetes mellitus (PDM) are regarded as too high to be normal but below the cutoff for diabetes mellitus (DM). Clinical indicators for PDM patients include impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and/or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels between 5.7 and 6.4% (39-47 mmol/mol). PDM has been shown to raises the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Meanwhile, death and morbidity can be predicted by the new ventricular repolarization features of the electrocardiogram (ECG). Several studies have analyzed the connection between DM and the ventricular repolarization characteristics of ECG; however, few studies have examined the connection between PDM and these ventricular repolarization characteristics. This study evaluated the ECG ventricular repolarization parameters in individuals with PDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective case-control design was used. Randomly selected participants included 79 PDM patients (30 men, mean age: 39.7 ± 5.7 years) and 79 controls (30 men, mean age: 39.8 ± 5.2 years). ECG intervals analyzed were the distance from the beginning of the Q wave to the end of the T wave (QT), the distance between Q and S waves (QRS), the distance between the T wave's termination and point J (JT), and the distance between the peak and endpoint of the T wave (Tp-e), along with corrected and derived measures (corrected QT interval (QTc), the difference between the maximum and smallest QT intervals (QTd), corrected QTd (QTdc), corrected JT interval (JTc), Tp-e/QT, Tp-e/QTc, Tp-e/JT, Tp-e/JTc). Patient records were retrieved from the institution's database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups had comparable averages for age, gender, smoking, hyperlipidemia, body mass index (BMI), (<i>p</i> > 0.05 for each). Similarly, both groups had similar QT, QRS, and JT intervals. PDM patients had significantly greater heart rates (bpm), and QTc, QTd, QTdc, JTc, and Tp-e intervals (millisecond, ms) than the control group. The results were deemed significant when HbA1c levels were associated with every employed ECG measurement in our investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study, the HbA1c value was shown to be moderately positively correlated with the heart rate and QTc, QTd, QTdc, JTc, and Tp-e intervals, all of which were determined to be significant. Additionally, the HbA1c value showed a weak positive correlation with Tp-e/QT, Tp-e/JT ratios, which were statistically significant. This study showed that patients with PDM are prone to ventricular arrhythmia in the early period of the disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"26 2","pages":"26266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes Risks of Statin Therapy-Coenzyme Q10 May Help.","authors":"Xiaorong Han, Jinxing Liu, Yingzhen Gu, Yifan Li, Wei Zhang, Naqiang Lv, Aimin Dang","doi":"10.31083/RCM26437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/RCM26437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Statin therapy is associated with an increased risk of new-onset diabetes (NOD), possibly due to a reduction in coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels as a result of statin use. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between exogenous CoQ10 supplementation and the development of NOD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 4394 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Baseline characteristics were compared between those with and without NOD and between those with and without CoQ10. Univariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with NOD. Two models were used for confounding factors, including demographics and various covariates. Multifactor logistic regression further assessed the association between CoQ10 supplementation and NOD. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential nonlinear relationship between daily CoQ10 dose and NOD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Univariate logistic regression showed an association between CoQ10 supplementation and a reduced risk of NOD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.323, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.157-0.668, <i>p</i> = 0.003), which remained significant after adjustments in model 1 (OR = 0.344, 95% CI 0.160-0.737, <i>p</i> = 0.006) and model 2 (OR = 0.232, 95% CI 0.057-0.942, <i>p</i> = 0.041). There was no evidence of a linear association between daily CoQ10 dose and NOD in logistic regression analysis (OR = 0.999, 95% CI 0.994-1.004, <i>p</i> = 0.720), and no evidence of a nonlinear correlation in the RCS analysis (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CoQ10 supplementation in individuals taking statins was associated with a reduced risk of NOD, and this association was independent of the CoQ10 dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"26 2","pages":"26437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Parameters in Patients under Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with High Pulse Pressure.","authors":"Qiang Ren, Xingbo Mu, Yushan Li, Jian Zhang, Yanchun Liang, Quanyu Zhang, Yaling Han","doi":"10.31083/RCM25847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/RCM25847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The correlation between cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters and the prognosis of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with high pulse pressure (PP) is unclear. The purpose of present study is to investigate the correlation of CPET parameters in patients under PCI with high PP and assess their reference value for prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals aged 18 years and older who were diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) and underwent PCI along with CPET from November 1, 2015 to September 30, 2021 were enrolled. The patients were categorized into two groups based on PP: high PP group (PP of males ≥50 mmHg; PP of females ≥60 mmHg) and normal PP group (PP of males <50 mmHg; PP of females <60 mmHg). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The optimal predictors of MACE were identified through Cox regression analysis. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was measured to evaluate the discriminatory ability in patients with high PP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2785 patients were included in present study, with a median follow-up period of 1215 (687-1586) days. Through multifactorial analysis, it was determined that peak oxygen uptake (peak VO₂, hazard ratio (HR): 0.94, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.88 to 1.00, <i>p</i> = 0.038) and ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO₂, HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.15, <i>p</i> = 0.007) are important predictive factors in the parameters of CPET. The ROC based on diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking, peak VO₂, and VE/VCO₂ could effectively evaluate the prognosis of patients [1-year AUC: 0.636 (0.515~0.758), 3-year AUC: 0.675 (0.599~0.752), 5-year AUC: 0.718 (0.607~0.830)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prognosis of CAD patients with high PP was worse compared to the patients with normal PP. The peak VO₂ and VE/VCO₂ were predictors of MACE in CAD patients with high PP.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"26 2","pages":"25847"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relation of Perivascular Adipose Tissues on Computed Tomography to Coronary Vasospasm.","authors":"Kazunari Asada, Yuichi Saito, Hiroyuki Takaoka, Hideki Kitahara, Yoshio Kobayashi","doi":"10.31083/RCM26327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/RCM26327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) can be used to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the characteristics of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), including PVAT volume and perivascular fat attenuation index (FAI). Moreover, PVAT volume and perivascular FAI on CTA are reportedly high in patients with vasospastic angina (VSA); however, previous investigations have focused on the patient rather than vessel-level analyses. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between coronary vasospasm and PVAT or FAI by using coronary CTA at the vessel level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 51 patients who underwent intracoronary acetylcholine (ACh) provocation testing for the VSA diagnosis and coronary CTA within a 6-month interval. A total of 125 coronary vessels were evaluated. PVAT and FAI on CTA were quantitatively evaluated. The primary interest of the present study was to determine the relationship between PVAT volume and FAI- and ACh-induced coronary vasospasms at the vessel level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 51 patients, 24 (47.1%) had a positive ACh provocation test (VSA), with 40 of 125 (32.0%) vessels having ACh-induced vasospasm. Obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease was observed in 12 vessels (9.6%). No significant differences in PVAT volume or FAI were identified between vessels with and without ACh-induced vasospasms. Similarly, PVAT volume and FAI did not differ significantly in the individual major coronary arteries between patients with and without positive ACh provocation test results. In contrast, FAI was significantly higher in vessels with obstructive coronary artery disease than in those without.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients undergoing intracoronary ACh provocation tests and coronary CTA, no significant association was observed between ACh-induced coronary vasospasm and PVAT volume or FAI at the vessel level. However, FAI significantly increased in vessels with epicardial coronary disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"26 2","pages":"26327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Indices in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Ruiyao Li, Yao Wang, Jing Xu, Jiahao Yu, Bin Li","doi":"10.31083/RCM25882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/RCM25882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) face a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aims to explore the impact of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on cardiovascular indices in this population. Although the benefits of n-3 PUFAs on cardiovascular health and glycemic outcomes are highly regarded, previous research reports have shown inconsistent results. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the specific effects of n-3 PUFAs on patients with T2DM. To examine the effect of n-3 PUFAs on cardiovascular indices in T2DM using a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online databases including PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane libraries were searched up to December 2023. We assessed the overall weighted mean difference in cardiovascular indices between the group supplemented with n-3 PUFAs and the control group. The differences were compared uniformly using pre- and post-treatment differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supplementation with n-3PUFAs in patients diagnosed solely with T2DM significantly reduced low density lipoprotein (LDL) (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -3.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -6.52 to -1.32, <i>p</i> = 0.003 < 0.05), triglycerides (WMD = -23.94, 95% CI = -34.95 to -12.93, <i>p</i> = 0.000 < 0.05), cholesterol (WMD = -8.39, 95% CI = -12.06 to -4.72, <i>p</i> = 0.000 < 0.05), glycated hemoglobin (WMD = -0.25, 95% CI = -0.41 to -0.06, <i>p</i> = 0.003 < 0.05) and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index (WMD = -0.55, 95% CI = -0.81 to -0.29, <i>p</i> = 0.000 < 0.05). All other differences in lipid indices, glycemic indices, inflammatory parameters and blood pressure were not statistically significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Supplementation with n-3 PUFAs decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration in patients with T2DM and coronary heart disease (CHD) (WMD = -3.92, 95% CI = -6.36 to -1.48, <i>p</i> = 0.002 < 0.05). There were no significant differences in LDL, triglycerides, cholesterol, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with T2DM and CHD (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>N-3 PUFAs improved lipid levels and long-term blood glucose levels in patients diagnosed solely with T2DM, but did not significantly improve blood pressure inflammatory markers. N-3 PUFAs showed no significant improvement in blood lipid and inflammatory indexes in patients with T2DM and CHD.</p><p><strong>The prospero registration: </strong>CRD42024522262, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024522262.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"26 2","pages":"25882"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}