Reviews in cardiovascular medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide on Older Patients with Heart Failure.","authors":"Zuowei Pei, Min Dong, Xuyang Meng, Wei Yao, Ying Guo, Fang Wang","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508297","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure (HF) is the main cause of death in middle-aged and older people and is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, a high rehospitalization rate, and many high-risk groups. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is widely present in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes and maintains the redox balance in the body, which can effectively treat HF. We sought to evaluate whether NAD⁺ therapy has some clinical efficacy in patients with HF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on using conventional drugs to treat HF, patients (n = 60) were randomized 1:1 to saline and 50 mg NAD⁺ with 50 mL of normal saline for 7 days. The baseline characteristics of patients before and after treatment and cardiac function (N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) value) were analyzed. Serological analysis (sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), sirtuin-6 (SIRT6), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and endothelin) was also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 60 patients with HF who were treated with NAD⁺ for 7 days, the improvement rate in NT-proBNP levels and LVEF values was better than in the saline group, although not statistically significant. These patients were more likely to benefit from NAD⁺ because of higher levels of anti-oxidative stress (SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6, and ROS) and anti-endothelial injury (endothelin) than those in the saline control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the results of this study, it is believed that 7 days of NAD⁺ injections has a positive effect on improving cardiac function, oxidative stress, and endothelial injury in patients with HF compared with the saline control.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/) ChiCTR2300074326; retrospectively registered on 3 August 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cardiopulmonary Function in Postoperative Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: A Meta-analysis.","authors":"Xiaozhen Guo, Yanran Si, Hairong Liu, Ling Yu","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508296","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508296","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on Peak VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (Oxygen Consumption) in postoperative patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Besides this, we also tried to discover whether the improvement was influenced by patient ages, modes of supervision, types of exercise, the total dose of exercise, intervention periods, and types of CHD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Following the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome Study Design (PICOS) principle, a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the intervention effects of aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary function in postoperative CHD patients until December 2023. This meta-analysis and publication bias tests were conducted using Stata 17.0, and the mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as effect sizes in statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 15 RCTs (762 cases) were included in this meta-analysis, with 407 cases in the experimental group and 355 cases in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise had a positive effect on Peak VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in postoperative CHD patients (MD = 2.14, 95% CI (1.34, 2.94), &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 36%). The analysis of subgroups showed that intervention effects of aerobic exercise were superior to the control group when patients were &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 18 years old (MD = 2.53, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00001), &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 18 years old (MD = 1.63, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01), under supervision (MD = 2.23, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00001), unsupervised (MD = 2.06, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00400), performing aerobic exercise (MD = 1.87, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0003), performing aerobic exercise combined with resistance training (MD = 2.57, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00010), with a total dose of exercise &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 1440 minutes (MD = 2.45, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00010), with the intervention period of 10-12 weeks (MD = 2.31, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00001), with that &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 12 weeks (MD = 1.97, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.00300), or with mixed types of CHD (MD = 2.34, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This meta-analysis did not deduct points for limitations, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, or publication bias, so the quality of evidence was graded as high. Aerobic exercise has a significantly positive impact on improving Peak VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in postoperative CHD patients. Moreover, it was found that for patients aged 18 and above, supervised aerobic exercise combined with resistance training, implemented for 10-12 weeks with a total dose of exercise &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 1440 minutes, had a better intervention effect on Peak VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. This finding provided","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomogram Model to Predict Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure.","authors":"Ruochen Xu, Kangyu Chen, Qi Wang, Fuyuan Liu, Hao Su, Ji Yan","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508293","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of acute heart failure (HF) that can prolong hospitalization time and worsen the prognosis. The objectives of this research were to ascertain independent risk factors of AKI in hospitalized HF patients and validate a nomogram risk prediction model established using those factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Finally, 967 patients hospitalized for HF were included. Patients were randomly assigned to the training set (n = 677) or test set (n = 290). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was performed for variable selection, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to search for independent predictors of AKI in hospitalized HF patients. A nomogram prediction model was then developed based on the final identified predictors. The performance of the nomogram was assessed in terms of discriminability, as determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and predictive accuracy, as determined by calibration plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of AKI in our cohort was 19%. After initial LASSO variable selection, multivariate logistic regression revealed that age, pneumonia, D-dimer, and albumin were independently associated with AKI in hospitalized HF patients. The nomogram prediction model based on these independent predictors had AUCs of 0.760 and 0.744 in the training and test sets, respectively. The calibration plots indicate a strong concordance between the estimated AKI probabilities and the observed probabilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A nomogram prediction model based on pneumonia, age, D-dimer, and albumin can help clinicians predict the risk of AKI in HF patients with moderate discriminability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Natural Low Molecular Weight Dicarbonyls in Atherogenesis and Diabetogenesis.","authors":"Vadim Z Lankin, Alla K Tikhaze, Mars G Sharapov, Galina G Konovalova","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508295","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarises the data from long-term experimental studies and literature data on the role of oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in atherogenesis and diabetogenesis. It was shown that not \"oxidized\" (lipoperoxide-containing) LDL, but dicarbonyl-modified LDL are atherogenic (actively captured by cultured macrophages with the help of scavenger receptors), and also cause expression of lectin like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (<i>LOX-1</i>) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 1 (<i>NOX-1</i>) genes in endotheliocytes, which stimulate apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction. The obtained data allowed us to justify new approaches to pharmacotherapy of atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pan-Immune-Inflammatory Value is Superior to Other Inflammatory Indicators in Predicting Inpatient Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Severe Coronary Artery Stenosis after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in STEMI Patients.","authors":"Li Yang, Jiongchao Guo, Min Chen, Yuqi Wang, Jun Li, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508294","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The inflammatory response to atherosclerosis is a process that leads to coronary artery disease. Pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) has emerged as a new and simple biomarker of inflammation. However, studies on the predictive power of PIV for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or the degree of coronary artery stenosis are scarce. We aimed to explore the predictive ability of PIV for MACE and the degree of coronary artery stenosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 542 patients who were diagnosed with STEMI and who underwent PCI between 2016 and 2023 and whose PIV and other inflammatory markers were measured. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, risk variables for MACE following PCI and severe coronary stenosis during hospitalization were assessed to create receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and determine the best thresholds for inflammatory markers. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of PIV and other inflammatory markers with the Gensini score (GS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the systemic inflammatory index (SII), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the PIV may have greater predictive value in terms of the occurrence of MACE and the degree of coronary stenosis after PCI in hospitalized STEMI patients. The correlation between the PIV and GS was strong.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PIV was superior to the SII, PLR, and NLR in predicting inpatient prognosis and severe coronary stenosis after PCI for STEMI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Relationships between Lipid-Lowering Drug Target and Aortic Disease and Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization.","authors":"Liang Yang, Mingyuan Xu, Xixi Gao, Jingwen Liu, Dingkai Zhang, Zhaohua Zhang, Zhidong Ye, Jianyan Wen, Peng Liu","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508292","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508292","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (&lt;i&gt;PCSK9&lt;/i&gt;), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (&lt;i&gt;HMGCR&lt;/i&gt;), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (&lt;i&gt;CETP&lt;/i&gt;) and apolipoprotein C3 (&lt;i&gt;APOC3&lt;/i&gt;) are pivotal regulators of lipid metabolism, with licensed drugs targeting these genes. The use of lipid-lowering therapy via the inhibition of these genes has demonstrated a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, concerns persist regarding their potential long-term impact on aortic diseases and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVS). This study aims to investigate causal relationships between genetic variants resembling these genes and aortic disease, as well as calcific aortic valve disease using Mendelian randomization (MR).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted drug-target Mendelian randomization employing summary-level statistics of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to proxy the loss-of-function of &lt;i&gt;PCSK9&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;HMGCR&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CETP&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;APOC3&lt;/i&gt;. Subsequently, we investigated the association between drug-target genetic variants and calcific aortic valve stenosis and aortic diseases, including thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and aortic dissection (AD).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The genetically constructed variants mimicking lower LDL-C levels were associated with a decreased risk of coronary artery disease, validating their reliability. Notably, &lt;i&gt;HMGCR&lt;/i&gt; inhibition exhibited a robust protective effect against TAA (odds ratio (OR): 0.556, 95% CI: 0.372-0.831, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004), AAA (OR: 0.202, 95% CI: 0.107-0.315, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 4.84 &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt;), and AD (OR: 0.217, 95% CI: 0.098-0.480, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0002). Similarly, &lt;i&gt;PCSK9&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CETP&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;APOC3&lt;/i&gt; inhibition proxies reduced the risk of AAA (OR: 0.595, 95% CI: 0.485-0.730, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 6.75 &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;-7&lt;/sup&gt;, OR: 0.127, 95% CI: 0.066-0.243, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 4.42 &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;, and OR: 0.387, 95% CI: 0.182-0.824, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.014, respectively) while showing a neutral impact on TAA and AD. Inhibition of &lt;i&gt;HMGCR&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PCSK9&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;APOC3&lt;/i&gt; showed promising potential in preventing CAVS with odds ratios of 0.554 (OR: 0.554, 95% CI: 0.433-0.707, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 2.27 &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt;), 0.717 (95% CI: 0.635-0.810, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 9.28 &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;-8&lt;/sup&gt;), and 0.540 (95% CI: 0.351-0.829, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.005), respectively. However, &lt;i&gt;CETP&lt;/i&gt; inhibition did not demonstrate any significant benefits in preventing CAVS (95% CI: 0.704-1.544, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.836). The consistency of these findings across various Mendelian randomization methods, accounting for different assumptions concerning genetic pleiotropy, enhances the causal inference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Our MR analysis reveals that genetic variants resembling statin administration are associated w","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Obesity Paradox with Consideration for Racial and/or Ethnic Differences: A Broad Review and Call to Action.","authors":"Joshua R Sparks, Xuewen Wang, Carl J Lavie, Xuemei Sui","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508291","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite decades of extensive research and clinical insights on the increased risk of all-cause and disease-specific morbidity and mortality due to obesity, the obesity paradox still presents a unique perspective, i.e., having a higher body mass index (BMI) offers a protective effect on adverse health outcomes, particularly in people with known cardiovascular disease (CVD). This protective effect may be due to modifiable factors that influence body weight status and health, including physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), as well as non-modifiable factors, such as race and/or ethnicity. This article briefly reviews the current knowledge surrounding the obesity paradox, its relationship with PA and CRF, and compelling considerations for race and/or ethnicity concerning the obesity paradox. As such, this review provides recommendations and a call to action for future precision medicine to consider modifiable and non-modifiable factors when preventing and/or treating obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Surgical Treatments of Left Ventricular Aneurysms.","authors":"Jun-Hang Jia, Wei Fu, Yi-Ping Sun, Cong Chen, Kui Zhang, Ran Dong","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508290","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite improvements in the early intervention of myocardial infarction (MI) in recent decades, left ventricular aneurysms (LVA) remain a major health concern, particularly in developing nations. The progression of MI can lead to the thinning of the myocardial wall and the formation of a ventricular wall bulge, characteristic of an LVA. Furthermore, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as the gold standard for LVA diagnosis due to its superior imaging capabilities. Notably, surgical ventricular reconstruction (SVR) is an effective treatment for LVA, aiming to restore the normal volume and structure of the left ventricle, thereby improving cardiac function. However, the criteria for selecting patients for SVR treatment remains a subject of debate. This review focuses on the current understanding of surgical indications, procedures, and prognostic risk factors that influence outcomes in left ventricular reconstruction, highlighting the need for precise patient selection to optimize surgical benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the Landscape of Coronary Microvascular Research: Trends, Triumphs, and Challenges Ahead.","authors":"Yingyu Wang, Bing Wang, Hao Ling, Yuan Li, Sunjing Fu, Mengting Xu, Bingwei Li, Xueting Liu, Qin Wang, Ailing Li, Xu Zhang, Mingming Liu","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508288","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) refers to structural and functional abnormalities of the microcirculation that impair myocardial perfusion. CMD plays a pivotal role in numerous cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries, heart failure, and acute coronary syndromes. This review summarizes recent advances in CMD pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment strategies, as well as ongoing challenges and future research directions. Signaling pathways implicated in CMD pathogenesis include adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/Krüppel-like factor 2/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (AMPK/KLF2/eNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE), Angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin-1 (ET-1), RhoA/Rho kinase, and insulin signaling. Dysregulation of these pathways leads to endothelial dysfunction, the hallmark of CMD. Treatment strategies aim to reduce myocardial oxygen demand, improve microcirculatory function, and restore endothelial homeostasis through mechanisms including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds exhibit therapeutic potential through multi-targeted actions. Small molecules and regenerative approaches offer precision therapies. However, challenges remain in translating findings to clinical practice and developing effective pharmacotherapies. Integration of engineering with medicine through microfabrication, tissue engineering and AI presents opportunities to advance the diagnosis, prediction, and treatment of CMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling Changes of Brachial Artery Residual Stress and Its Relationship to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors.","authors":"Jianxiong Chen, Lin Jin, Lei Sha, Mengmeng Cao, Lianfang Du, Zhaojun Li, Xianghong Luo","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508289","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Arterial pressure volume index (API) offers a non-invasive measurement of brachial artery residual stress. This study investigated API distribution characteristics and correlations with cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) factors in a large Chinese population sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study surveyed a total of 7620 participants. We analyzed the relationships between API and factors influencing CVD, using regression-based stepwise backward selection and restrictive cubic spline models to express relationships as standardized beta values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple linear regression analysis identified many independent factors influencing API including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR), hemoglobin, uric acid (UA), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), triglyceride (TC), and a history of hypertension. Notably, API values increased at 33 and escalated with advancing age. Increases in API were associated with rises in PP and UA increases, particularly when PP reached 60 mmHg and the UA reached 525 units. Conversely, API was found to decrease with elevated HR and eGFR. Furthermore, there was a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between API and BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study was the first to describe API distribution characteristics in a large sample of the Chinese population, providing references for evaluating API changes in the assessment of residual stress variations in diverse diseases. Notably, API displayed a U-shaped relationship with age and was closely related to traditional CVD risk factors, underscoring its potential as a non-invasive tool for risk assessment in vascular health.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>This research was registered with the China Clinical Trial Registration Center (Registration Number: ChiCTR2000035937).</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}