Reviews in cardiovascular medicine最新文献

{"title":"Jailed Balloon Technique Versus Jailed Wire Technique for Side Branch Ostium Protection in Bifurcation Lesions: Evidence from Three-dimensional Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis.","authors":"JianGuo Cui, Xun Wu, QinHua Jin, YunDai Chen","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508300","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is controversy regarding the effectiveness the of jailed wire technique (JWT) and jailed balloon technique (JBT) in preserving the side branch (SB) during treatment. This study compares the protective effect of JBT versus JWT on the SB ostium area in coronary bifurcation lesions using three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained data from coronary heart disease patients who received OCT-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for bifurcation lesions. The SB protection strategies were divided into JWT and JBT, with the latter further subdivided into active JBT (A-JBT) and conventional JBT (C-JBT). The primary endpoint was the SB ostium area difference measured by 3D-OCT before and after PCI. Partial correlation analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) was used to mitigate confounding biases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 207 bifurcation lesions from 191 patients were analyzed, including 136 lesions treated with JWT and 71 lesions treated with JBT. The SB ostium area was significantly greater in the JBT group compared to the JWT group (0.41 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 1.22 mm² vs. -0.25 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 1.40 mm², <i>p</i> = 0.001). Following 1:1 PSM to adjust for 60 pairs, the difference between groups was not statistically significant (0.28 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 1.06 mm² vs. -0.02 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 1.29 mm², <i>p</i> = 0.165). Subgroup analysis revealed that A-JBT provided superior protection in both true (0.47 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 1.22 mm² vs. -0.10 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 1.10 mm², <i>p</i> = 0.011) and non-true bifurcation lesions (0.56 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 1.43 mm² vs. -0.38 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 1.62 mm², <i>p</i> = 0.030) over JWT, while C-JBT provided protection similar to JWT. A positive partial correlation was observed between the diameter of the jailed balloon and the increase in SB ostium area (r = 0.296, <i>p</i> = 0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, A-JBT, but not C-JBT, provided better protection in bifurcation lesions compared to JWT. The larger diameter of the jailed balloon, rather than the application of higher pressure, enhanced the SB protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Complications in Cardiac Pacemakers: A Comprehensive Review and Management Strategies.","authors":"Anil Sriramoju, Shruti Krishna Iyengar, Komandoor Srivathsan","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508299","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The landscape of cardiac pacemaker technology has undergone significant evolution over the last two decades, transitioning from simple single-chamber devices to sophisticated multi-chamber rate-responsive systems and cardioverter defibrillators. This progression has introduced a complex array of complications inherent to device implantation and operation, encompassing both mechanical and clinical challenges. These complications notably include lead dislodgment, device migration, venous thrombosis, and hemothorax, which not only affect patient outcomes but also impose substantial economic burdens. This review meticulously analyzes these complications, elucidating their mechanisms, clinical implications, and the economic consequences associated with their management. It also outlines current and emerging strategies aimed at mitigating these complications, emphasizing the need for continual updates in clinical practices and protocols. Through this discourse, the review seeks to equip clinicians with a comprehensive understanding of these complications, thereby enhancing the safety and efficacy of cardiac pacing interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in Cardiovascular Disease Research Affected by Smoking.","authors":"Miaoxin Fu, Aihua Mei, Xinwen Min, Handong Yang, Wenwen Wu, Jixin Zhong, Chunlei Li, Jun Chen","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508298","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The harmful substances in tobacco are widely recognized to exert a significant detrimental impact on human health, constituting one of the most substantial global public health threats to date. Tobacco usage also ranks among the principal contributors to cardiovascular ailments, with tobacco being attributed to up to 30% of cardiovascular disease-related deaths in various countries. Cardiovascular disease is influenced by many kinds of pathogenic factors, among them, tobacco usage has led to an increased year by year incidence of cardiovascular disease. Exploring the influencing factors of harmful substances in tobacco and achieving early prevention are important means to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and maintain health. This article provides a comprehensive review of the effects of smoking on health and cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide on Older Patients with Heart Failure.","authors":"Zuowei Pei, Min Dong, Xuyang Meng, Wei Yao, Ying Guo, Fang Wang","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508297","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure (HF) is the main cause of death in middle-aged and older people and is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, a high rehospitalization rate, and many high-risk groups. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is widely present in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes and maintains the redox balance in the body, which can effectively treat HF. We sought to evaluate whether NAD⁺ therapy has some clinical efficacy in patients with HF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on using conventional drugs to treat HF, patients (n = 60) were randomized 1:1 to saline and 50 mg NAD⁺ with 50 mL of normal saline for 7 days. The baseline characteristics of patients before and after treatment and cardiac function (N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) value) were analyzed. Serological analysis (sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), sirtuin-6 (SIRT6), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and endothelin) was also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 60 patients with HF who were treated with NAD⁺ for 7 days, the improvement rate in NT-proBNP levels and LVEF values was better than in the saline group, although not statistically significant. These patients were more likely to benefit from NAD⁺ because of higher levels of anti-oxidative stress (SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6, and ROS) and anti-endothelial injury (endothelin) than those in the saline control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the results of this study, it is believed that 7 days of NAD⁺ injections has a positive effect on improving cardiac function, oxidative stress, and endothelial injury in patients with HF compared with the saline control.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/) ChiCTR2300074326; retrospectively registered on 3 August 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cardiopulmonary Function in Postoperative Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: A Meta-analysis.","authors":"Xiaozhen Guo, Yanran Si, Hairong Liu, Ling Yu","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508296","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508296","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on Peak VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (Oxygen Consumption) in postoperative patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Besides this, we also tried to discover whether the improvement was influenced by patient ages, modes of supervision, types of exercise, the total dose of exercise, intervention periods, and types of CHD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Following the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome Study Design (PICOS) principle, a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the intervention effects of aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary function in postoperative CHD patients until December 2023. This meta-analysis and publication bias tests were conducted using Stata 17.0, and the mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as effect sizes in statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 15 RCTs (762 cases) were included in this meta-analysis, with 407 cases in the experimental group and 355 cases in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise had a positive effect on Peak VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in postoperative CHD patients (MD = 2.14, 95% CI (1.34, 2.94), &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 36%). The analysis of subgroups showed that intervention effects of aerobic exercise were superior to the control group when patients were &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 18 years old (MD = 2.53, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00001), &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 18 years old (MD = 1.63, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01), under supervision (MD = 2.23, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00001), unsupervised (MD = 2.06, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00400), performing aerobic exercise (MD = 1.87, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0003), performing aerobic exercise combined with resistance training (MD = 2.57, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00010), with a total dose of exercise &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 1440 minutes (MD = 2.45, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00010), with the intervention period of 10-12 weeks (MD = 2.31, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00001), with that &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 12 weeks (MD = 1.97, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.00300), or with mixed types of CHD (MD = 2.34, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 0.00001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This meta-analysis did not deduct points for limitations, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, or publication bias, so the quality of evidence was graded as high. Aerobic exercise has a significantly positive impact on improving Peak VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in postoperative CHD patients. Moreover, it was found that for patients aged 18 and above, supervised aerobic exercise combined with resistance training, implemented for 10-12 weeks with a total dose of exercise &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 1440 minutes, had a better intervention effect on Peak VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. This finding provided","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomogram Model to Predict Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure.","authors":"Ruochen Xu, Kangyu Chen, Qi Wang, Fuyuan Liu, Hao Su, Ji Yan","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508293","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of acute heart failure (HF) that can prolong hospitalization time and worsen the prognosis. The objectives of this research were to ascertain independent risk factors of AKI in hospitalized HF patients and validate a nomogram risk prediction model established using those factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Finally, 967 patients hospitalized for HF were included. Patients were randomly assigned to the training set (n = 677) or test set (n = 290). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was performed for variable selection, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to search for independent predictors of AKI in hospitalized HF patients. A nomogram prediction model was then developed based on the final identified predictors. The performance of the nomogram was assessed in terms of discriminability, as determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and predictive accuracy, as determined by calibration plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of AKI in our cohort was 19%. After initial LASSO variable selection, multivariate logistic regression revealed that age, pneumonia, D-dimer, and albumin were independently associated with AKI in hospitalized HF patients. The nomogram prediction model based on these independent predictors had AUCs of 0.760 and 0.744 in the training and test sets, respectively. The calibration plots indicate a strong concordance between the estimated AKI probabilities and the observed probabilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A nomogram prediction model based on pneumonia, age, D-dimer, and albumin can help clinicians predict the risk of AKI in HF patients with moderate discriminability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Natural Low Molecular Weight Dicarbonyls in Atherogenesis and Diabetogenesis.","authors":"Vadim Z Lankin, Alla K Tikhaze, Mars G Sharapov, Galina G Konovalova","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508295","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarises the data from long-term experimental studies and literature data on the role of oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in atherogenesis and diabetogenesis. It was shown that not \"oxidized\" (lipoperoxide-containing) LDL, but dicarbonyl-modified LDL are atherogenic (actively captured by cultured macrophages with the help of scavenger receptors), and also cause expression of lectin like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (<i>LOX-1</i>) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 1 (<i>NOX-1</i>) genes in endotheliocytes, which stimulate apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction. The obtained data allowed us to justify new approaches to pharmacotherapy of atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pan-Immune-Inflammatory Value is Superior to Other Inflammatory Indicators in Predicting Inpatient Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Severe Coronary Artery Stenosis after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in STEMI Patients.","authors":"Li Yang, Jiongchao Guo, Min Chen, Yuqi Wang, Jun Li, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508294","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The inflammatory response to atherosclerosis is a process that leads to coronary artery disease. Pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) has emerged as a new and simple biomarker of inflammation. However, studies on the predictive power of PIV for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or the degree of coronary artery stenosis are scarce. We aimed to explore the predictive ability of PIV for MACE and the degree of coronary artery stenosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 542 patients who were diagnosed with STEMI and who underwent PCI between 2016 and 2023 and whose PIV and other inflammatory markers were measured. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, risk variables for MACE following PCI and severe coronary stenosis during hospitalization were assessed to create receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and determine the best thresholds for inflammatory markers. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of PIV and other inflammatory markers with the Gensini score (GS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the systemic inflammatory index (SII), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the PIV may have greater predictive value in terms of the occurrence of MACE and the degree of coronary stenosis after PCI in hospitalized STEMI patients. The correlation between the PIV and GS was strong.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PIV was superior to the SII, PLR, and NLR in predicting inpatient prognosis and severe coronary stenosis after PCI for STEMI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Relationships between Lipid-Lowering Drug Target and Aortic Disease and Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization.","authors":"Liang Yang, Mingyuan Xu, Xixi Gao, Jingwen Liu, Dingkai Zhang, Zhaohua Zhang, Zhidong Ye, Jianyan Wen, Peng Liu","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508292","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508292","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (&lt;i&gt;PCSK9&lt;/i&gt;), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (&lt;i&gt;HMGCR&lt;/i&gt;), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (&lt;i&gt;CETP&lt;/i&gt;) and apolipoprotein C3 (&lt;i&gt;APOC3&lt;/i&gt;) are pivotal regulators of lipid metabolism, with licensed drugs targeting these genes. The use of lipid-lowering therapy via the inhibition of these genes has demonstrated a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, concerns persist regarding their potential long-term impact on aortic diseases and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVS). This study aims to investigate causal relationships between genetic variants resembling these genes and aortic disease, as well as calcific aortic valve disease using Mendelian randomization (MR).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted drug-target Mendelian randomization employing summary-level statistics of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to proxy the loss-of-function of &lt;i&gt;PCSK9&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;HMGCR&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CETP&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;APOC3&lt;/i&gt;. Subsequently, we investigated the association between drug-target genetic variants and calcific aortic valve stenosis and aortic diseases, including thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and aortic dissection (AD).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The genetically constructed variants mimicking lower LDL-C levels were associated with a decreased risk of coronary artery disease, validating their reliability. Notably, &lt;i&gt;HMGCR&lt;/i&gt; inhibition exhibited a robust protective effect against TAA (odds ratio (OR): 0.556, 95% CI: 0.372-0.831, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004), AAA (OR: 0.202, 95% CI: 0.107-0.315, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 4.84 &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt;), and AD (OR: 0.217, 95% CI: 0.098-0.480, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0002). Similarly, &lt;i&gt;PCSK9&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CETP&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;APOC3&lt;/i&gt; inhibition proxies reduced the risk of AAA (OR: 0.595, 95% CI: 0.485-0.730, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 6.75 &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;-7&lt;/sup&gt;, OR: 0.127, 95% CI: 0.066-0.243, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 4.42 &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;/sup&gt;, and OR: 0.387, 95% CI: 0.182-0.824, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.014, respectively) while showing a neutral impact on TAA and AD. Inhibition of &lt;i&gt;HMGCR&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PCSK9&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;APOC3&lt;/i&gt; showed promising potential in preventing CAVS with odds ratios of 0.554 (OR: 0.554, 95% CI: 0.433-0.707, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 2.27 &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt;), 0.717 (95% CI: 0.635-0.810, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 9.28 &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;-8&lt;/sup&gt;), and 0.540 (95% CI: 0.351-0.829, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.005), respectively. However, &lt;i&gt;CETP&lt;/i&gt; inhibition did not demonstrate any significant benefits in preventing CAVS (95% CI: 0.704-1.544, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.836). The consistency of these findings across various Mendelian randomization methods, accounting for different assumptions concerning genetic pleiotropy, enhances the causal inference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Our MR analysis reveals that genetic variants resembling statin administration are associated w","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Obesity Paradox with Consideration for Racial and/or Ethnic Differences: A Broad Review and Call to Action.","authors":"Joshua R Sparks, Xuewen Wang, Carl J Lavie, Xuemei Sui","doi":"10.31083/j.rcm2508291","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.rcm2508291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite decades of extensive research and clinical insights on the increased risk of all-cause and disease-specific morbidity and mortality due to obesity, the obesity paradox still presents a unique perspective, i.e., having a higher body mass index (BMI) offers a protective effect on adverse health outcomes, particularly in people with known cardiovascular disease (CVD). This protective effect may be due to modifiable factors that influence body weight status and health, including physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), as well as non-modifiable factors, such as race and/or ethnicity. This article briefly reviews the current knowledge surrounding the obesity paradox, its relationship with PA and CRF, and compelling considerations for race and/or ethnicity concerning the obesity paradox. As such, this review provides recommendations and a call to action for future precision medicine to consider modifiable and non-modifiable factors when preventing and/or treating obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20989,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}