Respiration physiology最新文献_第7页

Avian intrapulmonary chemoreceptor discharge rate is increased by anion exchange blocker ‘DIDS’ 阴离子交换阻滞剂DIDS增加禽类肺内化学受体排出率

Respiration physiology Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00273-0

J.M Shoemaker , S.C Hempleman

{"title":"Avian intrapulmonary chemoreceptor discharge rate is increased by anion exchange blocker ‘DIDS’","authors":"J.M Shoemaker , S.C Hempleman","doi":"10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00273-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00273-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Avian intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC) are neurons that sense lung PCO2 and provide phasic feedback for the control of breathing in birds. To try to understand mechanisms of CO2 transduction and intracellular pH regulation in IPC, the anion exchange inhibitor 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS) was used to block transmembrane Cl−/HCO3− transport. Single-unit IPC discharge rates were measured at steady intrapulmonary CO2 levels and during step changes in CO2 in 15 anesthetized, unidirectionally ventilated adult mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Measurements were repeated after giving 50, 100 and 200 μmol/kg cumulative i.v. dosages of DIDS. Mean IPC discharge rates at steady (tonic) PCO2 levels were significantly increased by 100 and 200 μmol/kg DIDS, but not by 50 μmol/kg DIDS. Mean dynamic (phasic) IPC responses to CO2 steps were not significantly affected by DIDS. Results indicate that the DIDS-sensitive Cl−/HCO3− membrane exchanger is involved with tonic CO2 signal transduction in IPC. However, because some individual IPC were unaffected by DIDS, yet still altered their discharge rate with CO2, additional mechanisms besides the Cl−/HCO3− exchange are probably required for CO2 chemotransduction in IPC.</div>","PeriodicalId":20976,"journal":{"name":"Respiration physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00273-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82222777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Active glottal closure during anoxic gasping in lambs 羔羊缺氧喘气时的主动声门关闭

Respiration physiology Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00272-9

François Thuot , David Lemaire , Dominique Dorion , Patrick Létourneau , Jean-Paul Praud

{"title":"Active glottal closure during anoxic gasping in lambs","authors":"François Thuot , David Lemaire , Dominique Dorion , Patrick Létourneau , Jean-Paul Praud","doi":"10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00272-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00272-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The present study was aimed at assessing laryngeal dynamics and their consequences during anoxic gasping in ketamine-sedated lambs. We first verified that the glottis was closed between gasps during anoxic gasping in seven chronically instrumented lambs, aged 11–15 days. Recording of glottal constrictor muscle electrical activity, subglottal pressure and lung volume, together with endoscopic observation, confirmed the presence of active glottal closure with maintenance of a high lung volume between gasps. Secondly, we tested whether maintenance of a high lung volume between gasps improved autoresuscitation efficiency. Six sedated lambs aged 8–11 days underwent two anoxic runs, including one with an open tracheostomy to prevent maintenance of a high lung volume. Access back to air was allowed for gasping. No significant difference was found in time to eupnea resumption, hemodynamic parameters or arterial blood gases. We conclude that a high lung volume is actively maintained by glottal closure between anoxic gasps in sedated lambs. Further studies are however needed to define the importance of laryngeal dynamics during gasping.</div>","PeriodicalId":20976,"journal":{"name":"Respiration physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00272-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89037144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Ventilation, EELV and diaphragmatic activity in rats during chronic normobaric hypoxia 大鼠慢性常压缺氧时的通气、EELV和膈肌活动

Respiration physiology Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00286-9

Martin Vizek , Monique Bonora

{"title":"Ventilation, EELV and diaphragmatic activity in rats during chronic normobaric hypoxia","authors":"Martin Vizek , Monique Bonora","doi":"10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00286-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00286-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>We determined the effects of chronic hypoxia on end-expiratory lung volume (EELV), end-expiratory diaphragmatic activity (DE) and ventilation (<math><mtext>V</mtext><mtext>̇</mtext></math>E) in 27 intact (awake and anesthetized) and six carotid body-denervated (CBD; anesthetized) rats. Twenty-nine control animals were also studied. Recordings were made during hypoxia and normoxia before and after 2 or 3 weeks of hypoxia (+3 days of recovery from chronic hypoxia). In awake rats, 2 weeks of chronic hypoxia increased only normoxic <math><mtext>V</mtext><mtext>̇</mtext></math>E, while 3 weeks of chronic hypoxia did not change <math><mtext>V</mtext><mtext>̇</mtext></math>E or DE. In anesthetized intact rats, after both exposures, hypoxic and normoxic <math><mtext>V</mtext><mtext>̇</mtext></math>E tended to decrease, DE did not change and hypoxic and normoxic EELV were enlarged. In CBD animals, 2 weeks of chronic hypoxia did not affect hypoxic <math><mtext>V</mtext><mtext>̇</mtext></math>E but decreased normoxic ventilation and enlarged EELV similar to the intact animals. After 3 days of recovery in normoxia, all parameters except EELV were restored to prehypoxic values. Also, transition from hypoxia to normoxia induced parallel changes in EELV and DE while chronic hypoxia increased only EELV. Therefore, chronic normobaric hypoxia induced, (1) an increase in normoxic ventilation reflecting a process of acclimatization; (2) an enlargement of EELV that did not depend on changes in DE and carotid chemoreceptors.</div>","PeriodicalId":20976,"journal":{"name":"Respiration physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00286-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83601387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

p-Chlorophenylalanine eliminates long-term modulation of the exercise ventilatory response in goats 对氯苯丙氨酸消除山羊运动通气反应的长期调节

Respiration physiology Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00256-0

Rebecca A Johnson, Gordon S Mitchell

{"title":"p-Chlorophenylalanine eliminates long-term modulation of the exercise ventilatory response in goats","authors":"Rebecca A Johnson, Gordon S Mitchell","doi":"10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00256-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00256-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Repeated hypercapnic exercise augments future exercise ventilatory responses, an effect termed long-term modulation. We hypothesized that serotonin depletion with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 100mg kg−1 i.v.) would attenuate long-term modulation. Ventilation, CO2 production and arterial blood gases were measured at rest and during exercise (4kmh−1, 5% grade) in goats before and after training (14 hypercapnic exercise trials). Six post-training exercise trials were performed. Trials 1–3 and 4–6 were grouped for analysis (post-training 1 and 2, respectively). Without PCPA, training exaggerated the PaCO2 decrease from rest to exercise (pre-training: <math><mtext>1.4±0.3</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>mmHg</mtext><mtext>;</mtext></math> post-training 1: <math><mtext>3.1±0.3</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>mmHg</mtext><mtext>;</mtext></math> post-training 2: <math><mtext>2.3±0.3</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>mmHg</mtext><mtext>; P<0.05),</mtext></math> indicative of long-term modulation. The PaCO2 decrease from rest to exercise was unaffected by training following PCPA (pre-training: <math><mtext>1.4±0.1</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>mmHg</mtext><mtext>;</mtext></math> post-training 1: <math><mtext>1.4±0.3</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>mmHg</mtext><mtext>;</mtext></math> post-training 2: <math><mtext>1.1±0.5</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>mmHg</mtext><mtext>; P>0.05).</mtext></math> Thus, PCPA abolishes long-term modulation, implicating serotonin in its underlying mechanism.</div>","PeriodicalId":20976,"journal":{"name":"Respiration physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00256-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89211173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Environmental tobacco smoke as a risk factor for respiratory disease in children 环境烟草烟雾是儿童呼吸道疾病的一个危险因素

Respiration physiology Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00263-8

Peter J Gergen

引用次数: 62

Genetic and environmental modulation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺疾病的遗传和环境调节

Respiration physiology Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00258-4

Annyce S Mayer , Lee S Newman

引用次数: 57

Clinical and cellular effects of cytochrome P-450 modulators 细胞色素P-450调节剂的临床和细胞效应

Respiration physiology Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00267-5

Yohannes Tesfaigzi , Matthew Kluger , Wieslaw Kozak

{"title":"Clinical and cellular effects of cytochrome P-450 modulators","authors":"Yohannes Tesfaigzi , Matthew Kluger , Wieslaw Kozak","doi":"10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00267-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00267-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Stress stimulates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and leads to elevated glucocorticoid hormones (GCs). GCs reduce inflammation and suppress responses mediated by cytokines, including fever and pulmonary inflammation. Besides cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, cytochrome P-450 enzymes (CYP), referred to as epoxygenases, are also involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, implicating epoxygenases in regulating inflammation and the generation of fever. Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers fever in rats and mice, and administration of compounds known to induce CYP reduces LPS-induced fever, while inhibitors of CYP suppress fever. Consistent with these findings, inhibitors of CYP augment the elevation of LPS-induced prostaglandin E2 levels, an endogenous pyrogen, and administration of epoxygenase metabolites results in antipyresis. CYP inducers also reduce lung inflammation, the resulting mucous cell metaplasia, and the percentage of Bcl-2-positive mucous cells in rat airways after intratracheal instillation of LPS. Together, these observations indicate that CYP modulators may have therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects, and this pathway may be involved in stress-induced reduction of inflammation.</div>","PeriodicalId":20976,"journal":{"name":"Respiration physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00267-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84241390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Stress and influenza viral infection: modulation of proinflammatory cytokine responses in the lung 应激和流感病毒感染:肺促炎细胞因子反应的调节

Respiration physiology Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00266-3

Alexandria P Konstantinos , John F Sheridan

{"title":"Stress and influenza viral infection: modulation of proinflammatory cytokine responses in the lung","authors":"Alexandria P Konstantinos , John F Sheridan","doi":"10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00266-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00266-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Viral infection of the respiratory tract induces a complex series of cellular and molecular events leading to immunological responses designed to terminate viral replication. Anti-viral immunity involves natural resistance mechanisms that overlap and modulate the development of the subsequent adaptive immune responses. An experimental murine infection with influenza A/PR8 virus was used to examine the effects of stress-induced activation of the nervous and endocrine systems on components of innate immunity. Proinflammatory cytokine responses (IL-1α, IL-6 and TNFα) were measured in the lungs during an influenza A/PR8 viral infection. For activation of the nervous and endocrine systems, restraint stress (RST) was applied prior to and during infection. Following infection, IL-1α increased transiently, while elevated IL-6 persisted; TNFα was not detected. RST suppressed virally-induced IL-1α, while IL-6 was unaffected. These data demonstrate differential regulation of proinflammatory cytokines by stress. The mechanism underlying suppression of the lung IL-1α in stressed mice is currently unknown; its downregulation may contribute to increased viral pathogenesis in stressed individuals.</div>","PeriodicalId":20976,"journal":{"name":"Respiration physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00266-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78607648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 54

Relationship between pancreatitis and lung diseases 胰腺炎与肺部疾病的关系

Respiration physiology Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00259-6

Michael L Steer

引用次数: 67

Methods for modeling particle deposition as a function of age 粒子沉积随年龄变化的建模方法

Respiration physiology Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00270-5

Robert F Phalen, Michael J Oldham

引用次数: 50