Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery最新文献

{"title":"Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti- Oxidant Nutraceuticals and Herbal Products: An Overview of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies.","authors":"Sajal Jain,&nbsp;Harpal S Buttar,&nbsp;Meena Chintameneni,&nbsp;Ginpreet Kaur","doi":"10.2174/1872213X12666180815144803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X12666180815144803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation-induced endothelial abnormalities, dietary habits, and tobacco smoking are considered to be the primary risk factors for causing atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs), including Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disorders, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart defects, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Prevention of CVDs with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agents has been a challenging task for decades. Currently, CVDs have taken a top position among the health-related issues and are considered the foremost cause of mortality and morbidity around the globe.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Emerging evidence from several sources indicates that nutraceuticals and plant products may be a cost-effective approach for the prevention of CVDs. A limited number of clinical studies done with nutraceuticals have shown positive effects for promoting health and well-being as well as reduction of CVDs in humans. Some plants from which nutraceutical ingredients are isolated and will be discussed in this review are: Murraya koenigii, Curcuma longa, Beta vulgaris, Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Lagenaria siceraria Stand, Trigonella foenum-graecum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature searches were done using keywords for plants, nutraceuticals, and plant products that have revealed beneficial effects in the prevention of CVDs. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of nutraceuticeuticals and plant ingredients play a significant role in capturing free radicals and reducing endothelial risk factors associated with the occurrence CVDs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review has explored the usefulness of animal studies performed with nutraceuticals and herbal products and to understand their mode of action in the prevention of CVDs. Also, we have referred to patents for different nutraceuticals for better understanding their quantitative effects and dosage forms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is concluded that nutraceuticals possess enormous health benefits and their interventions can be highly beneficial in the prevention/reduction of CVDs and related disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart attack and stroke. The findings of this review provide an update on the emerging uses of nutraceuticals, functional foods, and herbal remedies in humans. Nevertheless, large-scale randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials are needed to confirm the health benefit claims about nutraceuticals and herbal products to establish their long-term safety and to resolve the controversy about the role of clinical nutrition in curing lifestyle diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":20960,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1872213X12666180815144803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36397718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Developing Prophylactics and Therapeutics to Counter Inflammatory, Allergic and Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Ashok Munjal,&nbsp;Hafiz M N Iqbal,&nbsp;Kuldeep Dhama","doi":"10.2174/1872213X1201180821095512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X1201180821095512","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20960,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1872213X1201180821095512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36436044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children.","authors":"Alexander K C Leung,&nbsp;Alex H C Wong,&nbsp;Kam L Hon","doi":"10.2174/1872213X12666180621163821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X12666180621163821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community-acquired pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity in developed countries and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term \"communityacquired pneumonia\". The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. Patents were searched using the key term \"community-acquired pneumonia\" from www.google.com/patents, http://espacenet.com, and www. freepatentsonline.com.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Generally, viruses, notably respiratory syncytial virus, are the most common cause of community- acquired pneumonia in children younger than 5 years. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause across all age groups. Other important bacterial causes in children younger than 5 years include Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis. In children 5 years or older, in addition to S. pneumoniae, other important bacterial causes include Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumonia. In the majority of cases, bacterial and viral pneumonia cannot be reliably distinguished from each other on clinical grounds. In practice, most children with pneumonia are treated empirically with antibiotics; the choice of which depends on the patient's age and most likely pathogen. Recent patents related to the management of community-acquired pneumonia are discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In previously healthy children under the age of 5 years, high dose amoxicillin is the treatment of choice. For those with type 1 hypersensitivity to penicillin, clindamycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin are reasonable alternatives. For children with a non-type 1 hypersensitivity to penicillin, cephalosporins such as cefixime, cefprozil, cefdinir, cefpodoxime, and cefuroxime should be considered. In previously healthy children over the age of 5 years, macrolides such as azithromycin and clarithromycin are the drugs of choice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20960,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1872213X12666180621163821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36248946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): An Overview of Treatment and Recent Patents.","authors":"Kam L Hon,&nbsp;Alexander K C Leung,&nbsp;Alcy R Torres","doi":"10.2174/1872213X12666180508122450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X12666180508122450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) refers to a clinical presentation in a patient without active epilepsy or other existing relevant neurological disorder, with new onset of refractory status epilepticus in the absence of a clear acute or active structural, metabolic, or toxic cause. Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) is a subset of NORSE that requires a febrile infection between 24 hours and 2 weeks prior to the onset of refractory status epilepticus, with or without fever at the onset of status epilepticus, and with no restriction to the age of the patient. The literature on FIRES is scarce.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article reviews the pathophysiology, clinical features, and various treatment modalities in the treatment of FIRES.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Medline/Pubmed search was conducted using Clinical Queries with the key terms \"Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome\", \"FIRES\", \"New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus\" and \"NORSE\". The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, reviews and pertinent references. Patents were searched using the key term \"FIRES\", \"NORSE\" and \"Febrile Epilepsy Syndrome\" from www.google.com/patents, www.uspto.gov, and www.freepatentsonline.com.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FIRES almost invariably begins with a mild nonspecific febrile illness in an otherwise healthy individual. Twenty-four hours to two weeks later, seizures begin and quickly become very frequent and worsen, becoming status epilepticus. Seizures can be simple motor, complex partial or secondary generalized. The exact etiology is not known. It is possible that the syndrome is caused by an inflammatory or autoimmune mechanism. Seizures in FIRES are notoriously very difficult to treat. Treatment modalities include, among others, various antiepileptic drugs, ketogenic diet, intravenous corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and burst-suppression coma. The outcome is poor; most children are left with significant cognitive disability and refractory epilepsy. Recent patents for the management of FIRES are discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FIRES is a rare epilepsy syndrome of unclear etiology in which children, usually of school age, suddenly develop very frequent seizures after a mild febrile illness. Seizures in FIRES are typically difficult to treat. The prognosis is poor.</p>","PeriodicalId":20960,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1872213X12666180508122450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36084863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Ocular Compatible Lipoids and Castor Oil in Fabrication of Brimonidine Tartrate Nanoemulsions by 3³ Full Factorial Design.","authors":"Rimple, Maria J Newton","doi":"10.2174/1872213X12666180730115225","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1872213X12666180730115225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brimonidine Tartrate (BRT) is used in the treatment of glaucoma. Brimonidine tartrate nanoemulsion was fabricated in this research work to enhance the permeability through barriers and faster onset of action and therapeutic effect.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To fabricate an ocular compatible nanoemulsion of brimonidine tartrate by using surfactant and co-surfactants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The experimental work involved compatibility studies by using FTIR, DSC and crystallinity study by XRD. The prepared nanoemulsion was studied by photon correlation spectroscopy by Malvern S90 for the particle size analysis and characterized for Z average value (d.nm.) and PDI. Further studies were conducted by laser light scattering technique by delsanano common and TEM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study demonstrated that the formulations BN2, BN3, BN10 demonstrated the z average value of 19.48, 22.14,26.50 d.nm. With 0.337, 0.270, 0.289 PDI respectively, the formulae BN2, BN3, BN10 demonstrated the distribution average diameter (nm) of 376.8 + 258.4, 542.8 + 494.4, 398.8 + 263.9 with the diameter of 267.5, 298.5, 272.7, respectively. The zeta potential of BN10 was -21.26 mV and other parameters such as TEM and drug release studies were also reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The nanoemulsion of brimonidine tartrate was prepared successfully by using castor oil, Lipoid S75 (Fat free soybean phospholipids with 70% phosphatidylcholine), Lipoid E80 (Egg phospholipids with 80% phosphatidylcholine) and PF- 68. The optimised formula demonstrated the lower droplet size, satisfactory zeta potential, and high drug loading and reproducible drug release profile. Brimonididne taratarate is reported in various recent patents for various applications and is the potential candidate for future therapy. Nanoemulsion is widely explored as potential alternatives for conventional ophthalmic formulation based approaches. It enhances the ocular bioavailability by reducing the drug protein binding, increasing the corneal resident time, enhancing the drug permeability and providing a sustained drug release.It reported a significant increase in therapeutic efficacy for various chronic ocular disease states of both the anterior and posterior ocular segments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20960,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1872213X12666180730115225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36355380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Promising Pharmacological Effects and Therapeutic/Medicinal Applications of Punica Granatum L. (Pomegranate) as a Functional Food in Humans and Animals.","authors":"Muhammad Saeed,&nbsp;Muhammad Naveed,&nbsp;Jannat BiBi,&nbsp;Asghar A Kamboh,&nbsp;Muhammad A Arain,&nbsp;Qurban A Shah,&nbsp;Mahmoud Alagawany,&nbsp;Mohamed E A El-Hack,&nbsp;Mervat A Abdel-Latif,&nbsp;Mohd I Yatoo,&nbsp;Ruchi Tiwari,&nbsp;Sandip Chakraborty,&nbsp;Kuldeep Dhama","doi":"10.2174/1872213X12666180221154713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X12666180221154713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Punica granatum L. (pomegranate), is a shrub mostly available in the Mediterranean Sea region. The fruits have gained the substantial attention among researchers due to their promising biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, immune modulatory, antitumor, wound healing and antifungal that have been attributed to various constituents of seeds, bark, juice, pericarp, and leaf of this tree across the globe. The phenolic compounds of pomegranate have been documented to possess numbers of prophylactic and therapeutic utilities against various pathological infections as well as non-infectious disorders.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current review expedites the pharmacological role of Punica granatum L. in curing elements related to infectious and non-infectious disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current review is based on literature and patents already available on various scientific databases highlighting the role of Punica granatum along with its therapeutic potentials against infectious and non-infectious disorders. The databases included under study were PubMed, Med line, PubMed Central, Science Direct and few other scientific databases. The information obtained through these diverse databases is compiled, critically interpreted and presented in the current study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multi-dimensional beneficial application of pomegranate plant is recorded. The pomegranate seed oil has phytoestrogenic compounds and the fruit is rich in phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant activity. The fruit and bark of pomegranate are used against intestinal parasites, dysentery, and diarrhea in different animals and human models. Since the ancient time the juice and seeds had considered the best therapy for throat and heart disorders. Ellagic acid is one of the main components of pomegranate with potent antioxidant activity. Results from different studies reported that Punica granatum L or its byproducts can be used as natural food additives in human and animal nutrition in order to boost immunity, microbial safety and provide the housing environment without affecting body weight gain. In addition, Punica granatum L. byproducts can modulate immune function and gut microbiota of broiler chickens as well as reduce the odorous gas emissions from excreta. Naturally occurring polyphenols in a pomegranate can be a potential alternative medicine for the prevention of avian Colibacillosis diseases and can also be used as an intestine astringent to relieve diarrhea and enteritis in chickens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present review gives the insight towards major components of pomegranate as well as their pharmacological activities against pathological disorders. In spite of many beneficial properties of Punica granatum L., more research evidence on a molecular basis is needed to find out the molecular mechanism of action in various animals and human","PeriodicalId":20960,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1872213X12666180221154713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35857081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Herbs with Special Emphasis on Herbal Medicines for Countering Inflammatory Diseases and Disorders - A Review.","authors":"Mohd I Yatoo,&nbsp;Arumugam Gopalakrishnan,&nbsp;Archana Saxena,&nbsp;Oveas R Parray,&nbsp;Noore A Tufani,&nbsp;Sandip Chakraborty,&nbsp;Ruchi Tiwari,&nbsp;Kuldeep Dhama,&nbsp;Hafiz M N Iqbal","doi":"10.2174/1872213X12666180115153635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X12666180115153635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diseases with inflammatory etiopathology have increased in incidence in recent times. Drugs used for therapeutic management of such inflammatory diseases are relieving the ailment but at the same time also countering serious life threatening consequences. Moreover, they are costly and rarely available at all places. In this context, research and development on medicinal herbs have opened a new era in the prophylactic and therapeutic management of inflammatory diseases.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To highlight the importance of anti-inflammatory medicine-synthetic drugs and natural herbs, their constituents, mechanism of action, benefits, side effects and future prospects. The overall aim is to provide better health services to patients regardless of their background on equality basis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anti-inflammatory herbs have proven beneficial by combating inflammatory responses that lead to severe abnormality in body systems. Inflammation though a protective response to infection or injury and may result in pathological outcome when aggravated or of severe degree thus needs an early intervention for proper resolution. Medicinal plants or their constituents are considered beneficial due to the properties i.e., satisfactory potency, ease of availability, cheapness, less or no side effects, safer and efficient as compared to the synthetic counterparts. These medicinal herbs contain phytoconstituents that can prevent undesirable inflammatory processes and also posses anti-inflammatory activity. Steroids, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, terpenoids, cannabinoids, fatty acids are common phytoconstituents present in these plants. Different mechanisms have been explored for the anti-inflammatory action of these active ingredients. They may synergize the anti-inflammatory pathway enzymes, factors, proteins or interfere with these in the inflammatory pathway like lipooxygenases, cyclooxygenases, tumor necrosis factors, interleukins, prostaglandin, nitric oxide, mitogenactivated protein, nuclear factor, etc. Considering all the above-mentioned factors, further research from molecular to cellular level will enable a better understanding of the mechanisms. Common antiinflammatory herbal plants are Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Rosmarinus officinalis, Borago officinalis, Urtica dioica, Uncaria tomentosa, Vaccinium myrtillus, Olea europaea and much more. They are believed to be without side effects unlike the chemical counterparts or synthetic anti-inflammatory agents e.g. steroids, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, and immunosuppresants used for controlling and suppressing inflammatory crisis. A proper phytochemical, pharmacological and physiological evaluation will enable their safe and effective use in inflammatory conditions. Many of these anti-inflammatory drugs and herbal preparations have been patented with some under consideration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: <","PeriodicalId":20960,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1872213X12666180115153635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35738396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Curcumin in Regulation of TNF-α Mediated Brain Inflammatory Responses.","authors":"Tirthraj Baj,&nbsp;Rohit Seth","doi":"10.2174/1872213X12666180703163824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X12666180703163824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation is a protective response of the body system that protects the body from the various kinds of external and internal insults; however, it has been found that most chronic illnesses are caused by dysregulated and excessive inflammation. Inflammation plays a major role in developing neurological diseases. In the brain cytokines, TNF-α and TNF-β are known to mediate inflammation in many diseases. Functions of these cytokines are regulated by the activation of transcription factor NF-κb. Recent evidence suggest that curcumin has an immense therapeutic potential because of its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. It has been tested for treating various chronic illnesses associated with the brain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to elucidate the role of curcumin in alleviating the inflammatory reactions initiated by TNF-α and NF-κb signaling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a survey of literature from sources like PubMed central, science direct, medline and available scientific databases to determine how inflammation plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases and the role of curcumin as an anti-inflammatory agent. Looking into the importance of curcumin in alleviating inflammatory responses, several patents are filed and accepted which are referenced in this article.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neuro-inflammation mediated by TNF-α plays a major role in the development of pathologies like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis etc. Curcumin appears to subside or reduce the inflammatory responses. Thus, it appears to have therapeutic potential for treating various neuroinflammatory diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cytokines get upregulated during neurodegenerative diseases as a result of which inflammatory responses are initiated in the brain. Curcumin is reported to have anti-inflammatory properties and thereby its supplementation may help in reducing the inflammation. Future research on this area will further explain the mode of action of curcumin in alleviating neuroinflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20960,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1872213X12666180703163824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36283578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous Larva Migrans.","authors":"A. Leung, B. Barankin, K. Hon","doi":"10.2174/1872213X11666170110162344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X11666170110162344","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Cutaneous larva migrans is one of the most common skin diseases reported in travelers returning from tropical regions. Western physicians, however, are often not familiar of this condition.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000To review in depth the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications, and treatment of cutaneous larva migrans.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term \"cutaneous larva migrans\". The search included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and reviews. Patents were searched using the key term \"cutaneous larva migrans\" from www.google.com/patents, www.uspto.gov, and www.freepatentsonline.com.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Cutaneous larva migrans is a zoonotic infestation caused by penetration and migration in the epidermis of filariform larva of different kinds of animal hookworms through contact with feces of infected animals. Cutaneous larva migrans is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. Clinically, cutaneous larva migrans is characterized by an intensely pruritic erythematous migrating tortuous or serpiginous, slightly raised track. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on the history of travel to an endemic area and exposure to contaminated soil/sand and the characteristic serpiginous track. Treatment options as well as recent patents related to the management of cutaneous larva migrans are also discussed. Compared with oral antihelminthics, topical treatment over the affected area is less effective. Oral ivermectin is the treatment of choice.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000The pruritic serpiginous track is pathognomonic. Oral ivermectin is the treatment of choice.","PeriodicalId":20960,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41993976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rifaximin - Chitosan Nanoparticles for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).","authors":"J. Kumar, A. Newton","doi":"10.2174/1872213X10666161230111226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X10666161230111226","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) cannot be controlled easily and the recurrence is the most challenging issue for the physicians. There are various controlled and colon targeted drug delivery systems available for the treatment with limited success rate. Nanoparticles prepared by using the colon targeted polymers such as chitosan may improve the IBD due to their smaller size, unique physico chemical properties and targeting potential.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000The aim of this investigation was designed to formulate and develop a colon targeted polysaccharide nanoparticles of rifaximin (RFX) by using linear polysaccharide chitosan, for the improvement of rifaximin solubility, overall therapeutic efficacy and colon targeting.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The research was focused on developing RFX nanoparticles for the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) by ionic gelation method. Nanoparticles were subjected to various characterization techniques such as XRD, FTIR and mean particle size (MPS) by Master Sizer and Zeta Sizer. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), drug entrapment efficiency and zeta potential are also determined for the developed formulations. The efficiency of drug release from prepared formulation was studied in vitro by using a dialysis bag diffusion technique in the buffer condition mimicking stomach, intestine and colonic pH conditions.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The prepared nanoparticles demonstrated the size in the nano range. The drug release profile was controlled in the upper GI tract and the maximum amount of drug was released in the colonic conditions. The prepared nanoparticles significantly improved the solubility of rifaximin. The zeta potential of the best chitosan preparation was found to be 37.79, which confirms the stability of prepared nanosuspension.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Nanoparticles with small particle size found to have high encapsulation efficiency and relatively high loading capacity and predetermined in vitro release profile.","PeriodicalId":20960,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42392467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}