Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Herbs with Special Emphasis on Herbal Medicines for Countering Inflammatory Diseases and Disorders - A Review.

IF 4.2 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Mohd I Yatoo, Arumugam Gopalakrishnan, Archana Saxena, Oveas R Parray, Noore A Tufani, Sandip Chakraborty, Ruchi Tiwari, Kuldeep Dhama, Hafiz M N Iqbal
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引用次数: 85

Abstract

Background: Diseases with inflammatory etiopathology have increased in incidence in recent times. Drugs used for therapeutic management of such inflammatory diseases are relieving the ailment but at the same time also countering serious life threatening consequences. Moreover, they are costly and rarely available at all places. In this context, research and development on medicinal herbs have opened a new era in the prophylactic and therapeutic management of inflammatory diseases.

Objective: To highlight the importance of anti-inflammatory medicine-synthetic drugs and natural herbs, their constituents, mechanism of action, benefits, side effects and future prospects. The overall aim is to provide better health services to patients regardless of their background on equality basis.

Results: Anti-inflammatory herbs have proven beneficial by combating inflammatory responses that lead to severe abnormality in body systems. Inflammation though a protective response to infection or injury and may result in pathological outcome when aggravated or of severe degree thus needs an early intervention for proper resolution. Medicinal plants or their constituents are considered beneficial due to the properties i.e., satisfactory potency, ease of availability, cheapness, less or no side effects, safer and efficient as compared to the synthetic counterparts. These medicinal herbs contain phytoconstituents that can prevent undesirable inflammatory processes and also posses anti-inflammatory activity. Steroids, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, terpenoids, cannabinoids, fatty acids are common phytoconstituents present in these plants. Different mechanisms have been explored for the anti-inflammatory action of these active ingredients. They may synergize the anti-inflammatory pathway enzymes, factors, proteins or interfere with these in the inflammatory pathway like lipooxygenases, cyclooxygenases, tumor necrosis factors, interleukins, prostaglandin, nitric oxide, mitogenactivated protein, nuclear factor, etc. Considering all the above-mentioned factors, further research from molecular to cellular level will enable a better understanding of the mechanisms. Common antiinflammatory herbal plants are Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Rosmarinus officinalis, Borago officinalis, Urtica dioica, Uncaria tomentosa, Vaccinium myrtillus, Olea europaea and much more. They are believed to be without side effects unlike the chemical counterparts or synthetic anti-inflammatory agents e.g. steroids, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, and immunosuppresants used for controlling and suppressing inflammatory crisis. A proper phytochemical, pharmacological and physiological evaluation will enable their safe and effective use in inflammatory conditions. Many of these anti-inflammatory drugs and herbal preparations have been patented with some under consideration.

Conclusion: Natural herbs are safe, effective and better options as anti-inflammatory agents than synthetic ones. The phytoconstituents are as effective with the comparable mechanism of action as synthetic molecules. Future research should focus on molecular mechanisms of different beneficial applications of these herbal plants in various diseases. Recent patents on anti-inflammatory drugs and herbal plants have been covered which provide insight into the current status and future prospects in this field.

抗炎药物和草药,特别强调抗炎症疾病和失调的草药-综述。
背景:近年来,炎症性疾病的发病率有所增加。用于治疗这些炎症性疾病的药物在缓解疾病的同时,也在对抗严重的危及生命的后果。此外,它们价格昂贵,而且很少在所有地方都能买到。在此背景下,草药的研究和开发为炎症性疾病的预防和治疗管理开辟了一个新的时代。目的:介绍抗炎药物——合成药物和天然草药的重要性、成分、作用机制、益处、毒副作用及发展前景。总的目标是在平等的基础上向病人提供更好的保健服务,不论其背景如何。结果:抗炎草药已被证明对对抗导致身体系统严重异常的炎症反应有益。炎症虽然是对感染或损伤的一种保护性反应,但当炎症加重或严重时可能导致病理结果,因此需要早期干预以适当解决。药用植物或其成分被认为是有益的,因为其特性,即令人满意的效力,易于获得,便宜,较少或没有副作用,与合成对应物相比更安全和有效。这些草药含有植物成分,可以防止不良的炎症过程,也具有抗炎活性。类固醇、糖苷、酚类、黄酮类、生物碱、多糖、萜类、大麻素、脂肪酸是这些植物中常见的植物成分。这些活性成分的抗炎作用机制已被探索。它们可以协同抗炎途径中的酶、因子、蛋白或干扰这些炎症途径中的酶、因子、蛋白,如脂氧化酶、环氧化酶、肿瘤坏死因子、白细胞介素、前列腺素、一氧化氮、有丝分裂原活化蛋白、核因子等。考虑到上述因素,进一步从分子水平到细胞水平的研究将有助于更好地了解其机制。常见的抗炎草本植物有姜黄、生姜、迷迭香、蒲公英、荨麻、钩藤、桃金娘、油橄榄等等。它们被认为没有副作用,不像化学对应物或合成抗炎剂,如类固醇、非类固醇抗炎药和用于控制和抑制炎症危机的免疫抑制剂。适当的植物化学、药理学和生理学评估将使其在炎症条件下安全有效地使用。许多这些抗炎药物和草药制剂已经获得专利,有些正在考虑中。结论:天然草药作为抗炎药安全、有效,是一种较好的选择。植物成分的作用机制与合成分子一样有效。今后的研究应着眼于这些植物在不同疾病中的不同有益应用的分子机制。本文介绍了近年来抗炎药物和草药类专利的研究进展,并对该领域的发展现状和前景进行了展望。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery publishes review articles by experts on recent patents in the field of inflammation and allergy drug discovery e.g. on novel bioactive compounds, analogs and targets. A selection of important and recent patents in the field is also included in the journal. The journal is essential reading for all researchers involved in inflammation and allergy drug design and discovery.
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