Restoration of Buildings and Monuments最新文献

{"title":"Durable Restoration of Reinforced Concrete Grillage Roof Shell of Ensor Gallery in Ostend (B)","authors":"S. Ignoul, D. Van Gemert","doi":"10.1515/rbm-2016-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2016-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The roof of the Ensor-gallery at Ostend is a cylindrical vault, constructed as a coarse grillage of reinforced concrete, with embedded reinforced concrete roof panels with prismatic glass tiles. The concrete ribs of the roof shell were heavily damaged by long term exposure to the chloride containing sea air, causing severe reinforcement corrosion. The paper presents the experimental data on the degradation, as well as the alternative approach used in the restoration project to avoid the loss of a major part of the authentic material. The approach is based on a combination of galvanic cathodic protection with embedded and bored in sacrificing anodes, the application of a chloride-inhibiting impregnation followed by a re-alkalizing treatment on the preserved parts, concrete repair and reconstruction with a self-compacting, shrinkage-compensating, polymer-modified repair mortar. Completely denuded steel reinforcement bars were replaced by glass fiber reinforced polyester rods.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"28 1","pages":"65 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81243483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation and Restoration of the Don José I Monument in Lisbon, Portugal. Part II: Metal Components","authors":"M. Matteini, J. Delgado Rodrigues, Rute I. Fontinha, A. E. Charola","doi":"10.1515/rbm-2016-5678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2016-5678","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The equestrian statue of D. José I, in Lisbon, is a masterpiece of the sculptor Joaquim Machado de Castro. It weights over thirty eight tons and was made in a single casting by Bartolomeu da Costa in a copper alloy (brass). After over two centuries exposure, the statue presented an unappealing heterogeneous appearance and showed some deterioration features that required attention. Preliminary studies showed that the deterioration phenomena were typical of copper alloys exposed to outdoor urban environments. The proximity of the seacoast also contributed to some specific decay mechanisms. The highly contrasting patterns of the superficial patinas consisted of black dense deposits covering an original cuprite layer side by side with the common green deposits of basic copper sulfates, hydroxides and chlorides. The highly corrosive nantokite was present in sheltered areas, where chlorides are able to accumulate. The conservation intervention included cleaning, mostly carried out with low pressure jets of round glass beads. Onsite tests were made to select the cleaning levels required to match the areas of black and green patinas. A reddish brown cuprite layer was found underneath most of the areas with black dense deposits, while it could only be perceived by transparency on the green covered areas. When a high contrast remained between the two areas, these were mitigated with the application of water colors during the final protection phase. Nantokite active areas were passivated with sodium oxalate after the entire statue was first washed with clean water and treated with lime water to leave an alkaline reserve to slow down the eventual corrosion process, and the sculpture rinsed with ethanol to accelerate its drying. The final protection was made with Paraloid B44 and microcrystalline waxes.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"20 1","pages":"81 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75341989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","authors":"Ö. Cizer","doi":"10.1515/rbm-2015-3000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2015-3000","url":null,"abstract":"The articles presented in this issue deal with different aspects of restoration of historic monuments at urban, building and materials level through three case studies, and a review work on bioconsolidation of stone masonry. In the restoration of historic monuments one of the main challenges of the architect is to give a new function and identity to the monument, which needs to be appreciated and well perceived by the society. The first article “Revitalisation of the ruin.s of the Abbey-Tower at SintTruiden” reports a case study on the restoration of a tower conceived to be a key element between the town and the abbey site in Sint-Truiden in Belgium. The authors, D. Van Gemert and K. Brosens as the engineers and H. van Meer as the architect of this restoration project, reflect how societal sense can change the perception and appreciation of restoration decisions, and how a right reconciliation between monument, society and urban texture can lead to a successful restoration for the city by making the monument accessible and visible to the public. This can only be done with the active involvement of all parties of local society, local authorities, historians, technicians, architects and engineers in the restoration project. The presented case study represents a nice example on how a monument can be integrated successfully in the built and social environment so that it will contribute to the urban identity and its sustainable development. Another crucial item, which must be taken into consideration in the restoration of historic monuments, is the structural interaction between building and foundation. The second article presented by Van Gemert et al. reports structural deformations induced by the earlier foundation interventions that were performed inappropriately as part of an earlier restoration project in 1949–1950 as well as by non-balanced forces from the vaults of St Martin church at Meise in Belgium. A concrete footing placed in this earlier restoration under the total length of the south wall of the nave of the church was discovered as a result of archaeological excavations performed preceding the planned foundation works. Besides inappropriate execution of refilling of masonry joints with cement mortar has been identified as one of the main reasons for the observed cracks and deformations. Based on these findings, the authors have adapted a global restoration concept that was strongly simplified to consolidate the foundation, masonry and vaults. In the third article, another case study is reported on the materials level. Tarek Nazel has investigated the characteristics and damage problems of main construction materials of limestone, brick and mortar used in the construction of Sharaf Al-Din Mosque. This historic monument, dating back to the 14 century, represents an important example of Cairo’s Islamic historic architecture composed of polychrome technique with alternating courses of different building materials. However, the current state ","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"29 1","pages":"v - v"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78268643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Stratified Significance of a Historic Façade as a Basis for a more Durable Conservation Approach","authors":"Nathalie Van Roy, K. van Balen, E. Verstrynge, S. Naldini","doi":"10.1515/rbm-2015-1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2015-1004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In heritage conservation, a gap is often observed between the theory of conservation as a durable process that aims at the preservation of a historic building and the practice of restoration as a single intervention that aims at a fast and convincing result. This paper describes the proposed approach for the conservation of the main façade of the Shoemakers Chapel (in Dutch: Schoenmakerskapel) in Antwerp (Belgium), a listed monument since 1976. It serves as an example of how to develop a durable and realistic approach for the conservation of a sixteenth century façade. The basis for the conservation approach is the understanding that each intervention should take the stratified significance of the historic façade into account. In this paper, it will be shown how to combine a study of the façade from a technical point of view with an analysis of the façade as a carrier of cultural significance.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"52 1","pages":"137 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78888234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Mineral and Polymer Binder Material Science for Sustainability in Construction and Restoration","authors":"D. Van Gemert, Ö. Cizer","doi":"10.1515/rbm-2015-2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2015-2001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study of microstructure formation in polymer-cement concrete provides opportunities to exploit synergetic actions between cement and polymer, leading to performance improvement and to a wide range of new and innovative properties and applications. Polymers can reduce the impact of construction industry on environment, by decreasing the carbon footprint of cement and concrete production. Renovation and restoration, largely figuring in the concept of sustainable construction development, thank their growing share in construction activity to the input of polymers in repair and binder materials and in rehabilitation procedures. The study of ancient binders and mortars reveals aspects of the origins of the observed long lasting durability of those ancient mortars. It also reveals the interaction mechanisms between carbonation of air hardening components and hydration of hydraulic components, which in turn helps to develop chemical activation methods (i.e. alkaline activation) to improve the hydraulic properties of pozzolans and industrial residues to develop inorganic polymers (i.e. geopolymers) for eventually full replacement of cement in binders.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"16 1","pages":"149 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77772424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation of Historic Railway Masonry Arch Bridge: A Case Study","authors":"S. Elwan","doi":"10.1515/rbm-2015-1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2015-1002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research outlines a case study for the structural rehabilitation of a historic masonry arch bridge. The major part of the railway bridge was destroyed due to high flood. The remaining parts were evaluated from structural point of view. A detailed investigation for the historic and current state of the bridge was performed. A precise description for the structural system, main elements, method of construction, materials used, and internal component was done. Also, 3D finite element analysis was conducted for the proposed rehabilitated bridge in order to identify the level of internal stresses in different structural components of the arch bridge under the effect of dead loads, live loads, wind loads, seismic loads, water flow rate, and temperature changes. The results of the finite element modeling together with the structural studies and investigations were used to develop structural guidelines for the rehabilitation project taking into account the proposed new usage as a historic walkway and the hydrological requirements as a structure over flood flow channel.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"47 1","pages":"107 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72588263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salts in Masonry: An Overview of the Problem","authors":"A. E. Charola, C. Bläuer","doi":"10.1515/rbm-2015-1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2015-1005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the key deterioration factors for porous inorganic building materials are soluble salts. To be able to remediate or mitigate this problem it is fundamental to understand the principal processes governing their behavior. While the actual mechanisms involved in these processes are still under study, the deterioration can be mitigated or remediated by the long practical experience gained in the field. The paper aims to provide an overview of the basic principles that rule the interaction of salts with the porous inorganic material. Understanding these will allow the development of appropriate procedures to control the deterioration process.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"1 1","pages":"119 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91327895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of the Water-Porous Building Materials Interactions","authors":"A. E. Charola, E. Wendler","doi":"10.1515/rbm-2015-2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2015-2006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Water is one of the key deterioration factors for porous building materials and has the capability of enhancing the deleterious effect of other factors such as air pollution and biocolonization, among others. The focus of the paper is the interaction of water with the porous inorganic materials: how does water enter the pore system, and how does it leave it? How does the presence of clays or soluble salts in porous materials affect these mechanisms? Pairwise examples are provided to illustrate the varying behavior of water in different materials. Also addressed is the importance of the pore size distribution on the behavior of water and its transport mechanisms. The aim of the paper is to synthesize the key points required to understand why water enters a porous system, in what way it is distributed within it, and the slow manner in which it departs, since time of wetness is fundamental in enhancing the effect of co-factors.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"36 1","pages":"55 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75512948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Influence of Hydrophobic Treatment on the Electrical Conductivity of Mortar and Brick","authors":"Kathrin A. Otten, K. Littmann, Ragna L. Fege, Xenia Oremek","doi":"10.1515/rbm-2015-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2015-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study evaluates the suitability of electrical resistance-based moisture content measurements, which are known to guarantee reliable values for moisture contents of wood, when applied to selected mineral building materials with and without water-repellent treatment. For the testing specimens of cement – mortar and solid brick were produced – the water-repellent treatment for the mortar specimens was carried out both by internal hydrophobization and surface treatment, while the bricks were hydrophobized by surface treatment only. For the measurements of electrical resistance electrodes were inserted into the specimens. For this purpose a borehole was drilled and the measuring point at the tip of the electrodes was glued conductively into the material. The remaining outer part of the electrodes was sealed with electrically isolating glue in order to establish a conductive connection in the middle of the specimens only. After storage at different relative humidity, the electrical resistance of the specimens was recorded using data logging devices. Based on gravimetrically measured moisture contents resistance characteristics for each material were established. A satisfying accuracy resulting from the comparison between gravimetrically measured and mathematically calculated material moisture contents confirmed the suitability of electrical resistance based moisture content measurements for selected treated and untreated mineral materials.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"34 1","pages":"67 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79764862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revalorization of Structural Floor Systems in the Twentieth Century: An Overview","authors":"K. Brosens, G. Heirman, S. Ignoul, D. Gemert","doi":"10.1515/rbm-2015-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2015-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Towards the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century new technological evolutions and material developments gave rise to different modular structural flooring systems, which allowed light but strong floors to be constructed. This paper gives an overview of the evolution in flooring systems, their durability problems, and how to solve them. Similar systems also have been used for roof constructions. The strengthening of an atypical vaulted roof structure in the “Het Depot” theatre in Leuven, composed of terracotta arch and panel elements, showing its specific problematic and its specific revalorization approach serves as a case study to illustrate the methodologies applied.","PeriodicalId":20957,"journal":{"name":"Restoration of Buildings and Monuments","volume":"60 1","pages":"81 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78724129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}