Research & Development in Material Science最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones and Catchment Sensitive Farming on Water Quality in UK: Case Study of Ingbirchworth and Scout Dyke Reservoirs","authors":"H. Nadir, A. Ahmed","doi":"10.31031/RDMS.2021.14.000848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RDMS.2021.14.000848","url":null,"abstract":"The rivers and water streams are considered as a source of fresh drinking water for the human being on earth. The main source of water entering to these reservoirs is surface run off, snow melting and underground water. The water at the river’s mouth is generally in the form of small streams which are considered clean but as they flow down the catchment, pollutants and nutrients start to enter in larger amounts due to anthropogenic activities and advanced land use by human beings. As per inspection of chief inspector “Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI)” in 2016, out of more than 4600 water bodies and 3700 rivers in England, only one sixth could get “good” status and two third could get “moderate” status as per European union standards. This is though a good achievement in Europe but alarming also, as all rivers are required to have achieved specified “good” standards by 2021 (extended to 2027 for some categories). This phenomenon is pronouncing more complications in drinking water reservoirs or compensatory reservoirs from where water is taken out to utility companies and treated for domestic water supply incurring an enormous cost on its treatment before human consumption. The clean water standards can be achieved only if a strict control is implemented on entry of pollutants/ nutrients from surface run off using thorough catchment scale sensitive strategies. UK has been implementing strict measures under Environment Agency (EA), Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and other organizations like “Natural England”, “River Trust” and water utility/ supply companies to achieve desired standards of water quality in rivers by managing the whole catchment as per European union water framework directive (EU WFD) 2000.The catchment sensitive farming and nitrate vulnerable zones policies were started in 1992 and has been in full practice by implementing different stewardship schemes and fertilizers control measures in farmlands and arable lands. Ingbirchworth reservoir and Scout Dyke compensatory reservoir have been under catchment sensitive stewardship schemes to control quantities of nutrients especially nitrates and other pollutants since 2006 to maintain good quality water reservoirs for drinking and compensation to Don river. A partial success has been achieved in controlling the values of nitrates, phosphates, and suspended solids to enter from catchment farmlands by controlling the use of slurry/ fertilizers and implementation of good farming techniques. However, temporal and special variations show a variable result of presence of nitrates, phosphates and suspended solids at different streams in different times, more than specified limits of 11.3mg/L, 0.1mg/L and 25mg/L respectively. This requires more holistic efforts to control the bad practices in farming in adjacent farm/arable lands and improvements in stewardship schemes for catchment sensitive farming in Ingbirchworth areas.","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74804191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grape Seeds the Nontraditional Source for Achieving Bio-Nanomaterials Addressing Antibacterial, Anticancer and Antidiabetic Functions","authors":"W. Fattah","doi":"10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000846","url":null,"abstract":"Grape seeds extract contains high concentrations of vitamin E, linoleic acid and flavonoids. Recently, standard grape seed extracts are reported for the treatment of a wide range of health problems concerned with free radical damage, including diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Also, grape seeds extract can be used as a dietary supplement for various conditions, including venous insufficiency (when veins have problems sending blood from legs back to heart), reducing inflammation and promoting wound healing [1]. Furthermore, Grape seed extract has also been shown to protect against bacterial infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Some studies, mostly in animals, support these uses [2].","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74395106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of Lead‑Free Perovskite: Ca0,08Na0,92Sn0,08Nb0,92O3 Ceramic","authors":"A. Oueslati","doi":"10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000847","url":null,"abstract":"Multiferroics are materials in which at the same phase there are at least two ferroic features, i.e., ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism or ferroelasticity [1,2]. The most interesting due to their potential applications are perovskite materials of the general formula ABO3. These materials are becoming increasingly widespread, such as in electronics, microelectronics, radiation detectors and electromechanical transducers [3-5]. In particular, there has been a growing interest in studying the Piezoelectric compounds mostly due to their properties such as the simplicity of crystallographic structure, their flexibility and their ability to change the physical characteristics by ionic substitutions on different structural sites. Especially, materials derived from sodium niobate NaNbO3 which are the subject of several studies due to their effective dielectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and electro-optical properties [6]. These materials are widely studied as active materials in the acoustic domain, starting from the energy recovery to the actuator through the ink jet print head [7].","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91296813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure Effect on Humidity Diffusion through Polyester/Glass Fiber Composite in Sea Water","authors":"Mohamed Ounaies","doi":"10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000845","url":null,"abstract":"The hygrothermal behavior of the polyester/glass fiber composite is studied under the effect of the pressure in sea water. Fillers additives Aluminum Silicate Pigments are inserted to the composite material. Humidity absorption is made through one lateral side, under different temperature. The humidity con centration is higher on the surface and it continuously decreases toward the core of the material. At high temperature, the humidity absorption curve falls. It is caused by the coalescence of cracks propagating through the composite material, which are created by the stress concentration at a point of the free vol ume existing in the material. The rise of the percentage of the fillers additives and the pressure induces an augmentation of the diffusion coefficient and the amount of absorbed humidity. The finite element method is utilized to present a numerical model of the humidity absorption process. The comparison between numerical and experimental results confirms that the hygrithermal behavior of the polyester/ glass fiber composite could be numericallypredicted.","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89819774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Phase Formation In The Cute-As2te3System","authors":"Aliyev, Ismailova Sh, Kuluzade Es, Gashimov Km","doi":"10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000844","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that compounds and solid solutions based on arsenic chalcogenides occupy an important place among the materials used in optoelectronics [1-3]. Copper chalcogenides and alloys based on them as thermionic and superionic materials are widely used in radio and electronic engineering [4,5]. Some quasi-binary sections with the participation of arsenic chalcogenides and the Cu-As-Se (Te) ternary system have been investigated in the literature [6,7]. However, there is no data in the literature on interactions in the CuTe-As2Te3 system. The aim of this work is to synthesize and study the interaction in the CuTe-As2Te3 system, as well as to search for new semiconducting phases and solid solutions. The CuTe compound melts incongruently at 367 °C and crystallizes in a rhombic syngony with unit cell parameters: a= 3.16; b= 4.07; c= 6.92 Å, sp. gr. Pmmm-D2h [8]. According to [9], the CuTe compound melts incongruently at 400 °C. The As2Te3 compound melts with an open maximum at 381 °C and crystallizes in monoclinic syngony with lattice parameters: a= 14.339; b= 4.006; c= 9.873Å, β= 95°, sp.gr. C2/m, the density is ρ= 6.25g/cm3 [10]. Experimental Part","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83939175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About Application of the Overset Grid Method for Fluid Structure Interaction Problems in 3D Codes Based on Modification of Godunov Scheme Uniform for Both CFD and CSD","authors":"A. M","doi":"10.31031/rdms.2020.14.000843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rdms.2020.14.000843","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87310062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permeability of MgCl2- Graphite Reactive Compound","authors":"K. Udell","doi":"10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000842","url":null,"abstract":"Mass transfer limitations due to decreasing permeabilities of the absorbing matrix has been observed to decrease the performance of thermochemical energy storage systems. In this study, the permeability of a reactive complex consisting ammoniated magnesium chloride salt and graphite was measured. It was shown that the permeability of the compound depends on the bulk density of the compound, as well as the amount of NH3absorbed in the magnesium chloride matrix. Additionally, the permeability of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) ammoniate reactive compound is compared with the permeability of the manganese chloride (MnCl2) reactive compound reported by other researchers. The two salts have similar reactions with ammonia gas with similar reaction kinetics. Although the graphite contents of the reactive compounds were different, it is shown that the permeabilities of both compounds are within the same order of magnitude. However, it is shown that upon absorbing ammonia, the permeability decrease in magnesium chloride compound was larger than the decrease of permeability in the manganese chloride compound.","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78832701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Firefighting Suits: Futuristic Materials and Designs for Enhanced Comfort","authors":"P. Roy, Praveen Rajput, Mahipal Meena","doi":"10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000841","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aims to briefly overview the protective clothings being used by the firefighters during structural firefighting operations. Future directions towards improving the physiological comfort level offered by the ensemble without compromising on the level of protection against heat loads are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87062926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"World of Nanobionics","authors":"N. Khan","doi":"10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000840","url":null,"abstract":"Nanobionics involves the manipulation of nanomaterials to be employed in several applications in areas like medical, textile, plant biotechnology, microbial technology etc. by enhancing the performance of their existing functions such as higher productivity, in molecular","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76857678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological Research of Zinc Extraction from Elazığ Simitsonite Ore","authors":"M. D. Turan","doi":"10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RDMS.2020.14.000839","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc is primarily produced from sulphidic ores; however, some zinc is produced from oxide-carbonate ores and different secondary resources such as zinc ash, zinc dross, flue dusts of electric arc furnace, leach residues, etc. Pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical routes or their combination can be employed for treating secondary materials. The hydrometallurgical processes are regarded as more eco-friendly for treating such materials having a low zinc content [1,2].","PeriodicalId":20943,"journal":{"name":"Research & Development in Material Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77961202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}