Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Oxidative stress associated with indicators of endothelial dysfunction in bipolar disorder.","authors":"Shang-Ying Tsai, Pao-Huan Chen, Martha Sajatovic, Yu-Jui Huang, Shan Hung, Kuo-Hsuan Chung","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13831","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13831","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"425-426"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding heterogeneity in psychiatric disorders: A method for identifying subtypes and parsing comorbidity.","authors":"Aidas Aglinskas, Alicia Bergeron, Stefano Anzellotti","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13829","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Most psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders are heterogeneous. Neural abnormalities in patients might differ in magnitude and kind, giving rise to distinct subtypes that can be partly overlapping (comorbidity). Identifying disorder-related individual differences is challenging due to the overwhelming presence of disorder-unrelated variation shared with healthy controls. Recently, Contrastive Variational Autoencoders (CVAEs) have been shown to separate disorder-related individual variation from disorder-unrelated variation. However, it is not known if CVAEs can also satisfy the other key desiderata for psychiatric research: capturing disease subtypes and disentangling comorbidity. In this paper, we compare CVAEs to other methods as a function of hyperparameters, such as model size and training data availability. We also introduce a new architecture for modeling comorbid disorders and test a novel training procedure for CVAEs that improves their reproducibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We use synthetic neuroanatomical MRI data with known ground truth for shared and disorder-specific effects and study the performance of the CVAE and non-contrastive baseline models at detecting disorder-subtypes and disentangling comorbidity in brain images varying along shared and disorder-specific dimensions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CVAE models consistently outperformed non-contrastive alternatives as measured by correlation with disorder-specific ground truth effects and accuracy of subtype discovery. The CVAE also successfully disentangled neuroanatomical loci of comorbid disorders, due to its novel architecture. Improved training procedure reduced variability in the results by up to 5.5×.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showcase how the CVAE can be used as an overall framework in precision psychiatry studies, enabling reliable detection of interpretable neuromarkers, discovering disorder subtypes and disentangling comorbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"406-414"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the raphe nuclei of patients with autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Keiko Iwata, Kazuhiko Nakabayashi, Keisuke Ishiwata, Kazuhiko Nakamura, Yosuke Kameno, Kenichiro Hata, Hideo Matsuzaki","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13830","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a strong genetic basis, yet its genetic complexities remain elusive. Current research highlights environmental factors and epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, as crucial in ASD development. This exploratory study addresses a gap in understanding epigenetic regulation in the dorsal raphe (DR)-a region regulating multiple neurotransmitters and implicated in ASD-by examining DNA methylation profiles in postmortem ASD and control brains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We comprehensively analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the DR brain region (seven controls and five ASD) using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina). Additionally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure messenger RNA levels of differentially methylated genes in ASD (11 controls and six ASD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between ASD and controls. These DMRs were located among various genomic regions, including promoters, gene bodies, and intergenic regions. Notably, we found hypermethylation in genes related to olfaction (e.g. OR2C3), which is regulated by serotonin. Additionally, we observed that the hypomethylation of promoter-associated CpG islands in RABGGTB, a gene related to autophagy and synaptic function, corresponded with its increased expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings reveal extensive DNA methylation changes in critical genomic regions, shedding light on potential mechanisms underlying ASD. The identification of RABGGTB as a novel candidate gene, not listed in the SFARI database, underscores its significance and warrants further research to explore its role in ASD diagnosis. This study enhances our understanding of the epigenetic landscape in ASD, emphasizing the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in its pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"415-424"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of kynurenine pathway metabolites in the severity of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.","authors":"Hamit Hakan Alp, Faruk Kurhan, Halil İbrahim Akbay","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13819","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by repetitive thoughts and behaviors. The kynurenine pathway has been increasingly implicated in psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of kynurenine pathway metabolites, including serotonin and tryptophan, in patients with varying degrees of OCD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred fifty OCD patients and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. Patients were divided into mild-moderate, severe, and extremely severe OCD groups based on their Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores. Serum levels of serotonin, tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), 3-hydroxykynurenine, quinolinic acid and picolinic acid were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed to evaluate the predictive value of these analytes for OCD severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serotonin and tryptophan levels were significantly decreased in OCD patients compared to healthy controls, while kynurenine pathway metabolites were significantly increased in patients with OCD. Serum levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites increased with severity in OCD patients. As a result of ROC analysis, serotonin, tryptophan and kynurenine pathway metabolites had higher AUC values in distinguishing OCD patients from healthy volunteers, while kynurenine and tryptophan had higher AUC values in distinguishing disease severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study clarifies the role of the kynurenine pathway in the pathophysiology of OCD and suggests that kynurenine pathway metabolites, especially kynurenine, may serve as useful biomarkers to diagnose and differentiate OCD severity. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore therapeutic implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"378-388"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotonin syndrome induced through a combination of oxycodone and amitriptyline: A case report.","authors":"Ryo Asada, Hiroko Sugawara, Shun Inoue, Hikaru Hori","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13828","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13828","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"427-428"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sense of smell is a possible screening tool for identification of cognitive decline.","authors":"Shinsuke Koike","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13838","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"369"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to [Reevaluating Antipsychotic Polypharmacy in Schizophrenia: A Broader Perspective on Social Recovery].","authors":"Yuhei Mori, Risa Shishido, Mizuki Hino, Akiko Sato, Atsuko Nagaoka, Hiroshi Hoshino, Masataka Hatano, Yuto Hosogai, Itaru Miura, Yasuto Kunii","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13834","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article relates to Reevaluating Antipsychotic Polypharmacy in Schizophrenia: A Broader Perspective on Social Recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"430-431"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of impaired olfactory identification with prevalent mild cognitive impairment and regional brain atrophy: the Hisayama Study.","authors":"Toshifumi Minohara, Tomoyuki Ohara, Taro Nakazawa, Naoki Hirabayashi, Yoshihiko Furuta, Mao Shibata, Jun Hata, Takanari Kitazono, Tomohiro Nakao, Toshiharu Ninomiya","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13813","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the association of olfactory identification ability with both the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and regional brain atrophy in a community-dwelling older population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1293 participants without dementia aged 65 years or older underwent a Japanese version of the 4-Item Pocket Smell Test, an assessment of cognitive function, and brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning in 2017-2018. Regional gray matter volumes (GMVs) and white matter lesions volume (WMLV) were estimated using FreeSurfer software. The association of impaired olfactory identification with the presence of MCI and regional GMVs or WMLV was estimated by logistic regression analysis and ANCOVA, respectively. We also assessed the association between impaired olfactory identification and GMVs without regions of interest, using a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with impaired olfactory identification had a significantly higher likelihood of MCI than those without (odds ratio, 1.99 [95% confidence interval, 1.36-2.91]). In the FreeSurfer analysis, participants with impaired olfactory identification had significantly lower GMVs in the entorhinal cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus, and higher WMLV than those without. The VBM analysis also showed that impaired olfactory identification was significantly associated with lower volume of the left entorhinal cortex, left amygdala, left hippocampus, bilateral thalami, and bilateral subcallosal areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that cognitive function and brain changes may need to be evaluated in older individuals with impaired olfactory identification, which may reflect the extent of neurodegeneration, WMLV, and subsequent cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"370-377"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of time perception in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury and psychiatric disorders comorbidity.","authors":"Jie Li, Yu-Jing Wang, Xiao-Li Liu, Yi Zhang, Xiao-Na Zhu, Di Zhao, Ti-Fei Yuan, Dong-Sheng Zhou","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13825","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalent behavior that is associated with various mental disorders characterized by self-injury without suicidal intent. However, both the neurobiological bases and indicators of suicidal risk remain elusive, impeding the intervention of this disorder. NSSI is regulated by the reward system, which also regulates time perception. This study aimed to investigate time perception characteristics in NSSI patients and to evaluate their potential for identifying suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort study was conducted, which involved 93 NSSI and psychiatric disorders comorbidity (NPC) patients and 84 healthy controls. Participants completed psychological scales and temporal reproduction tasks to determine the characteristics of time perception in adolescents with NPC. Follow-up assessments were conducted 3 months later to evaluate the emergence of STBs. Logistic regression and nomograms were utilized to explore the predictive value of time perception characteristics on STBs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adolescents with NPC demonstrated significant characteristics in time perception, with a lower reproduction ratio (DRR) and higher coefficient of variation (CV). Notably, lower CV at baseline was associated with a higher probability of STBs during follow-up. The study revealed that time perception effectively predicts the risk of subsequent STBs in NPC patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identifies characteristics of time perception in adolescent NPC patients, which may serve as a novel behavioral indicator for the early identification of risk for suicide. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the neurobiological bases of NSSI and highlight the potential of time perception tasks in the early identification of adverse outcomes, offering novel insights for intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"398-405"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a mobile application game (NDTx-01) in enhancing social communication skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder or social communication disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial.","authors":"Jae Hyun Yoo, Enn Young Lee, Jung-Won Lee, Hahn Kim, Sung Ja Cho, Ran Ju, Hyun Jae Kim, Jung Yeon Moon, Tae Young Choi, Junho Lee, Changwon Jang, Seong Hee Park, Bum Joon Seok, Yoo-Sook Joung","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13824","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or social communication disorder (SCD) experience social communication difficulties. Social skills training (SST) for this population has proven effective, although its use remains restricted due to limited accessibility. This multicenter, parallel, open-label, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled pilot trial evaluated the efficacy of NDTx-01, a mobile application game integrating SST, in patients aged 10 to 18 years diagnosed with ASD or SCD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 39 participants fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were randomly assigned to two groups. While the control group received treatment as usual (TAU), the intervention group (INT + TAU) engaged with TAU plus NDTx-01 for 10 minutes, five times per week, for 6 weeks. The primary outcome measure included changes in the adaptive behavior composites (ABC) of the Korean Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II. Secondary measures included Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2) scores, anxiety levels, and parenting stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One participant in the INT + TAU group withdrew consent. Thirty-eight patients remained for analysis. Compared with the TAU group (n = 19, 18 males; age, 13.58 ± 2.14 years), the INT + TAU group (n = 19, 16 males; age, 13.42 ± 2.36 years) exhibited significant improvements (INT + TAU 5.89 ± 5.61 vs TAU 1.21 ± 5.99) in the ABC (P = 0.037) after 6 weeks. Additionally, a significant reduction in restricted interests and repetitive behaviors (INT + TAU -9.11 ± 10.26 vs TAU -2.89 ± 7.13) in SRS-2 scores was found (P = 0.037). No adverse events were reported in participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mobile game-based SST has demonstrated effectiveness in adaptive functioning in young patients with ASD or SCD. A further confirmatory study with power estimate is required to validate the effects of NDTx-01.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration information: </strong>This randomized controlled study was registered in Clinical Research Information Service, National Center for Medical Information and Knowledge, Republic of Korea (Registration Number: KCT0009140, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=26713&search_page=L).</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"389-397"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}