Respiratory investigation最新文献

{"title":"Burden of respiratory syncytial virus infections in older adults with acute respiratory infection in Japan: An epidemiological study among outpatients","authors":"Hiroyuki Ohbayashi ,&nbsp;Takayuki Sakurai ,&nbsp;Daisuke Himeji ,&nbsp;Yasushi Fukushima ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Takahashi ,&nbsp;Arihiro Kiyosue ,&nbsp;Eliazar Sabater Cabrera ,&nbsp;Taizo Matsuki ,&nbsp;Daniel Molnar ,&nbsp;Victor Preckler Moreno ,&nbsp;Silvia Damaso ,&nbsp;Jean-Yves Pirçon ,&nbsp;Maria Moitinho de Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illness, with severe outcomes in older adults. Information on the prevalence, hospitalization rate, and impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of RSV in older adults with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in outpatient settings in Japan is limited.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This multi-center epidemiological study included outpatients aged ≥60 years presenting with ARI between August 2021 and February 2023. Nasal and throat swabs were collected and tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The prevalence of RT-PCR-confirmed RSV (cRSV)-ARI, cRSV-lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD), and other respiratory viruses was calculated by season, region, age group, and RSV subtype. HRQoL was assessed via patient-reported outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study included 923 ARI episodes (cRSV-ARI: N = 24; non-cRSV-ARI: N = 899). In years 1 and 2 (August 2021–July 2022 and August 2022–February 2023), the prevalence of cRSV-ARI was 2.5% and 2.8%, respectively. There was a predominance of RSV-B and RSV-A subtypes in years 1 and 2, respectively. In years 1 and 2 combined, 37.5% of cRSV-ARI cases had lower respiratory tract infection; all cRSV-LRTD cases occurred in those aged 60–74 years. RSV-ARI cases reported throat, chest, and respiratory symptoms, leading to impaired functioning and HRQoL.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>During the observed study period, RSV was circulating among older adults in Japan. RSV was a leading cause of ARI and LRTD. More data are needed to fully clarify the burden of RSV among older adults in Japan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20934,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory investigation","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 914-921"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical potential of SKP2 as diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in small cell lung cancer","authors":"Naohisa Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Ken Tajima ,&nbsp;Fumiyuki Takahashi ,&nbsp;Yoichiro Mitsuishi ,&nbsp;Aditya Wirawan ,&nbsp;Moulid Hidayat ,&nbsp;Wira Winardi ,&nbsp;Adityo Wibowo ,&nbsp;Daisuke Hayakawa ,&nbsp;Kenta Izumi ,&nbsp;Koichiro Kanamori ,&nbsp;Yosuke Miyashita ,&nbsp;Takafumi Handa ,&nbsp;Tetsuhiko Asao ,&nbsp;Ryo Ko ,&nbsp;Takehito Shukuya ,&nbsp;Naoko Shimada ,&nbsp;Kazuya Takamochi ,&nbsp;Takuo Hayashi ,&nbsp;Kenji Suzuki ,&nbsp;Kazuhisa Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive type of lung cancer. The overall survival has not improved significantly over the last decades because no major therapeutic breakthroughs have been achieved for over 15 years.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed a genome-wide loss-of-function screening database to identify vulnerabilities in SCLC for the development of urgently needed novel therapies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified <em>SKP2</em> (encoding S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) and <em>CKS1B</em> (encoding CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B) as the two most essential genes in that order in SCLC. Notably, SKP2 and CKS1B comprise the p27 binding pocket of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF^SKP2 complex. Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays revealed that SKP2 was expressed in &gt;95% of samples at substantially higher levels than that observed for commonly used neuroendocrine markers. As expected, SCLC cell lines were sensitive to SKP2 inhibition. Furthermore, SKP2 or CKS1B knockdown induced apoptosis in <em>RB1</em> mutant cells, whereas it induced senescence in <em>RB1</em> wild-type cells.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Although the mechanism underlying SKP2 knockdown-induced growth inhibition differs between <em>RB1</em>-wild-type and -mutant SCLC, SKP2 can be considered a novel therapeutic target for patients with SCLC regardless of the <em>RB1</em> mutation status. Our findings indicate that SKP2 is a potential novel clinical diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in SCLC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20934,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory investigation","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 901-909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212534524001151/pdfft?md5=bd6f387b47310c081611aadf5fdfd15b&pid=1-s2.0-S2212534524001151-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized, open-label phase II study on the preventive effect of goshajinkigan against peripheral neuropathy induced by paclitaxel-containing chemotherapy: The OLCSG2101 study protocol","authors":"Naoki Nakamura ,&nbsp;Go Makimoto ,&nbsp;Takaaki Tanaka ,&nbsp;Yuka Kato ,&nbsp;Isao Oze ,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Kozuki ,&nbsp;Toshihide Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Hirohisa Ichikawa ,&nbsp;Shoichi Kuyama ,&nbsp;Naofumi Hara ,&nbsp;Yoshinobu Maeda ,&nbsp;Katsuyuki Hotta","doi":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Paclitaxel (PTX) is an essential cytotoxic anticancer agent and a standard treatment regimen component for various malignant tumors, including advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer, thymic cancer, and primary unknown cancers. However, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) caused by PTX is a significant adverse event that may lead to chemotherapy discontinuation and deterioration of the quality of life (QOL). Although treatment modalities such as goshajinkigan (GJG), pregabalin, and duloxetine are empirically utilized for CIPN, there is no established evidence for an agent as a preventive measure. We designed a randomized phase II trial (OLCSG2101) to investigate whether prophylactic GJG administration can prevent the onset of CIPN induced by PTX.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study was designed as a two-arm, prospective, randomized, multicenter phase II trial. The patients will be randomly assigned to either the GJG prophylaxis arm (Arm A) or the GJG non-prophylaxis arm (Arm B), using cancer type (lung cancer or not) and age (&lt;70 years or not) as adjustment factors. A total of 66 patients (33 in each arm) will be enrolled.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The results of this study may contribute to better management of CIPN, which can enable the continuation of chemotherapy and maintenance of the patient's QOL.</p></div><div><h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3><p>Ethical approval was obtained from the certified review board of Okayama University (approval no. CRB21-005) on September 28, 2021. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><p>Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (registration number jRCTs061210047).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20934,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory investigation","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 897-900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of serum transthyretin for prediction of the 1-year outcome in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: An evaluation of sarcopenic and nutritional indicators","authors":"Kohei Fujita ,&nbsp;Akihito Okada ,&nbsp;Hirotsugu Ohkubo ,&nbsp;Akiko Nakano ,&nbsp;Keima Ito ,&nbsp;Yuta Mori ,&nbsp;Kensuke Fukumitsu ,&nbsp;Satoshi Fukuda ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Kanemitsu ,&nbsp;Takehiro Uemura ,&nbsp;Tomoko Tajiri ,&nbsp;Yutaka Ito ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Oguri ,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Ozawa ,&nbsp;Takayuki Murase ,&nbsp;Akio Niimi","doi":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) often experience sarcopenia and malnutrition. However, this has not been fully examined through longitudinal surveys. This study investigated whether sarcopenia and malnutrition were associated with 1-year outcomes in IPF.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We evaluated sarcopenia and nutritional status in 64 outpatients with IPF. We assessed the time-to-event for respiratory-related hospitalizations or deaths 12 months after enrollment. Sarcopenia was diagnosed by the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, 2019. Nutritional status was assessed by serum transthyretin and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The average age was 73.6 ± 7.9 years, and the percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) was 81.9 ± 15.7%. Of the 64 patients, 24 (37.5%) had sarcopenia. The median serum transthyretin level and mean GNRI were 23.8 mg/dL and 102, respectively. Eleven patients (17.2%) experienced respiratory-related hospitalization or death within the first year. Cox regression analysis showed that the % predicted diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, lowest oxygen saturation in the 6-min walk test, serum transthyretin level, and GNRI were significant predictors of 1-year outcomes. The Kaplan–Meier method, which divided the patients into two groups based on a transthyretin level of 22.6 mg/dL, showed a significant difference (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, log-rank test). Sarcopenia and the percent predicted FVC did not predict the 1-year outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This pilot study represents the first longitudinal survey assessing patients with IPF for sarcopenia and malnutrition. Serum transthyretin levels may predict respiratory-related hospitalization or death within 1 year in patients with IPF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20934,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory investigation","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 889-896"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 co-detection with other respiratory pathogens-descriptive epidemiological study","authors":"Ken Arimura ,&nbsp;Ken Kikuchi ,&nbsp;Yasuto Sato ,&nbsp;Hitomi Miura ,&nbsp;Asako Sato ,&nbsp;Hideki Katsura ,&nbsp;Mitsuko Kondo ,&nbsp;Michio Itabashi ,&nbsp;Etsuko Tagaya","doi":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Co-detection of respiratory pathogens with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is poorly understood. This descriptive epidemiological study aimed to determine the effect of the interaction of different respiratory pathogens on clinical variables.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively reviewed the results of comprehensive multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing from November 2020 to March 2023 to estimate respiratory pathogen co-detection rates in Shinjuku, Tokyo. We evaluated the interactions of respiratory pathogens, particularly SARS-CoV-2, between observed and expected co-detection. We estimated the trend of co-detection with SARS-CoV-2 in terms of age and sex and applied a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for age, testing period, and sex to identify influencing factors between co-detection and single detection for each pathogen.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 57,746 patients who underwent multiplex PCR testing, 10,516 (18.2%) had positive for at least one of the 22 pathogens. Additionally, 881 (1.5%) patients were confirmed to have a co-detection. SARS-CoV-2 exhibited negative interactions with adenovirus, coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and rhino/enterovirus. SARS-CoV-2 co-detection with other pathogens occurred most frequently in patients of the youngest age group (0–4 years). A multiple logistic regression model indicated that younger age was the most influential factor for SARS-CoV-2 co-detection with other respiratory pathogens.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study highlights the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 co-detection with other respiratory pathogens in younger age groups, necessitating further exploration of the clinical implications and severity of SARS-CoV-2 co-detection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20934,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory investigation","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 884-888"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212534524001175/pdfft?md5=85ff8f1d064fbd93d08980a87516c3e1&pid=1-s2.0-S2212534524001175-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope-guided fine-needle aspiration for next-generation sequencing in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A comparison with other bronchoscopic techniques","authors":"Daisuke Himeji ,&nbsp;Ritsuya Shiiba ,&nbsp;Gen-ichi Tanaka ,&nbsp;Akihisa Takano ,&nbsp;Rikuto Kamiike ,&nbsp;Natsumi Kushima ,&nbsp;Shingo Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Koichi Goto ,&nbsp;Kazunari Maekawa ,&nbsp;Kousuke Marutsuka","doi":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is essential in treating advanced lung cancer. However, the effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-B-FNA) in NGS remains unclear. This study examined the usefulness of EUS-B-FNA in lung cancer NGS cases where EUS-B-FNA was performed for specimen submission in a nationwide genomic screening platform (LC-SCRUM-Asia) and compared specimens collected using other bronchoscopy methods (endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration [EBUS-TBNA] and EBUS-guided transbronchial biopsy with a guide sheath [EBUS-GS-TBB]) during the same period.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively compared the NGS success rates of NGS, DNA and RNA yields for EUS-B-FNA, EBUS-TBNA, and EBUS-GS-TBB from the records of the patients recruited for the Lung Cancer Genomic Screening Project for Individualized Medicine (LC-SCRUM)-Asia.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Fifty-one patients were enrolled, and the NGS success rates were comparable for samples obtained by EUS-B-FNA, EBUS-TBNA, and EBUS-GS-TBB (100%, 90.9%, and 81.0%, respectively). Genetic alterations were detected in 73.7%, 90.9%, and 85.7% of patients, respectively, with druggable genetic alterations found in 31.6%, 72.7%, and 61.9% of patients, respectively. The DNA and RNA yields were significantly higher in EUS-B-FNA samples than in EBUS-GS-TBB samples (50.4 (interquartile range (IR): 15.45–72.35) ng/μl and 33.9 (IR: 9–76.8) ng/μl from EUS-B-FNA, and 3.3 (IR: 1.4–7.1) ng/μl and 15.1 (IR: 8.3–31.5) ng/μl from EBUS-GS-TBB, respectively, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>EUS-B-FNA emerges as a promising bronchoscopic method for obtaining adequate samples for NGS in advanced lung cancer cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20934,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory investigation","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 879-883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural history of indolent-anti-synthetase syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease","authors":"Mitsuhiro Moda ,&nbsp;Hiromitsu Sumikawa ,&nbsp;Ryota Shintani ,&nbsp;Naoko Takeuchi ,&nbsp;Tomoko Kagawa ,&nbsp;Takayuki Takimoto ,&nbsp;Toru Arai","doi":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Anti-synthetase syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease (ASS-ILD) may occur without myositis. Although a recent Japanese guide proposed a watch-and-wait approach for chronic ASS-ILD without obvious progression, the natural history of this subgroup and the appropriateness of the watch-and-wait approach remain unclear. We aimed to describe the natural history of ASS-ILD, that is sufficiently indolent to be a candidate for the watch-and-wait approach.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Among consecutive patients with ASS-ILD, we retrospectively identified those without myositis, acute/subacute onset, and significant lung function impairment, which qualified them as indolent-ASS-ILD cases, and described their natural course. Additionally, we evaluated the risk factors for fibrosis progression on computed tomography (CT) using the Cox proportional hazards model.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 80 patients with ASS-ILD, we identified 33 with indolent-ASS-ILD, all of whom were initially followed up with a watch-and-wait approach. Among 30 patients with sufficient follow-up data, 27 (90%) showed a stable course without treatment over 24 months. Subsequently, four patients experienced ≥10% relative forced vital capacity (FVC) decline without treatment during a median follow-up duration of 81 months. Seven patients showed fibrosis progression with &gt;10% increase in the total lung area on CT. Higher levels of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and surfactant protein-D (SP-D) were associated with fibrosis progression on CT.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Most patients with indolent-ASS-ILD did not experience ≥10% relative FVC decline over five years without treatment. However, fibrosis progression on CT, which seemed to precede significant FVC decline, occurred more frequently, especially in patients with higher KL-6 and SP-D levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20934,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory investigation","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 872-878"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of IL-6R-expressing monocytes in the lung of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"Yoshinao Ono ,&nbsp;Naoya Fujino ,&nbsp;Takuya Saito ,&nbsp;Shuichiro Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Shuichi Konno ,&nbsp;Takuto Endo ,&nbsp;Manami Suzuki ,&nbsp;Mitsuhiro Yamada ,&nbsp;Yoshinori Okada ,&nbsp;Hisatoshi Sugiura","doi":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Monocytes play a crucial role in innate immune responses for host defense, however, their involvement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains poorly understood. We previously identified a subset of monocytes in COPD lung tissues characterized by high interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression. This study aimed to characterize the phenotypes of IL-6R^hi monocytes in the lungs of COPD patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using flow cytometry, we assessed the abundance of pulmonary CD14⁺IL-6R^hi cells in never smokers (CNS), control ex-smokers (CES) and COPD patients. IL-6 expression in CD14⁺ monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with COPD was also examined. CD45⁺CD206^–CD14⁺IL-6R^hi and CD45⁺CD206^–CD14⁺IL-6R^–/lo cells were isolated from COPD lung tissues for transcriptome analysis. A monocyte line THP1 cell with constitutive IL-6R expression was stimulated with recombinant IL-6, followed by RNA sequencing to evaluate the IL-6 responsiveness of IL-6R⁺ monocytes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The number of pulmonary CD14⁺IL-6R^hi monocytes was elevated in COPD patients compared to CNS, whereas CD14⁺ monocytes in the peripheral blood of COPD patients did not express IL-6R. Upregulated mRNA expression in CD14⁺IL-6R^hi monocytes was associated with chemotaxis, monocyte differentiation, fatty acid metabolism and integrin-mediated signaling pathway. Stimulation of THP1 cells with recombinant IL-6 induced changes in the expression of genes linked to chemotaxis and organism development.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In patients with COPD, CD14⁺IL-6R^hi monocytes are increased in lung tissues compared to those in CNS. They exhibit a transcriptome profile different from that of CD14⁺IL-6R^–/lo monocytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20934,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory investigation","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 856-866"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized controlled trial to examine the tolerability of bronchoscopy with and without pharyngeal laryngeal anesthesia (TACOYAKI study)","authors":"Takahiro Ueda ,&nbsp;Hidenori Tanaka ,&nbsp;Kentaro Ueno ,&nbsp;Masaaki Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Hideaki Kadotani ,&nbsp;Riki Uenishi ,&nbsp;Mariko Ishii ,&nbsp;Noriko Takeda ,&nbsp;Haruhiko Matsushita ,&nbsp;Tomoya Kawaguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, pharyngeal anesthesia such as nebulizer or lidocaine pump spray is the risk of droplet transmission to health care workers from coughing due to spraying anesthesia. Absence of pharyngeal anesthesia may induce coughing and reduce patient and operator satisfaction, but the efficacy of pharyngeal anesthesia under sedation is still limited. Therefore we evaluated a prospective, randomized, single-blind trial to evaluate efficacy of pharyngeal anesthesia in patients receiving sedation.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We conducted a randomized comparison of pharyngeal anesthesia with or without bronchoalveolar lavage in patients undergoing bronchoscopy at our hospital between March and October 2022. Pharyngeal anesthesia was performed using 8％ lidocaine spray and the operators were blinded to eliminate bias. Two hundred patients were entered into the study and divided into two groups: those who received pharyngeal anesthesia(control group) and did not receive pharyngeal anesthesia(test group). The primary endpoint was the operator's satisfaction with the procedure. The secondary endpoints were the patient's cough during the examination as perceived by the operator, cough and discomfort experienced by the patient and the dose of analgesic/sedative/lidocaine administered. These scales were scored from 0 to 100.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>In primary endpoint, there was no significant difference in the operator-rated procedure satisfaction between the 2 groups. The median for the discomfort score for patients in the control group was tendency higher than in the test group. There were no significant differences in other secondary endpoints.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Pharyngeal anesthesia may not be recommended for flexible bronchoscopy performed under combined sedation and analgesia.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><p>Registration number: UMIN000046975Date of registration: 2022/03/07.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20934,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory investigation","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 867-871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selexipag for patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease: A preliminary study","authors":"Kazuya Yoshikawa,&nbsp;Osamu Nishiyama,&nbsp;Ryo Yamazaki,&nbsp;Yuki Kunita,&nbsp;Yusaku Nishikawa,&nbsp;Akiko Sano,&nbsp;Hisako Matsumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-specific therapies are generally ineffective in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease (PH-LD). The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of selexipag, titrated according to individual tolerance, in patients with PH-LD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Consecutive patients diagnosed with PH-LD between October 2016 and March 2019, who received selexipag treatment, were retrospectively evaluated. Specific parameters, including changes in hemodynamic parameters, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), and partial pressure of atrial oxygen/fraction of inspiratory oxygen (PaO₂/FiO₂) were evaluated. Patients whose 6MWD improved ≥20 m were defined as responders.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Eight patients with PH-LD were included, comprising four with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), two with interstitial lung disease (ILD) related to rheumatoid arthritis, one with ILD related to systemic sclerosis, and one with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis. No statistically significant improvements in hemodynamic parameters and 6MWD were noted following selexipag treatment. However, four patients showed improvements in 6MWD ≥20 m at follow-up and were considered responders. They had a higher body mass index (BMI) and lower PaO₂/FiO₂ at baseline than non-responders (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively). No Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Selexipag was effective in half of the PH-LD cases, emphasizing higher BMI and lower PaO₂/FiO₂ as possible indicators for favorable response. Since selexipag starting at a low dose with subsequent titration may reduce the risk of early adverse events, it can be considered a treatment option for PH-LD. Further large-scale studies are warranted to confirm these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20934,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory investigation","volume":"62 5","pages":"Pages 850-855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}