Research in Agricultural Engineering最新文献_第8页

Forces and loosening characteristics of a new winged chisel plough 一种新型翼凿犁的受力及松动特性

Research in Agricultural Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.17221/71/2020-RAE

M. Salar, S. H. Karparvarfard, Mohammad Askari, H. Kargarpour

{"title":"Forces and loosening characteristics of a new winged chisel plough","authors":"M. Salar, S. H. Karparvarfard, Mohammad Askari, H. Kargarpour","doi":"10.17221/71/2020-RAE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/71/2020-RAE","url":null,"abstract":"This study was devoted to verifying the performance of various configurations of a winged chisel plough (WCP) in a soil bin. The performance of the new tool was assessed at three wing depths (5, 10 and 15 cm), three bend angles (10, 20 and 30 °), and three rake angles (7.5, 15 and 22.5 °) with three replications using a completely randomised design at a constant depth and speed of 30 cm and 1 m·s–1, respectively. The draught and vertical forces, soil disturbed and upheaved areas plus the efficiency of the soil loosening were measured during the tests. The results revealed that the draught and vertical forces were significantly increased by increasing the wing depth, bend and rake angles. The soil disturbance area increased with an increase in the wing depth, bend and rake angles. While the soil upheaving was decreased by increasing the wing depth and bend angle, the effect of the rake angle on the soil upheaving area was not significant. The maximum efficiency of the soil loosening of 268.1 cm2·kN–1 was achieved for a wing depth of 10 cm, a bend angle of 20 °, and a rake angle of 15 °. A significant improvement in the efficiency of the soil loosening along with maintaining a considerable portion of the residue on the soil surface suggest that the WCP should be adopted for conservation tillage.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":"67 1","pages":"17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47224501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Effect of drying temperature in hop dryer on hop quality 酒花干燥机干燥温度对酒花品质的影响

Research in Agricultural Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.17221/61/2020-RAE

A. Rybka, P. Heřmánek, I. Honzík

{"title":"Effect of drying temperature in hop dryer on hop quality","authors":"A. Rybka, P. Heřmánek, I. Honzík","doi":"10.17221/61/2020-RAE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/61/2020-RAE","url":null,"abstract":"One of the qualitative characteristics of both green and dried hops is the content of hop essential oils which are contained in a quantity of 0.5 to 3.5%, depending on the hop variety. These essential oils are heat labile substances because the temperature has an influence on their content. Hop cones, dried either in belt or chamber dryers, are exposed to a drying medium temperature of 55 to 60 °C for the entire duration of drying, i.e. for 6–8 hours. Under current drying conditions there is a loss of approx. 15 to 25% of the total content of essential oils present in hops before drying. In case of special aroma hop varieties, such losses lead to a decline in the product quality. Comparative measurements have been carried out with a laboratory equipment to find out whether more aromatic essential oils are retained in hop cones at a drying temperature of 40 °C compared to a drying temperature of 60 °C. The measurement carried out with the most common variety of Saaz hop concluded that the essential oil losses were lower by 33.4% at a drying temperature of 40 °C, and with other seven mostly hybrid varieties the losses were lower on average by 13.9% than at a drying temperature of 60 °C. The measurements proved that each of the varieties retained, to a significant extent, its content of essential oils in the dried hop cones at a drying temperature of 40 °C.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67556854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Energy and exergy analyses of okra drying process in a forced convection cabinet dryer 强制对流柜式干燥机中秋葵干燥过程的能量与火用分析

Research in Agricultural Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.17221/48/2020-RAE

A. Okunola, T. A. Adekanye, E. O. Idahosa

引用次数: 11

A study on the influence of the loading rate and orientation on some mechanical properties of cassava tubers of different ages 加载速率和方位对不同树龄木薯块茎某些力学性能影响的研究

Research in Agricultural Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-29 DOI: 10.17221/57/2020-RAE

Olawale Charles Ogunnigbo, A. Dare, M. Tunde, Olusunmade Femi Olusola, O. Joshua

{"title":"A study on the influence of the loading rate and orientation on some mechanical properties of cassava tubers of different ages","authors":"Olawale Charles Ogunnigbo, A. Dare, M. Tunde, Olusunmade Femi Olusola, O. Joshua","doi":"10.17221/57/2020-RAE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/57/2020-RAE","url":null,"abstract":"The study determined the effects of the speed of loading and the loading orientation on some selected mechanical properties of the TME 419 cassava tuber variety at different ages of the tuber which are essential in the design and construction of the processing and handling equipment of a cassava peeler. The properties considered include the bioyield and rupture points, compressive and rupture strengths, toughness and firmness, and moduli of stiffness and toughness, which were carried out in the transverse and longitudinal loading direction using an Instron Universal Testing Machine (UTM). As the loading rate increased from 5.00 to10.00 mm·min–1 and the age of the tuber varies from 1.00 to 2.00 years, the bioyield and rupture points, compressive and rupture strengths, toughness, firmness, moduli of stiffness and toughness in the transverse and longitudinal direction varies from 1 619.61 to 3 636.19 N and 136.08 to 384.52 N, 0.48066 to 1.07913 N·mm–2 and 0.26604 to 0.75173 N·mm–2, 766 to 1 055 N·mm–1 and 1 262 to 2 965 N·mm–1, 303.98 to 553.68 mm·min–1 and 28.08 to 53.71 mm·min–1 2.30 to 4.19 N·mm–2 and 5.376 to 8.94 N·mm–2 respectively. Generally, the values of the properties examined are higher in the longitudinal loading orientation than in the transverse and for a year and half old tuber which will be useful in designing an efficient cassava peeling system.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":"67 1","pages":"34-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47778344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a manually operated organic and inorganic fertiliser applicator for smallholder farmers 为小农户开发手动操作的有机和无机肥料施用器

Research in Agricultural Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-11 DOI: 10.17221/39/2020-RAE

O. Omotosho, Adebayo Oke, A. Uthman, A. Atta, E. Ezaka

{"title":"Development of a manually operated organic and inorganic fertiliser applicator for smallholder farmers","authors":"O. Omotosho, Adebayo Oke, A. Uthman, A. Atta, E. Ezaka","doi":"10.17221/39/2020-RAE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/39/2020-RAE","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the design, fabrication and testing of a low-cost PVC-based manual fertiliser applicator (MFA) for the placement of granular and powdery fertilisers (organic and inorganic) at a required soil depth and plant spacing. The MFA consists of a spring-loaded trigger mechanism, a connecting tube and a knapsack plastic tank for the fertiliser storage, holding between 8.0–12.0 kg of fertiliser depending on the fertiliser's characteristics. The MFA was tested using four common fertilisers (NPK, SSP, Urea and organic manure) at different fertiliser moisture contents (3, 4, 5 and 6% w.b.). The results reveals that the MFA performed effectively in the fertiliser's discharges although it was significantly affected by the moisture content and fertiliser type. However, the MFA performed optimally when the moisture content was not above 4% (w.b.) giving optimal discharge values of 3.82, 3.45, 1.88 and 1.70 g per application for the NPK, SSP, urea, and pulverised organic fertilisers, respectively, at 4–7 cm application depths. Operators can, however, effectively determine the depth of placement and the number of applications during use based on agronomic recommendations.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":"67 1","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44619115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moisture – Influenced friction properties of ackee apple (Blighia sapida) seeds 水分-对苹果（Blighia sapida）种子摩擦特性的影响

Research in Agricultural Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-03 DOI: 10.17221/75/2020-RAE

O. A. Sadiku, David Omogunsoye

{"title":"Moisture – Influenced friction properties of ackee apple (Blighia sapida) seeds ","authors":"O. A. Sadiku, David Omogunsoye","doi":"10.17221/75/2020-RAE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/75/2020-RAE","url":null,"abstract":"The friction properties of ackee apple (Blighia sapida) seeds at an 11.9, 17, 22, 27, and 32% (w.b.) seed moisture were determined, which are vital for designing their processing techniques and equipment to replace the present manual methods. The ackee apple grows in many West African countries, especially Nigeria. The ackee seeds were harvested at Lanlate, Oyo State, Nigeria, where ackee trees are predominant. Standard experimental methods were adopted to determine the properties. The data were analysed using an ANOVA and the least significant difference (LSD) at P ≤ 0.05. As the moisture increased, the static coefficient of friction on glass (27.6–36.40), aluminium (27.0–30.2), polyvinyl chloride (PVC; 27.9–32.8) surfaces and normal stress at 200 g (8.73–8.93 g⋅cm–2), 300 g (11.65–11.79 g⋅cm–2) and 400 g (14.37–14.65) loads increased significantly and linearly. The shear stress linearly decreased at a 200 g load (1.62–1.25 g⋅cm–2), but was non-significant at the 300 and 400 g loads. The coefficient of internal friction linearly decreased (0.744–0.588) implying that the wet seeds flow more easily than the dry ones, which should be considered in designing conveyors. The relationships between the ackee seeds' moisture and friction properties were expressed with regression models. Data for designing the handling techniques and machines for the ackee seeds were obtained.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":"67 1","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46370816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Analysis of the physical-mechanical properties of a pelleted chicken litter organic fertiliser 颗粒化鸡粪有机肥料的物理力学性能分析

Research in Agricultural Engineering Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.17221/41/2020-rae

A. Brunerová, M. Müller, G. Gürdil, V. Šleger, M. Brožek

{"title":"Analysis of the physical-mechanical properties of a pelleted chicken litter organic fertiliser","authors":"A. Brunerová, M. Müller, G. Gürdil, V. Šleger, M. Brožek","doi":"10.17221/41/2020-rae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/41/2020-rae","url":null,"abstract":"Pelleted fertiliser production represents improvements in fertiliser management and ensures several benefits, such as a more accurate dosing (less applications), the slow-release of long-lasting nutrients, the possible application during the whole year, easier storage and transportation and better separation of fertilisers and pesticides. The present research investigated the physical-mechanical properties of a pelleted chicken litter organic fertiliser. The pellet samples' particle density ρ (kg·m–3), mechanical durability DU (%), compressive strengths in the cleft σc (N·mm–1) and in simple pressure σp (MPa) were investigated. The last two indicators, σc and σp, demonstrated the pellets' resistance to the compressive stress. The resulting values proved ρ = 1 289.73 kg·m–3, DU = 95.5%, σc = 58.61 N·mm–1 and σp = 20.02 MPa, while all the results were evaluated positively. The observed level of the DU (%) did not achieve the mandatory level for the commercial production of pellets (DU = 97.5%), however, such a level is stated for a pellet solid biofuel intended for energy production. Therefore, the achieved level of the DU (%) represents a satisfactory result within the investigated pellet samples' mechanical quality. In general, the viability and practicability of chicken litter pellet production was proven, as well as, the suitability of such a feedstock for pellet production. Moreover, the observed results proved a high level of the investigated pellet samples' mechanical quality.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45336953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Physical and mechanical properties of berries and biological features of red currant growth for mechanized harvesting 浆果的物理机械特性和红醋栗机械化采收生长的生物学特性

Research in Agricultural Engineering Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.17221/11/2020-rae

O. Panfilova, O. Kalinina, O. Golyaeva, S. Knyazev, M. Tsoy

{"title":"Physical and mechanical properties of berries and biological features of red currant growth for mechanized harvesting","authors":"O. Panfilova, O. Kalinina, O. Golyaeva, S. Knyazev, M. Tsoy","doi":"10.17221/11/2020-rae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/11/2020-rae","url":null,"abstract":"The physical and mechanical parameters of berries and the morphometric features of the structure of the bush growth habit are important criteria in predicting the use of berry harvesting equipment. In this research, six red currant cultivars have been studied. The berry separation force, the crushing force, and the strength of attachment of the berries to the stalk were assigned to the physical and mechanical parameters and were determined using the \"PLODTEST-1\" and \"Dina-2\" devices (Russia). For the optimal operation of the berry harvester, the crushing force of the berries must be more than 2 N, the berry separation force must be in the range of 0.5–1.5 N. A high correlation between the separation and crushing forces was determined (R = 0.71). During the period of technical maturity, the strength of the attachment of the berries in the raceme was more than 0.5 N and, by the end of maturation, this indicator decreased. Most of the studied cultivars have a compact, optimal bush volume. The red currant cultivars Niva, Asya and Vika are promising for mechanised harvesting.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47470647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

A study of nanomaterial transportation in the soil by finite difference approximations 用有限差分近似法研究纳米材料在土壤中的传输

Research in Agricultural Engineering Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.17221/71/2019-rae

Jaldair Nóbrega, André Luis Santos Hortelan, Carlos Henrique Portezani, E. Botero

{"title":"A study of nanomaterial transportation in the soil by finite difference approximations","authors":"Jaldair Nóbrega, André Luis Santos Hortelan, Carlos Henrique Portezani, E. Botero","doi":"10.17221/71/2019-rae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/71/2019-rae","url":null,"abstract":"Although there has been an increase in the production and use of nanomaterials; few studies have analysed their contact with the environment and the consequent effects on an ecosystem's health, ranging from the impact on the growth of organisms to the contamination of water reservoirs. This work proposes a tool to study the transportation of nanomaterials in the soil by the finite difference method, modelling the dispersion of nanomaterials into the soil layers to estimate the environmental impact. The model validation was conducted through numerical simulations of manganese and zinc in contact with a compacted latosol. The results show that the nanoparticle pollutants move slowly through the layers and the highest concentration is found close to the source. Also, the Mn nanoparticles are in higher concentration than Zinc nanoparticles as a function of depth in the soil layers. The method generates more accurate simulated results in less time and provides a low-cost prediction of the environmental impact. Furthermore, the estimated environmental impacts can be used as a first approximation for the mitigation of the degraded area.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43776101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of two electric vehicles in terms of real range in different types of operations 两款电动汽车在不同运营类型下的实际续航里程比较

Research in Agricultural Engineering Pub Date : 2020-10-02 DOI: 10.17221/60/2020-rae

Veronika Štekerová, M. Kotek, V. Hartová

引用次数: 0